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List of Arctic expeditions

January 01, 1970

This list of Arctic expeditions is a timeline of historic Arctic exploration and explorers of the Arctic.

Gerardus Mercator's 1595 map of the Arctic

15th century edit

16th century edit

 
The death of Willem Barentsz

17th century edit

 
Thomas Button

18th century edit

 
Vasily Chichagov

19th century edit

 
Ferdinand von Wrangel
 
John Rae
 
J. A. D. Jensen
 
Salomon August Andrée

Early Period (1800–1818) edit

Ross, Parry and Franklin (1818–1846) edit

1820s edit

1830s and 1840s edit

Search for Franklin (1846–1857) edit

Nordenskiöld Period (1857–1879) edit

1860s edit

1870s edit

Race for the Pole (1879–1900) edit

  • 1879–1882: Jeannette expedition commanded by George W. De Long attempts to reach the North Pole by sea from the Bering Strait
  • 1880: Henry W. Howgate leads the Howgate Arctic expedition for scientific and geographical exploration of Greenland
  • 1880: Benjamin Leigh Smith's fourth expedition explores the southwestern area of Franz Josef Land
  • 1881–1882: Benjamin Leigh Smith's final expedition is shipwrecked in Franz Josef Land

International Polar Year edit

1890s edit

20th century edit

 
Johan Peter Koch
 
Knud Rasmussen
 
Georgy Ushakov
 
David Scott Cowper

Amundsen and the Heroic Age (1900–1925) edit

Disputed Polar Claims edit

Byrd and the Aircraft Age (1925–1958) edit

Polar Conquest edit

Second International Polar Year edit

Post-War edit

Era of Satellites, Submarines and Icebreakers (1958–onward) edit

  • 1958: USS Nautilus (SSN-571) crosses the Arctic Ocean from the Pacific to the Atlantic beneath the polar sea ice, reaching the North Pole on 3 August 1958
  • 1959: Discoverer 1, a prototype with no camera, is the first satellite in polar orbit[10]
  • 1959: USS Skate (SSN-578) becomes first submarine to surface at the North Pole on 17 March 1959
  • 1960: TIROS-1, is the first weather satellite in polar orbit; eventually returned 22,952 cloud cover photos[11]
  • 1968: Ralph Plaisted and three others reach the North Pole by snowmobile and are the first confirmed overland conquest of the Pole
  • 1968–1969: Wally Herbert, British explorer, reaches Pole on foot and traverses the Arctic Ocean
  • 1971: Former football player Tony Dauksza becomes the first person to traverse the Northwest Passage in a canoe
  • 1977: Arktika, nuclear-powered icebreaker, reaches the North Pole
  • 1979–1982: Kenichi Horie in Mermaid, was the first person to sail the Northwest Passage solo
  • 1982: As part of the Transglobe Expedition Sir Ranulph Fiennes and Charles R. Burton cross the Arctic Ocean in a single season
  • 1986: Will Steger and party reach the north pole by dog sled without resupply
  • 1986–1989: David Scott Cowper became the first person to have completed the Northwest Passage single-handed as part of a circumnavigation of the world
  • 1988: Will Steger completes first south–north traverse of Greenland
  • 1988: Soviet–Canadian 1988 Polar Bridge Expedition a group of thirteen Russian and Canadian skiers set out from Siberia skiing to Canada over the North Pole aided by satellites.
  • 1989: Arved Fuchs and Reinhold Messner are the first to reach the South Pole and cross Antarctica (1,750 miles route) with neither animal nor motorised help
  • 1991-1992: Lonnie Dupre completes first west to east winter crossing of arctic Canada traveling by dog team from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska via the northwest passage before turning south ending in Churchill, Manitoba. The 3000-mile journey started in October and ended in April.
  • 1992: Crossing of the Greenland inland ice from east to west by a Japanese expedition led by Kenji Yoshikawa
  • 1993–1994: Pam Flowers dog sledded alone2,500 mi (4,000 km) from Barrow, Alaska, to Repulse Bay (Naujaat), Canada[12]
  • 1994: Shane Lundgren led expedition that began in Moscow and proceeded north of the Arctic Circle across Siberia to Magadan
  • 1995: Marek Kamiński and Wojciech Moskal reached the North Pole on 23 May 1995 (27 December 1995, Marek Kamiński reached the South Pole alone)
  • 1997: Børge Ousland completed the first unsupported solo crossing of the Antarctic

21st century edit

 
Fiann Paul, Alex Gregory and Carlo Facchino ocean rowing aboard Polar Row.

