fbpx
Wikipedia

Alberta Highway 93

Highway 93 is a north–south highway in Alberta, Canada. It is also known as the Banff-Windermere Parkway south of the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1) and the Icefields Parkway north of the Trans-Canada Highway. It travels through Banff National Park and Jasper National Park and is maintained by Parks Canada for its entire length.[1] It runs from the British Columbia border at Vermilion Pass in the south, where it becomes British Columbia Highway 93, to its terminus at the junction with the Yellowhead Highway (Highway 16) at Jasper.[2] The route takes its number from U.S. Route 93, which runs uninterrupted south to central Arizona, and was initially designated as '93' in 1959.

Highway 93

Banff-Windermere Highway
Icefields Parkway
Highway 93 as seen from the observation deck on the north side of Parker Ridge.
Route information
Maintained by Alberta Ministry of Transportation
Length268 km (167 mi)
Existed1940–present
RestrictionsNo commercial vehicles and National Parks pass required along the Icefields Parkway. Snow tires or chains required Nov. 1 to Mar. 31.
Major junctions
South end Hwy 93 at B.C. border at Vermilion Pass
Major intersections Hwy 1 (TCH) near Lake Louise
Hwy 1A near Lake Louise
Hwy 11 in Saskatchewan River Crossing
North end Hwy 16 (TCH) in Jasper
Location
CountryCanada
ProvinceAlberta
Specialized and rural municipalitiesI.D. No. 9, I.D. No. 12, Jasper
Highway system
Hwy 88 SPF

Route description edit

Banff-Windermere Highway edit

 
Castle Mountain, in Banff National Park, as seen from Highway 93.

The southern portion of the route is part of the Banff-Windermere Highway, a 104 km (65 mi) highway that travels from British Columbia Highway 95 at Radium Hot Springs, through Kootenay National Park and Vermilion Pass across the Continental Divide, to the junction of the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1) at Castle Junction.[3] The final 10 km (6.2 mi) of the highway are in Alberta and Banff National Park. Prior to 1959, the highway was designated as Highway 1B.[4]

Trans-Canada Highway edit

Highway 93 connects with the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1) at Castle Junction, midway between Banff and Lake Louise.[3] Highway 93 follows the Trans-Canada Highway for 28 km (17 mi) northwest, diverging from highway 1 west of Lake Louise. Highway 1 continues west to Yoho National Park. The Bow Valley Parkway (Highway 1A) also links Lake Louise and Banff. This road parallels Highway 1 and, at the midpoint, passes Castle junction where it links with Highway 93.[3]

Icefields Parkway edit

 
Highway 93 near Saskatchewan Crossing
 
Looking north at the northern terminus of the Icefields Parkway.
 
Watermelon Peak's southern outlier by Icefields Parkway

The Icefields Parkway (French: Promenade des Glaciers), is a 230 km (140 mi) long scenic road that parallels the Continental Divide, traversing the rugged landscape of the Canadian Rockies, travelling through Banff National Park and Jasper National Park. It is named for features such as the Columbia Icefield, visible from the parkway. It links Lake Louise with Jasper to the north. At its southern end, the Icefields Parkway terminates at Highway 1. Highway 1 west leads to Yoho National Park in British Columbia and Highway 1 east to Lake Louise and the Town of Banff. A second parkway, the Bow Valley Parkway also links Lake Louise and the Town of Banff. Known as Highway 1A, this road parallels Highway 1 and, at the midpoint, passes the Castle Mountain junction where Highway 93 south, or the Banff-Windermere Highway, branches southwest into Kootenay National Park in British Columbia.[3]

 
Bow Lake

The Icefields Parkway was predated by the Glacier Trail, which opened in 1885 after the Canadian Pacific Railway was completed and brought increased tourist traffic to Banff National Park. In 1931, the federal government commissioned the construction of a single-track road between Lake Louise and Jasper in the Great Depression as a relief project. In order to employ as many people as possible, the road was constructed by hand and employed 600 men.[5] The road was completed in 1940; however, the 1950s saw an increase in automobile use and increased traffic along the parkway. In 1961, a reconstructed paved and modern highway was opened,[5] and in 1969, Brewster Sightseeing began to operate snowmobile tours on the Athabasca Glacier, located just beside the highway.[5]

 
Turnouts by the Parkway aid views

The parkway is busy in July and August with up to 100,000 vehicles a month. The parkway is mainly two lanes with occasional passing lanes. It minimizes grades and hairpin turns. Snow can be expected at any time of year and extreme weather is common in winter.