See also edit

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ E. C. Coleman (2006). The Royal Navy in Polar Exploration: From Frobisher to Ross. Tempus. pp. 65–77. ISBN 9780752436609. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
  2. ^ Roots, Fred (14 March 2017). "Why the North Pole matters: An important history of challenges and global fascination". Canadian Geographic. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  3. ^ Beechey, F. W. (1843). A Voyage Of Discovery Towards The North Pole, Performed In His Majesty's Ships Dorothea And Trent, Under The Command Of Captain David Buchan, R. N., 1818. London: Richard Bentley. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
  4. ^ *An Officer Of The Expedition (1821). Letters Written During The Later Voyage Of Discovery In The Western Arctic Sea. London: Sir Richard Phillips And Co. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
  5. ^ "Polar Discovery". Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Retrieved May 20, 2013.
  6. ^ King, Richard (1836). Narrative Of A Journey To The Shores Of The Arctic Ocean In 1833, 1834, and 1835; Under The Command Of Capt. Back, R. N., Volume I. London: Richard Bentley. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
  7. ^ King, Richard (1836). Narrative Of A Journey To The Shores Of The Arctic Ocean In 1833, 1834, and 1835; Under The Command Of Capt. Back, R. N., Volume II. London: Richard Bentley. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
  8. ^ Sonntag, August (1865). Professor Sonntag's Thrilling Narrative Of The Grinnell Exploring Expedition To The Arctic Ocean In The Years 1853, 1854, and 1855 In Search of Sir John Franklin, Under The Command of Dr. E. K. Kane, U.S.N. Philadelphia: Jas. T. Lloyd & Co. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
  9. ^ "Charles Everett Ranlett Papers". Williams College Archives and Special Collections. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  10. ^ Discoverer 1
  11. ^ . NASA. Archived from the original on May 11, 2012.
  12. ^ Alone Across The Arctic
  13. ^ "Jean Lemire Chief of mission". 1000jours.canald.com. Canal D. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  14. ^ Dougary, Ginny (May 20, 2003). "Pen Hadow makes history by walking solo to the North Pole". The Times. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
  15. ^ "Polar Row". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  16. ^ "Freezing Temps and Rotting Hands: Speaking With the Men of the Record-Breaking Polar Row Expedition". Men's Journal. Retrieved 2017-10-05.

January 01, 1970
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This list of Arctic expeditions is a timeline of historic Arctic exploration and explorers of the Arctic Gerardus Mercator s 1595 map of the Arctic Contents 1 15th century 2 16th century 3 17th century 4 18th century 5 19th century 5 1 Early Period 1800 1818 5 2 Ross Parry and Franklin 1818 1846 5 2 1 1820s 5 2 2 1830s and 1840s 5 3 Search for Franklin 1846 1857 5 4 Nordenskiold Period 1857 1879 5 4 1 1860s 5 4 2 1870s 5 5 Race for the Pole 1879 1900 5 5 1 International Polar Year 5 5 2 1890s 6 20th century 6 1 Amundsen and the Heroic Age 1900 1925 6 1 1 Disputed Polar Claims 6 2 Byrd and the Aircraft Age 1925 1958 6 2 1 Polar Conquest 6 2 2 Second International Polar Year 6 2 3 Post War 6 3 Era of Satellites Submarines and Icebreakers 1958 onward 7 21st century 8 See also 9 Footnotes15th century edit1472 Didrik Pining and Hans Pothorst mark the first of the cartographic expeditions to Greenland 1496 Grigoriy Istoma ru venturing out of the White Sea travels along the Murman Coast and the coast of northern Norway16th century edit nbsp The death of Willem Barentsz 1553 English expedition led by Hugh Willoughby with Richard Chancellor as second in command searches for the Northeast Passage 1557 English expedition led by Stephen Borough reaches the Kara Strait 1576 1578 English expeditions led by Martin Frobisher reach Baffin Island 1579 Danish Norwegian expedition led by James Alday fails to reach Greenland due to ice 1580 English expedition led by Arthur Pet and Charles Jackman reaches the Kara Sea 1581 Danish Norwegian expedition led by Magnus Heinason fails to reach Greenland due to ice 1585 1587 English expeditions led by John Davis explore the Davis Strait Baffin Bay region and reach Upernavik 1594 Dutch expedition led by Willem Barentsz Cornelis Nay and Brandt Tetgales reaches the Kara Sea via Yugorsky Strait 1595 Dutch expedition led by Cornelis Nay fails to make further progress towards a Northeast Passage than in the previous year 1596 1597 Dutch expedition piloted by Willem Barentsz discovers Spitsbergen and registered the first recorded Farthest North17th century edit nbsp Thomas Button 1605 1607 Danish Norwegian king Christian IV of Denmark sends three expeditions led by John Cunningham Godske Lindenov and Carsten Richardson all piloted by James Hall to search for the lost Eastern Settlement one of the Norse colonies on Greenland 1606 John Knight who had captained the Katten in 1605 with John Cunningham dies commanding a joint Muscovy Company East India Company expedition in search of the Northwest Passage 1607 Henry Hudson explores Spitsbergen 1608 Henry Hudson gets as far as Novaya Zemlya in his attempt to find the Northeast Passage 1609 another unsuccessful attempt by Henry Hudson at finding the Northeast Passage 1610 Jonas Poole thoroughly explores Spitsbergen s west coast reporting that he saw a great store of whales this report leads to the establishment of the English whaling trade 1610 Russian Kondratiy Kurochkin explores the mouth of the Yenisei River and the adjoining coast 1610 1611 Henry Hudson reaches Hudson Bay in an attempt to find the Northwest Passage 1612 James Hall and William Baffin explore southwest Greenland 1612 1613 Button expedition commanded by Thomas Button in search of the Northwest Passage 1613 Several whaling expeditions consisting of a total of at least thirty ships from England France Spain and the Netherlands crowd Spitsbergen s west coast 1614 Dutch and French expeditions discover Jan Mayen 1615 Robert Fotherby in the pinnace Richard is the first English expedition to reach Jan Mayen 1615 English expedition captained by Robert Bylot and piloted by William Baffin reaches the Foxe Basin in search of the Northwest Passage 1616 English expedition captained by Robert Bylot and piloted by William Baffin explores the Davis Strait Baffin Bay region 1619 1620 Danish Norwegian expedition led by Jens Munk in Enhiorningen Unicorn and Lamprenen Lamprey to discover the Northwest Passage penetrated Davis Strait as far north as 69 found Frobisher Bay spent a winter in Hudson Bay 1633 1634 I Rebrov explores the mouth of the Lena River 1633 1635 Ilya Perfilyev explores the Lena and Yana Rivers and intervening coast 1638 I Rebrov explores coast between the Lena and Indigirka Rivers 1641 Dimitry Zyryan and Mikhail Stadukhin explore the mouth of the Indigirka River and adjoining coast 1646 I Ignatyev explores the mouth of the Kolyma River and adjoining coast 1648 Ya Semyonov explores the mouth of Kotuy River and adjoining coast 1648 Semyon Dezhnev and Fedot Alekseyevich Popov explore from the Kolyma River through the Bering Strait 1649 Mikhail Stadukhin explores the coast from the Kolyma River to the Bering Strait 1676 English expedition led by John Wood fails to find the Northeast Passage 1686 1687 Ivan Tolstoukhov expedition explores the mouth of the Yenisey River and the coast of the Taymyr Peninsula18th century edit nbsp Vasily Chichagov 1712 Merkury Vagin and Yakov Permyakov explore the vicinity of the mouth of the Yana River and adjoining coasts both were