 
Peyto Lake

A Canadian national parks permit is required to travel on the Icefields Parkway; stations near Lake Louise and Jasper enforce the law. Commercial trucks are prohibited.[6] The speed limit is 90 km/h (55 mph) although the limit is reduced at Saskatchewan River Crossing and the Columbia Icefield area. In winter, chains or winter-rated radial tires are required by law and road closures may occur without warning. There is no cell coverage.[7]

Major intersections edit

Starting from the south end of Highway 93:

National ParkLocationkmmiDestinationsNotes
Banff0.00.0  Hwy 93 (Banff–Windermere Highway) – Kootenay National Park, Radium Hot SpringsContinental Divide; continuation into British Columbia
51°13′44″N 116°03′02″W / 51.228776°N 116.050600°W / 51.228776; -116.050600 (Vermilion Pass)
Vermilion Pass – 1,680 m (5,510 ft)
10.06.2  Hwy 1 (TCH) east – Banff, Calgary
  To Hwy 1A (Bow Valley Parkway) – Castle Mountain
Hwy 93 branches northwest;
south end of Hwy 1 concurrency
51°15′52″N 115°55′56″W / 51.264565°N 115.932311°W / 51.264565; -115.932311 (TCH 1 east)
North end of Banff–Windermere Highway
32.520.2Crosses the Bow River51°24′08″N 116°09′32″W / 51.402339°N 116.159023°W / 51.402339; -116.159023 (Bow River)
Lake Louise35.522.1  Hwy 1A east (Bow Valley Parkway) / Lake Louise Drive51°25′34″N 116°10′24″W / 51.426110°N 116.173373°W / 51.426110; -116.173373 (Lake Louise)
38.223.7  Hwy 1 (TCH) west – Yoho National Park, Field, GoldenHwy 93 branches north;
North end of Hwy 1 concurrency
51°26′29″N 116°12′04″W / 51.441419°N 116.201168°W / 51.441419; -116.201168 (TCH 1 west)
Icefields Parkway begins • National Park pass required
38.924.2Park gate51°26′40″N 116°12′33″W / 51.444582°N 116.209127°W / 51.444582; -116.209127 (South Park Gate)
71.044.1Crowfoot Glacier (roadside pullout)51°39′50″N 116°26′23″W / 51.663857°N 116.439681°W / 51.663857; -116.439681 (Crowfoot Glacier)
73.545.7unnamed roadBow Lake51°40′56″N 116°27′43″W / 51.682351°N 116.461960°W / 51.682351; -116.461960 (Bow Lake)
78.448.7Bow Summit – 2,069 m (6,788 ft)
unnamed roadPeyto Lake51°43′12″N 116°29′41″W / 51.719901°N 116.494699°W / 51.719901; -116.494699 (Bow Summit)
108.867.6Mistaya Canyon (roadside pullout)51°56′28″N 116°43′02″W / 51.941084°N 116.717254°W / 51.941084; -116.717254 (Mistaya Canyon)
112.469.8Crosses the North Saskatchewan River51°58′14″N 116°43′13″W / 51.970431°N 116.720373°W / 51.970431; -116.720373 (N Sask River)
Saskatchewan
River Crossing
114.070.8  Hwy 11 east – Rocky Mountain House, Red Deer51°58′24″N 116°44′35″W / 51.973260°N 116.742946°W / 51.973260; -116.742946 (Hwy 11)
149.693.0Parker Ridge (roadside pullout)52°10′37″N 117°03′22″W / 52.177048°N 117.055986°W / 52.177048; -117.055986 (Parker Ridge)
BanffJasper line159.198.9Sunwapta Pass – 2,030 m (6,660 ft) — 52°12′50″N 117°09′49″W / 52.213759°N 117.163609°W / 52.213759; -117.163609 (Sunwapta Pass)
JasperColumbia Icefield163.5101.6Icefields Centre, Athabasca Glacier52°13′11″N 117°13′29″W / 52.219679°N 117.224859°W / 52.219679; -117.224859 (Columbia Icefield)
211.9131.7unnamed roadSunwapta Falls52°32′13″N 117°38′28″W / 52.537049°N 117.641038°W / 52.537049; -117.641038 (Sunwapta Falls)
235.3146.2  Hwy 93A north – Athabasca Falls52°40′08″N 117°52′54″W / 52.668965°N 117.881529°W / 52.668965; -117.881529 (Athabasca Falls)
257.9160.3Crosses the Athabasca River52°48′43″N 118°02′28″W / 52.811830°N 118.041064°W / 52.811830; -118.041064 (Athabasca River)
258.7160.7  Hwy 93A south – Marmot Basin52°48′51″N 118°03′02″W / 52.814144°N 118.050557°W / 52.814144; -118.050557 (Hwy 93A)
259.2161.1Park gate52°49′07″N 118°03′10″W / 52.818584°N 118.052744°W / 52.818584; -118.052744 (North Park Gate)
263.6163.8Whistlers Road – Jasper Skytram52°51′16″N 118°04′41″W / 52.854548°N 118.077977°W / 52.854548; -118.077977 (Whistlers Rd)
264.0164.0  Hwy 93A north – Jasper52°51′30″N 118°04′46″W / 52.858376°N 118.079377°W / 52.858376; -118.079377 (Hwy 93A)
264.7164.5Crosses the Miette River52°51′45″N 118°05′11″W / 52.862593°N 118.086487°W / 52.862593; -118.086487 (Miette River)
Jasper265.4164.9Icefields Parkway ends
   Hwy 16 (TCH/YH) – Prince George, Kamloops, Edmonton
Connaught Drive – Jasper
Hwy 93 northern terminus
52°52′00″N 118°05′36″W / 52.866548°N 118.093284°W / 52.866548; -118.093284 (TCH 16)
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 
360° panorama of Mount Amery and the Alexandra River in the Icefields Parkway of Jasper and Banff national parks. Low clouds drift along as the morning sun rises over Mount Wilson.