murdered by mutineering expedition members 1725 1730 Vitus Bering leads the First Kamchatka expedition 1728 Claus Paarss attempts to cross Greenland s interior from the west in search of the old Norse Eastern Settlement 1733 1743 Second Kamchatka expedition explores the north coast of Russia and discovers Alaska 1751 Lars Dalager attempts to find the lost Eastern Settlement by crossing Greenland s ice sheet from the west 1751 1753 Peder Olsen Walloe explores the east coast of Greenland from Cape Farewell in umiaks 1760 1763 S F Loshkin explores Novaya Zemlya 1765 1766 Vasily Chichagov explores the Kola Peninsula coast and Spitzbergen 1768 1769 F F Rozmyslov explores Novaya Zemlya and the Matochkin Strait 1770 1771 Samuel Hearne traces the Coppermine River to the Arctic Ocean 1773 Ivan Lyakhov discovered Kotelny Island 1773 The Phipps expedition towards the North Pole reaches 80 37 N north of Spitsbergen 1 This was the first Arctic expedition to carry out scientific research 2 1776 1780 James Cook charts the northwestern coast of America and sails through the Bering Strait during his third voyage in search of the Northwest Passage 1785 1794 Russian expedition led by Joseph Billings explores Eastern Siberia the Aleutian Islands and the west coast of Alaska 1789 Alexander Mackenzie traces the Mackenzie River to the Arctic Ocean19th century edit nbsp Ferdinand von Wrangel nbsp John Rae nbsp J A D Jensen nbsp Salomon August Andree Early Period 1800 1818 edit 1800 Yakov Sannikov charts Stolbovoy Island 1809 1811 Yakov Sannikov and Matvei Gedenschtrom explore the New Siberian Islands 1815 1818 Otto von Kotzebue explores the Bering Strait during the Rurik expedition Ross Parry and Franklin 1818 1846 edit 1818 Royal Navy expedition led by captain David Buchan sails north from Spitsbergen 3 1818 Royal Navy expedition led by John Ross with his nephew James Clark Ross sails north along the west coast of Greenland to Pituffik in search of the Northwest Passage and encounters the Inughuit Greenlandic Inuit of Cape York 1819 Royal Navy expedition aboard HMS Hecla and HMS Griper led by William Edward Parry in search of the Northwest Passage 4 1819 1822 The Coppermine expedition in northern Canada led by John Franklin includes George Back and John Richardson 1820s edit 1820 1824 Ferdinand von Wrangel and Fyodor Matyushkin explore the East Siberian Sea and the Chukchi Sea areas 1821 1824 Fyodor Litke explores the eastern Barents Sea and the west coast of Novaya Zemlya including Matochkin Strait 1821 1823 Pyotr Anjou continues exploration of New Siberian Islands 1822 William Scoresby lands in east Greenland near the mouth of the fjord system that would later be named for him Scoresby Sound 1823 Douglas Clavering and Edward Sabine explore East Greenland northwards to Clavering Island where they get in contact with the now extinct Inuit of Northeast Greenland 1825 1827 The Mackenzie River expedition descends the Mackenzie River and maps much of the Arctic coast 1826 Frederick William Beechey aboard HMS Blossom explores the Alaskan coast from Point Barrow to the Bering Strait 1827 First Norwegian expedition to the Arctic led by Baltazar Mathias Keilhau 1827 Royal Navy expedition to Spitsbergen led by William Edward Parry reaches 82 45 N 5 1828 1830 Danish expedition led by Wilhelm August Graah tries to locate the Eastern Settlement in southeast Greenland but does not reach Ammassalik Island 1829 1833 Royal Navy expedition led by John Ross to search for the Northwest Passage explores James Ross Strait and King William Land locates the North Magnetic Pole 1830s and 1840s edit 1832 1835 Pyotr Pakhtusov explores the southern half of the eastern coast of Novaya Zemlya 1833 1835 Royal Navy expedition led by George Back from Fort Reliance to the mouth of the Back River at Chantrey Inlet 6 1836 George Back attempts to ascertain if Boothia Peninsula is an island or a peninsula but his ship HMS Terror is trapped by ice near Southampton Island 7 1837 Karl Ernst von Baer leads a natural history expedition to Novaya Zemlya 1838 1839 Avgust Tsivolko leads an expedition to Novaya Zemlya primarily for surveying 1838 1840 La Recherche expedition under the command of Joseph Paul Gaimard a scientific venture to explore the islands in the North Atlantic 1845 Franklin s Northwest Passage expedition is sent to map the remaining Northwest Passage Search for Franklin 1846 1857 edit 1848 John Richardson and John Rae lead the Rae Richardson Arctic expedition and search overland for Franklin s lost expedition 1849 Henry Kellett discovers Herald Island searching for Franklin s lost expedition 1850 1854 McClure Arctic expedition led by Robert McClure a British search for the members of Franklin s lost expedition 1850 1851 First Grinnell expedition led by Edwin De Haven the first American search for the members of Franklin s lost expedition finds the graves of crew members John Torrington William Braine and John Hartnell on Beechey Island 1851 William Kennedy leads a search expedition for Franklin in the Prince Albert sponsored by Lady Franklin 1852 Edward Augustus Inglefield sets out to search for Franklin s ill fated expedition in the Isabel also sponsored by Jane Franklin 1853 1855 Second Grinnell expedition led by Elisha Kane looks for Franklin searching Grinnell Land 8 1857 1859 McClintock Arctic expedition led by Francis Leopold McClintock is the fifth expedition sponsored by Lady Franklin and finds artefacts a crew member s skeleton and the final written communications from the last survivors of the Franklin expedition Nordenskiold Period 1857 1879 edit 1858 Swedish expedition to Spitsbergen led by Otto Martin Torell 1860s edit 1860 Paul A Chadbourne a Williams College professor conducts the Williams College Lyceum of Natural History expedition to Greenland 9 1860 1861 American Arctic Expedition led by Isaac Israel Hayes who claims to see the Open Polar Sea 1860 1862 First expedition led by American Charles Francis Hall searching for Franklin 1861 Swedish expedition to Svalbard led by Otto Martin Torell explores Hinlopen Strait and the north coast of Nordaustlandet 1861 1862 Otto Paul von Krusenstern s expedition through the Kara Sea on the Yermak 1864 Swedish expedition to Svalbard led by Adolf Erik Nordenskiold 1864 1869 Charles Francis Hall leads his second expedition to determine the fate of Franklin to King William Island 1867 Edward Whymper and Robert Brown attempt to explore the inland ice of Greenland 1868 First German North Polar Expedition led by Carl Koldewey along the east coast of Greenland 1868 Swedish expedition led by Adolf Erik Nordenskiold attempts farthest north from Svalbard 1869 1870 Second German North Polar Expedition Germania and Hansa led by Carl Koldewey reaches Sabine Island 1870s edit 1870 Adolf Erik Nordenskiold leads a short journey on the inland ice of Western Greenland 1871 Benjamin Leigh Smith s first expedition explores the northeastern boundary of Svalbard 1871 1873 Polaris expedition known for the death of its commander Charles Francis Hall 1872 Benjamin Leigh Smith returns to Svalbard in his second expedition 1872 1873 Swedish expedition to Svalbard led by Adolf Erik Nordenskiold winters at Mosselbukta 1872 1874 Austro Hungarian North Pole expedition led by Captain Karl Weyprecht discovers Franz Josef Land 1873 Benjamin Leigh Smith comes to Nordenskiold s aid in Spitsbergen 1875 Adolf Erik Nordenskiold is the first to reach the Yenisey by sea 1875 1876 British Arctic Expedition led by Captain George Nares 1876 Adolf Erik Nordenskiold repeats his voyage to the Yenisey 1876 1878 Norwegian Northern Seas expedition in Voringen explored the Northern Atlantic up to 80 N 1877 1878 Henry W Howgate leads the Howgate Preliminary Polar Expedition to promote scientific experiments and whaling as a source of revenue 1878 J A D Jensen explores the inland ice sheet from west Greenland 1878 1881 different voyages with Dutch polar schooner Willem Barents in the area around Spitsbergen and Novaya Zemlya organised by the Royal Dutch Geographical Society 1878 1879 Swedish Vega expedition led by Adolf Erik Nordenskiold completes the Northeast Passage Race for the Pole 1879 1900 edit 1879 1882 Jeannette expedition commanded by George W De Long attempts to reach the North Pole by sea from the Bering Strait 1880 Henry W Howgate leads the Howgate Arctic expedition for scientific and geographical exploration of Greenland 1880 Benjamin Leigh Smith s fourth expedition explores the southwestern area of Franz Josef Land 1881 1882 Benjamin Leigh Smith s final expedition is shipwrecked in Franz Josef Land International Polar Year edit 1881 1884 Lady Franklin Bay Expedition US Army Signal Corps expedition led by Adolphus Greely 1882 1883 The Danish Dijmphna expedition travels to the territory between Russia and the North Pole 1883 1885 Umiak expedition led by Gustav Frederik Holm and Thomas Vilhelm Garde along the southeastern coast of Greenland in the shallow waters between the coast and the sea ice 1883 Failed attempt by Adolf Erik Nordenskiold to cross Greenland from the west 1886 Failed attempt by Robert Peary to cross Greenland 1888 1889 First successful crossing of the Greenland inland ice by the Norwegian expedition led by Fridtjof Nansen from east to west 1890s edit 1891 1892 The East Greenland expedition on the Hekla led by Carl Ryder fails to get through the sea ice of east Greenland but explores the Scoresby Sound system in detail 1891 1892 Second Peary expedition to Greenland led by Peary to discover if Greenland is an island or a peninsula 1892 Bjorling Kallstenius Expedition led by Alfred Bjorling was eventually wrecked on the Carey Islands 1893 1895 Third US Greenland expedition led by Peary 1893 1896 Nansen s Fram expedition by Fridtjof Nansen and Hjalmar Johansen on the Fram and over ice towards the North Pole 1894 Failed attempt by Walter Wellman to reach the North Pole from Svalbard 1894 1897 Jackson Harmsworth expedition led by Frederick George Jackson explores Franz Josef Land hoping in vain to find more land polewards 1895 1896 Ingolf expedition hydrographical and biological studies in the waters around Greenland Iceland and Jan Mayen 1897 Salomon August Andree leads a failed three man Arctic balloon expedition in an attempt