Highway 93A edit

 
Highway 93A
LocationJasper National Park
Southern section
Length24 km (15 mi)
South end  Hwy 93 near Athabasca Falls
North end  Hwy 93 near Marmot Basin
Northern section
Length1.7 km (1.1 mi)
South end  Hwy 93 near Jasper
North end  Hwy 16 (TCH) near Jasper

Just south of Jasper, a short spur of the parkway branches off as Highway 93A, providing access to businesses on the south side of Jasper and providing an alternative route into the community via Hazel Avenue. Another Highway 93A spur farther south is 24 km (15 mi) long, is along Highway 93 and provides alternative access to viewpoints and other attractions within Jasper National Park.

Highway 93A south of Jasper is narrow and the pavement uneven, with an average limit of 60 km/h (37 mph). Brush grows up to the side of the highway so animals can be difficult to see.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ . Parks Canada. November 22, 2010. Archived from the original on May 14, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
  2. ^ Alberta Official Road Map (Map) (2015 ed.). City of Edmonton Transportation Services for Alberta Culture and Tourism. § J–2, K–3, L–3, and L–4.
  3. ^ a b c d Google (October 23, 2017). "Highway 93 in Alberta" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
  4. ^ "Shell British Columbia-Alberta Highway Map". David Rumsey Map Collection. The H.M. Gousha Company. 1956. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
  5. ^ a b c . Parks Canada Agency. Government of Canada. June 1, 2017. Archived from the original on July 23, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
  6. ^ . Parks Canada. Government of Canada. December 3, 2014. Archived from the original on April 20, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2016.
  7. ^ . Parks Canada. Government of Canada. April 1, 2017. Archived from the original on September 19, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2017.