to reach the Pole Andree along with Knut Fraenkel and Nils Strindberg die 1898 1899 Failed attempt by Walter Wellman to reach the North Pole from Franz Josef Land 1898 1902 Second Fram voyage by Otto Sverdrup explores the North American Arctic around Ellesmere Island 1898 1902 Peary s Sixth Expedition and first attempt at the North Pole 1898 1900 The Carlsbergfund expedition to East Greenland led by Georg Carl Amdrup explores the Blosseville Coast 1899 Alfred Gabriel Nathorst explores the fjords of northeast Greenland in particular the King Oscar Fjord system 1898 1902 The Swedish Russian Arc of Meridian Expedition measures a meridian arc in Svalbard throughout five summer seasons and one winter season 1899 1900 Italian North Pole expedition led by Prince Luigi Amedeo Duke of the Abruzzi on the renamed Stella Polare captained by Umberto Cagni20th century edit nbsp Johan Peter Koch nbsp Knud Rasmussen nbsp Georgy Ushakov nbsp David Scott Cowper Amundsen and the Heroic Age 1900 1925 edit 1898 1899 1906 1907 Albert I Prince of Monaco leads four Arctic expeditions with Princesse Alice 1900 1903 Russian polar expedition of 1900 1902 on board Zarya is led by Eduard Toll 1901 1902 Baldwin Ziegler Polar Expedition financed by US industrialist William Ziegler led by Evelyn Baldwin 1902 1904 The Literary expedition led by Ludvig Mylius Erichsen together with Knud Rasmussen explores the northwest Greenland coast between Uummannaq and Thule 1903 1906 Roald Amundsen s Gjoa expedition first Northwest Passage traversal 1903 1905 Ziegler Polar Expedition overland led by Anthony Fiala 1905 1906 North Pole expedition led by Robert Peary from Ellesmere Island 1906 1908 The Danmark Expedition led by Ludvig Mylius Erichsen mapped the last unknown areas of Northeast Greenland but ended fatally for the main exploring team 1906 1907 1909 The airship America and Walter Wellman 1906 1908 Anglo American Polar expedition Ejnar Mikkelsen Ernest de Koven Leffingwell expedition 1907 Johan Peter Koch and Aage Bertelsen report seeing Fata Morgana Land a phantom island off the coast of northeast Greenland Disputed Polar Claims edit 1907 1909 US North Pole expedition led by Frederick Cook claims to be the first to reach the pole 1908 expedition led by Charles Benard explores Novaya Zemlya 1908 1909 expedition led by Robert Peary also claims reaching the North Pole first 1909 1912 The Alabama expedition to northeast Greenland led by Ejnar Mikkelsen in an operation to recover bodies and logs of the ill fated Danmark expedition 1910 1915 Russian Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition in Taymyr and Vaygach 1912 First Thule expedition Knud Rasmussen and Peter Freuchen explores North Greenland and establishes that Peary Land is not an island 1912 Swiss expedition led by Alfred de Quervain crosses Greenland by dog sled 1912 1913 Danish Expedition to Queen Louise Land Johan Peter Koch and Alfred Wegener cross the inland ice in north Greenland 1912 1914 Brusilov Expedition ill fated expedition led by Captain Georgy Brusilov 1912 1914 Russian expedition aboard Foka led by Georgy Sedov 1913 Crocker Land Expedition to search for Crocker Island a hoax reported by Robert Peary 1913 1918 Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913 1916 led by Vilhjalmur Stefansson initially in HMCS Karluk which was lost in 1913 and explored land that was unknown to the Inuit 1916 1918 Second Thule expedition Knud Rasmussen and Lauge Koch explore North Greenland 1918 1925 Roald Amundsen traverses the Northeast Passage with Maud 1919 Third Thule expedition Knud Rasmussen explores north Greenland and lays out depots for Roald Amundsen s polar drift in Maud 1919 1920 Fourth Thule expedition Knud Rasmussen explores east Greenland 1921 1923 Bicentenary Jubilee expedition led by Lauge Koch explores north Greenland 1921 1923 Wrangel Island Expedition a land claim and colonisation attempt conceived but not led by Vilhjalmur Stefansson all members die apart from Inupiat seamstress and cook Ada Blackjack 1921 1924 Fifth Thule expedition led by Knud Rasmussen crossing the Northwest Passage on dog sledges from Thule across Arctic Canada to Nome Alaska demonstrates how Inuit culture could spread rapidly 1924 Oxford University Arctic Expedition led by George Binney uses a seaplane to assist in the first traverse of Nordaustlandet Byrd and the Aircraft Age 1925 1958 edit 1925 Flying boat expedition led by Roald Amundsen and Lincoln Ellsworth 1926 Aircraft flight by Richard E Byrd and Floyd Bennett Polar Conquest edit 1926 The airship Norge Roald Amundsen Umberto Nobile and Lincoln Ellsworth becomes the first verified trip to the North Pole 1928 Carl Ben Eielson Hubert Wilkins Arctic Ocean crossing 1928 The airship Italia Umberto Nobile airship crashed but Nobile was rescued 1928 Roald Amundsen disappears in the Arctic aboard a Latham 47 while searching for Nobile 1928 Marion expedition to Davis Strait and Baffin Bay 1930 1931 Alfred Wegener s German Greenland Expedition that led to his death on the Greenland ice sheet halfway between Eismitte and West Camp 1930 Bratvaag Expedition led by Gunnar Horn to Franz Josef Land found long lost remains of Salomon August Andree s expedition 1930 1931 British Arctic Air Route Expedition was an expedition led by Gino Watkins that aimed to draw improved maps and charts of poorly surveyed sections of Greenland s coastline 1931 Successful research trip by airship Graf Zeppelin led by Hugo Eckener 1931 Sir Hubert Wilkins with submarine Nautilus failed 800 km 500 mi south of the pole 1931 Sixth Thule expedition led by Knud Rasmussen explores northeast Greenland 1931 Arne Hoygaard and Martin Mehren cross Greenland by dog sled 1931 1934 The three year expedition to East Greenland led by Lauge Koch explores northeast Greenland Second International Polar Year edit 1932 Icebreaker A Sibiryakov makes the successful crossing of the Northern Sea Route in a single navigation without wintering 1932 1933 East Greenland expedition also known as the Pan Am expedition a four man expedition to continue the work of the British Arctic Air Route Expedition 1932 1933 Dalstroy expedition to the Kolyma River in a convoy headed by the icebreaker Fyodor Litke 1933 Russian steamship SS Chelyuskin managed to get through most of the Northern Route before it was caught in the ice in September 1934 British Trans Greenland Expedition led by Martin Lindsay 1935 Ushakov Island the last piece of undiscovered territory in the Soviet Arctic was found by Georgy Ushakov aboard the Sadko 1935 French expedition led by Paul Emile Victor crosses Greenland by dog sled 1937 Soviet aircraft Tupolev ANT 25 made several transpolar flights 1937 Soviet and Russian manned drifting ice stations are as of 2017 41 scientific drift stations operating or were operating on drift ice 1937 1938 MacGregor Arctic Expedition was led by Clifford J MacGregor and overwintered at Etah Greenland 1938 1939 Morkefjord expedition was an exploratory expedition to northeast Greenland led by Eigil Knuth Post War edit 1946 Operation Nanook was a US cartographic mission to Thule and to erect a radio and weather station 1948 Russian scientific expedition led by Aleksandr Kuznetsov lands an aircraft at Pole 1952 1954 British North Greenland expedition was a British scientific mission led by Commander James Simpson 1955 Cross polar flight by Louise Arner Boyd Era of Satellites Submarines and Icebreakers 1958 onward edit 1958 USS Nautilus SSN 571 crosses the Arctic Ocean from the Pacific to the Atlantic beneath the polar sea ice reaching the North Pole on 3 August 1958 1959 Discoverer 1 a prototype with no camera is the first satellite in polar orbit 10 1959 USS Skate SSN 578 becomes first submarine to surface at the North Pole on 17 March 1959 1960 TIROS 1 is the first weather satellite in polar orbit eventually returned 22 952 cloud cover photos 11 1968 Ralph Plaisted and three others reach the North Pole by snowmobile and are the first confirmed overland conquest of the Pole 1968 1969 Wally Herbert British explorer reaches Pole on foot and traverses the Arctic Ocean 1971 Former football player Tony Dauksza becomes the first person to traverse the Northwest Passage in a canoe 1977 Arktika nuclear powered icebreaker reaches the North Pole 1979 1982 Kenichi Horie in Mermaid was the first person to sail the Northwest Passage solo 1982 As part of the Transglobe Expedition Sir Ranulph Fiennes and Charles R Burton cross the Arctic Ocean in a single season 1986 Will Steger and party reach the north pole by dog sled without resupply 1986 1989 David Scott Cowper became the first person to have completed the Northwest Passage single handed as part of a circumnavigation of the world 1988 Will Steger completes first south north traverse of Greenland 1988 Soviet Canadian 1988 Polar Bridge Expedition a group of thirteen Russian and Canadian skiers set out from Siberia skiing to Canada over the North Pole aided by satellites 1989 Arved Fuchs and Reinhold Messner are the first to reach the South Pole and cross Antarctica 1 750 miles route with neither animal nor motorised help 1991 1992 Lonnie Dupre completes first west to east winter crossing of arctic Canada traveling by dog team from Prudhoe Bay Alaska via the northwest passage before turning south ending in Churchill Manitoba The 3000 mile journey started in October and ended in April 1992 Crossing of the Greenland inland ice from east to west by a Japanese expedition led by Kenji Yoshikawa 1993 1994 Pam Flowers dog sledded alone2 500 mi 4 000 km from Barrow Alaska to Repulse Bay Naujaat Canada 12 1994 Shane Lundgren led expedition that began in Moscow and proceeded north of the Arctic Circle across Siberia to Magadan 1995 Marek Kaminski and Wojciech Moskal reached the North Pole on 23 May 1995 27 December 1995 Marek Kaminski reached the South Pole alone 1997 Borge Ousland completed the first unsupported solo crossing of the Antarctic21st century edit nbsp Fiann Paul Alex Gregory and Carlo Facchino ocean rowing aboard Polar Row 2000 Ukrainian parachute expedition to the North Pole 2001 Lonnie Dupre with teammate John Holescher complete the first circumnavigation of Greenland a 6 500 mile all non motorized journey by kayak and dog team citation needed 2002 