External links edit

  • Banff National Park - Icefields Parkway
  • Jasper National Park - Icefields Parkway
  • Travel Alberta - Icefields Parkway

alberta, highway, highway, north, south, highway, alberta, canada, also, known, banff, windermere, parkway, south, trans, canada, highway, highway, icefields, parkway, north, trans, canada, highway, travels, through, banff, national, park, jasper, national, pa. Highway 93 is a north south highway in Alberta Canada It is also known as the Banff Windermere Parkway south of the Trans Canada Highway Highway 1 and the Icefields Parkway north of the Trans Canada Highway It travels through Banff National Park and Jasper National Park and is maintained by Parks Canada for its entire length 1 It runs from the British Columbia border at Vermilion Pass in the south where it becomes British Columbia Highway 93 to its terminus at the junction with the Yellowhead Highway Highway 16 at Jasper 2 The route takes its number from U S Route 93 which runs uninterrupted south to central Arizona and was initially designated as 93 in 1959 Highway 93Banff Windermere HighwayIcefields ParkwayHighway 93 as seen from the observation deck on the north side of Parker Ridge Route informationMaintained by Alberta Ministry of TransportationLength268 km 167 mi Existed1940 presentRestrictionsNo commercial vehicles and National Parks pass required along the Icefields Parkway Snow tires or chains required Nov 1 to Mar 31 Major junctionsSouth endHwy 93 at B C border at Vermilion PassMajor intersectionsHwy 1 TCH near Lake Louise Hwy 1A near Lake Louise Hwy 11 in Saskatchewan River CrossingNorth endHwy 16 TCH in JasperLocationCountryCanadaProvinceAlbertaSpecialized and rural municipalitiesI D No 9 I D No 12 JasperHighway systemProvincial highways in Alberta Hwy 88 SPF Contents 1 Route description 1 1 Banff Windermere Highway 1 2 Trans Canada Highway 1 3 Icefields Parkway 2 Major intersections 3 Highway 93A 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksRoute description editBanff Windermere Highway edit nbsp Castle Mountain in Banff National Park as seen from Highway 93 Main article Banff Windermere Highway The southern portion of the route is part of the Banff Windermere Highway a 104 km 65 mi highway that travels from British Columbia Highway 95 at Radium Hot Springs through Kootenay National Park and Vermilion Pass across the Continental Divide to the junction of the Trans Canada Highway Highway 1 at Castle Junction 3 The final 10 km 6 2 mi of the highway are in Alberta and Banff National Park Prior to 1959 the highway was designated as Highway 1B 4 Trans Canada Highway edit Highway 93 connects with the Trans Canada Highway Highway 1 at Castle Junction midway between Banff and Lake Louise 3 Highway 93 follows the Trans Canada Highway for 28 km 17 mi northwest diverging from highway 1 west of Lake Louise Highway 1 continues west to Yoho National Park The Bow Valley Parkway Highway 1A also links Lake Louise and Banff This road parallels Highway 1 and at the midpoint passes Castle junction where it links with Highway 93 3 Icefields Parkway edit nbsp Highway 93 near Saskatchewan Crossing nbsp Looking north at the northern terminus of the Icefields Parkway nbsp Watermelon Peak s southern outlier by Icefields Parkway The Icefields Parkway French Promenade des Glaciers is a 230 km 140 mi long scenic road that parallels the Continental Divide traversing the rugged landscape of the Canadian Rockies travelling through Banff National Park and Jasper National Park It is named for features such as the Columbia Icefield visible from the parkway It links Lake Louise with Jasper to the north At its southern end the Icefields Parkway terminates at Highway 1 Highway 1 west leads to Yoho National Park in British Columbia and Highway 1 east to Lake Louise and the Town of Banff A second parkway the Bow Valley Parkway also links Lake Louise and the Town of Banff Known as Highway 1A this road parallels Highway 1 and at the midpoint passes the Castle Mountain junction where Highway 93 south or the Banff Windermere Highway branches southwest into Kootenay National Park in British Columbia 3 nbsp Bow LakeThe Icefields Parkway was predated by the Glacier Trail which opened in 1885 after the Canadian Pacific Railway was completed and brought increased tourist traffic to Banff National Park In 1931 the federal government commissioned the construction of a single track road between Lake Louise and Jasper in the Great Depression as a relief project In order to employ as many people as possible the road was constructed by hand and employed 600 men 5 The road was completed in 1940 however the 1950s saw an increase in automobile use and increased traffic along the parkway In 1961 a reconstructed paved and modern highway was opened 5 and in 1969 Brewster Sightseeing began to operate snowmobile tours on the Athabasca Glacier located just beside the highway 5 nbsp Turnouts by the Parkway aid viewsThe parkway is busy in July and August with up to 100 000 vehicles a month The parkway is mainly two lanes with occasional passing lanes It minimizes grades and hairpin turns Snow can be expected at any time of year and extreme weather is common in winter nbsp Peyto LakeA Canadian national parks permit is required to travel on the Icefields Parkway stations near Lake Louise and Jasper enforce the law Commercial trucks are prohibited 6 The speed limit is 90 km h 55 mph although the limit is reduced at Saskatchewan River Crossing and the Columbia Icefield area In winter chains or winter rated radial tires are required by law and road closures may occur without warning There is no cell coverage 7 Major intersections editStarting from the south end of Highway 93 National ParkLocationkmmiDestinationsNotesBanff 0 00 0 nbsp Hwy 93 Banff Windermere Highway Kootenay National Park Radium Hot SpringsContinental Divide continuation into British Columbia51 13 44 N 116 03 02 W 51 228776 N 116 050600 W 51 228776 116 050600 Vermilion Pass Vermilion Pass 1 680 m 5 510 ft 10 06 2 nbsp Hwy 1 TCH east Banff Calgary nbsp To Hwy 1A Bow Valley Parkway Castle MountainHwy 93 branches northwest south end of Hwy 1 concurrency51 15 52 N 115 55 56 W 51 264565 N 115 932311 W 51 264565 115 932311 TCH 1 east North end of Banff Windermere Highway32 520 2Crosses the Bow River 51 24 08 N 116 09 32 W 51 402339 N 116 159023 W 51 402339 116 159023 Bow River Lake Louise35 522 1 nbsp Hwy 1A east Bow Valley Parkway Lake Louise Drive51 25 34 N 116 10 24 W 51 426110 N 116 173373 W 51 426110 116 173373 Lake Louise 38 223 7 nbsp Hwy 1 TCH west Yoho National Park Field GoldenHwy 93 branches north North end of Hwy 1 concurrency51 26 29 N 116 12 04 W 51 441419 N 116 201168 W 51 441419 116 201168 TCH 1 west Icefields Parkway begins National Park pass required38 924 2Park gate51 26 40 N 116 12 33 W 51 444582 N 116 209127 W 51 444582 116 209127 South Park Gate 71 044 1Crowfoot Glacier roadside pullout 51 39 50 N 116 26 23 W 51 663857 N 116 439681 W 51 663857 116 439681 Crowfoot Glacier 73 545 7unnamed road Bow Lake51 40 56 N 116 27 43 W 51 682351 N 116 461960 W 51 682351 116 461960 Bow Lake 78 448 7Bow Summit 2 069 m 6 788 ft unnamed road Peyto Lake51 43 12 N 116 29 41 W 51 719901 N 116 494699 W 51 719901 116 494699 Bow Summit 108 867 6Mistaya Canyon roadside pullout 51 56 28 N 116 43 02 W 51 941084 N 116 717254 W 51 941084 116 717254 Mistaya Canyon 112 469 8Crosses the North Saskatchewan River 51 58 14 N 116 43 13 W 51 970431 N 116 720373 W 51 970431 116 720373 N Sask River SaskatchewanRiver Crossing114 070 8 nbsp Hwy 11 east Rocky Mountain House Red Deer51 58 24 N 116 44 35 W 51 973260 N 116 742946 W 51 973260 116 742946 Hwy 11 149 693 0Parker Ridge roadside pullout 52 10 37 N 117 03 22 W 52 177048 N 117 055986 W 52 177048 117 055986 Parker Ridge Banff Jasper line 159 198 9Sunwapta Pass 2 030 m 6 660 ft 52 12 50 N 117 09 49 W 52 213759 N 117 163609 W 52 213759 117 163609 Sunwapta Pass JasperColumbia Icefield163 5101 6Icefields Centre Athabasca Glacier52 13 11 N 117 13 29 W 52 219679 N 117 