Jean Lemire and the crew of the Sedna IV successfully navigate the Northwest Passage on a three mast schooner sailing from Montreal to Vancouver in five months while filming La grande traversee and four other documentaries about the effects of global warming on the Canadian Arctic Archipelago at the time only the seventh sailboat in history to make the legendary Northwest Passage from east to west 13 2003 Pen Hadow makes solo trek from Canada to North Pole without resupply 14 2004 Five members of the Ice Warrior Squad reach the Geomagnetic North Pole including the first two women in history to do so citation needed 2006 Start of the French Tara expedition 2007 Arktika 2007 Russian submersible descends to the ocean floor below the North Pole from the Akademik Fyodorov 2007 Top Gear Polar Special BBC s Top Gear team are the first to reach the magnetic North Pole in a car 2007 The Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition uses Mars analog sites on Svalbard for testing of science questions and payload instruments onboard Mars missions 2008 Alex Hibbert and George Bullard complete the Tiso Trans Greenland expedition The longest fully unsupported land Arctic journey in history at 1 374 mi 2 211 km citation needed 2009 David Scott Cowper becomes the only person to have sailed the Northwest Passage solo in a single season citation needed 2011 MLAE 2011 led by Vasily Igorevich Yelagin travelled from Dudinka Russia North Pole Resolute Nunavut Canada 2011 Old Pulteney Row To The Pole a publicity stunt sponsored by Old Pulteney whisky organised by Jock Wishart who also operated the Polar Race 2015 Interdisciplinary Arctic Expedition Kartesh complex arctic expedition organized by the Polar Expedition Gallery project later rebranded as Polar Expedition Kartesh in collaboration with the LMSU Marine Research Center Research tasks assessing the Arctic coastline vulnerability towards human impact marine and coastal ecosystem and Arctic seas landform condition monitoring West Arctic biodiversity research oil oxidizing microorganism activity research testing new methods of water areas remote sensing citation needed 2017 Polar Row led by Fiann Paul is the world s most record breaking expedition 14 Guinness World Records The team covered 1440 miles measured in a straight line in the Arctic Ocean open waters in a row boat and pioneered ocean rowing routes from Tromso to Longyearbyen from Longyearbyen to Arctic Ice Pack 79º55 500 N and from the Arctic ice pack to Jan Mayen 15 16 2019 MOSAiC Expedition under the direction of the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research with 300 scientists from 20 nations on board the German ice breaker Polarstern to collect data about the ocean the ice the atmosphere and life in the Arctic in order to understand climate changeSee also editList of Antarctic expeditions List of firsts at the Geographic North PoleFootnotes edit E C Coleman 2006 The Royal Navy in Polar Exploration From Frobisher to Ross Tempus pp 65 77 ISBN 9780752436609 Retrieved 22 October 2012 Roots Fred 14 March 2017 Why the North Pole matters An important history of challenges and global fascination Canadian Geographic Retrieved 15 August 2023 Beechey F W 1843 A Voyage Of Discovery Towards The North Pole Performed In His Majesty s Ships Dorothea And Trent Under The Command Of Captain David Buchan R N 1818 London Richard Bentley Retrieved 2009 08 15 An Officer Of The Expedition 1821 Letters Written During The Later Voyage Of Discovery In The Western Arctic Sea London Sir Richard Phillips And Co Retrieved 2009 08 15 Polar Discovery Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Retrieved May 20 2013 King Richard 1836 Narrative Of A Journey To The Shores Of The Arctic Ocean In 1833 1834 and 1835 Under The Command Of Capt Back R N Volume I London Richard Bentley Retrieved 2009 08 15 King Richard 1836 Narrative Of A Journey To The Shores Of The Arctic Ocean In 1833 1834 and 1835 Under The Command Of Capt Back R N Volume II London Richard Bentley Retrieved 2009 08 15 Sonntag August 1865 Professor Sonntag s Thrilling Narrative Of The Grinnell Exploring Expedition To The Arctic Ocean In The Years 1853 1854 and 1855 In Search of Sir John Franklin Under The Command of Dr E K Kane U S N Philadelphia Jas T Lloyd amp Co Retrieved 2009 08 15 Charles Everett Ranlett Papers Williams College Archives and Special Collections Retrieved October 7 2020 Discoverer 1 POES Project Timeline NASA Archived from the original on May 11 2012 Alone Across The Arctic Jean Lemire Chief of mission 1000jours canald com Canal D Retrieved 27 January 2019 Dougary Ginny May 20 2003 Pen Hadow makes history by walking solo to the North Pole The Times Retrieved 15 August 2017 Polar Row Guinness World Records Retrieved 5 October 2019 Freezing Temps and Rotting Hands Speaking With the Men of the Record Breaking Polar Row Expedition Men s Journal Retrieved 2017 10 05 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of Arctic expeditions amp oldid 1220192626 Alabama expedition, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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