224859 W 52 219679 117 224859 Columbia Icefield 211 9131 7unnamed road Sunwapta Falls52 32 13 N 117 38 28 W 52 537049 N 117 641038 W 52 537049 117 641038 Sunwapta Falls 235 3146 2 nbsp Hwy 93A north Athabasca Falls52 40 08 N 117 52 54 W 52 668965 N 117 881529 W 52 668965 117 881529 Athabasca Falls 257 9160 3Crosses the Athabasca River 52 48 43 N 118 02 28 W 52 811830 N 118 041064 W 52 811830 118 041064 Athabasca River 258 7160 7 nbsp Hwy 93A south Marmot Basin52 48 51 N 118 03 02 W 52 814144 N 118 050557 W 52 814144 118 050557 Hwy 93A 259 2161 1Park gate52 49 07 N 118 03 10 W 52 818584 N 118 052744 W 52 818584 118 052744 North Park Gate 263 6163 8Whistlers Road Jasper Skytram52 51 16 N 118 04 41 W 52 854548 N 118 077977 W 52 854548 118 077977 Whistlers Rd 264 0164 0 nbsp Hwy 93A north Jasper52 51 30 N 118 04 46 W 52 858376 N 118 079377 W 52 858376 118 079377 Hwy 93A 264 7164 5Crosses the Miette River 52 51 45 N 118 05 11 W 52 862593 N 118 086487 W 52 862593 118 086487 Miette River Jasper265 4164 9Icefields Parkway ends nbsp nbsp Hwy 16 TCH YH Prince George Kamloops EdmontonConnaught Drive JasperHwy 93 northern terminus52 52 00 N 118 05 36 W 52 866548 N 118 093284 W 52 866548 118 093284 TCH 16 1 000 mi 1 609 km 1 000 km 0 621 mi Concurrency terminus TolledMap all coordinates using OpenStreetMapDownload coordinates as KML GPX all coordinates GPX primary coordinates GPX secondary coordinates nbsp 360 panorama of Mount Amery and the Alexandra River in the Icefields Parkway of Jasper and Banff national parks Low clouds drift along as the morning sun rises over Mount Wilson Highway 93A edit nbsp Highway 93ALocationJasper National ParkSouthern sectionLength24 km 15 mi South end nbsp Hwy 93 near Athabasca FallsNorth end nbsp Hwy 93 near Marmot BasinNorthern sectionLength1 7 km 1 1 mi South end nbsp Hwy 93 near JasperNorth end nbsp Hwy 16 TCH near JasperJust south of Jasper a short spur of the parkway branches off as Highway 93A providing access to businesses on the south side of Jasper and providing an alternative route into the community via Hazel Avenue Another Highway 93A spur farther south is 24 km 15 mi long is along Highway 93 and provides alternative access to viewpoints and other attractions within Jasper National Park Highway 93A south of Jasper is narrow and the pavement uneven with an average limit of 60 km h 37 mph Brush grows up to the side of the highway so animals can be difficult to see See also edit nbsp Roads portalList of Alberta provincial highways Gallery of photographs from the Icefields ParkwayReferences edit Internal Audit and Evaluation Documents Evaluation of Parks Canada s Through Highway Management Parks Canada November 22 2010 Archived from the original on May 14 2016 Retrieved June 22 2016 Alberta Official Road Map Map 2015 ed City of Edmonton Transportation Services for Alberta Culture and Tourism J 2 K 3 L 3 and L 4 a b c d Google October 23 2017 Highway 93 in Alberta Map Google Maps Google Retrieved October 23 2017 Shell British Columbia Alberta Highway Map David Rumsey Map Collection The H M Gousha Company 1956 Retrieved June 23 2016 a b c A brief history of the Icefields Parkway Jasper National Park Parks Canada Agency Government of Canada June 1 2017 Archived from the original on July 23 2017 Retrieved October 23 2017 Banff National Park Park Passes Parks Canada Government of Canada December 3 2014 Archived from the original on April 20 2016 Retrieved April 26 2016 Icefields Parkway Banff National Park Parks Canada Government of Canada April 1 2017 Archived from the original on September 19 2017 Retrieved October 23 2017 External links editBanff National Park Icefields Parkway Jasper National Park Icefields Parkway Icefield Parkway ca Travel Alberta Icefields ParkwayAlberta Highway 93 at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Media from Commons nbsp Travel guides from Wikivoyage Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alberta Highway 93 amp oldid 1169885385, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.