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African popular music (also styled Afropop, Afro-pop or Afro pop), like African traditional music, is vast and varied. Most contemporary genres of African popular music build on cross-pollination with Western popular music. Many genres of popular music like blues, jazz, salsa, zouk, and rumba derive to varying degrees on musical traditions from Africa, taken to the Americas by enslaved Africans. These rhythms and sounds have subsequently been adapted by newer genres like rock, and rhythm and blues. Likewise, African popular music has adopted elements, particularly the musical instruments and recording studio techniques of the Western music industry. The term does not refer to a specific style or sound but is used as a general term for African popular music.[1][2]
Cuban music has been popular in Sub-Saharan Africa since the mid-twentieth century. It was Cuban music, more than any other, that provided the initial template for Afropop. To the Africans, clave-based Cuban popular music sounded both familiar and exotic.[3]The Encyclopedia of Africa v. 1. states:
"Beginning in the 1940s, Afro-Cuban [son] groups such as Septeto Habanero and Trio Matamoros gained widespread popularity in the Congo region as a result of airplay over Radio Congo Belge, a powerful radio station based in Léopoldville (now Kinshasa DRC). A proliferation of music clubs, recording studios, and concert appearances of Cuban bands in Léopoldville spurred on the Cuban music trend during the late 1940s and 1950s."[4]
Congolese bands started doing Cuban covers and singing the lyrics phonetically. Soon, they were creating their own original Cuban-like compositions, with French lyrics. The Congolese called this new music rumba, although it was really based on the son.[clarification needed] The Africans adapted guajeos to electric guitars, and gave them their own regional flavor. The guitar-based music gradually spread out from the Congo, increasingly taking on local sensibilities. This process eventually resulted in the establishment of several different distinct regional genres, such as soukous.[5]
Cuban popular music played a major role in the development of many contemporary genres of African popular music. John Storm Roberts states: "It was the Cuban connection, but increasingly also New Yorksalsa, that provided the major and enduring influences—the ones that went deeper than earlier imitation or passing fashion. The Cuban connection began very early and was to last at least twenty years, being gradually absorbed and re-Africanized."[6] The re-working of Afro-Cuban rhythmic patterns by Africans brings the rhythms full circle.
The re-working of the harmonic patterns reveals a striking difference in perception. The I, IV, V, IV, harmonic progression, commonly used in Cuban music, is heard in pop music all across the African continent, thanks to the influence of Cuban music. Those chords move in accordance with the basic tenets of Western music theory. However, as Gerhard Kubik points out, performers of African popular music do not necessarily perceive these progressions in the same way: "The harmonic cycle of C-F-G-F [I-IV-V-IV] prominent in Congo/Zaire popular music simply cannot be defined as a progression from tonic to subdominant to dominant and back to subdominant (on which it ends) because in the performer's appreciation they are of equal status, and not in any hierarchical order as in Western music."[7]
Abeti Masikini is one of the African female artists who revolutionized African music with her unique blend of rhythms.[8]
The largest wave of Cuban-based music to hit Africa was in the form of salsa. In 1974 the Fania All Stars performed in Zaire (known today as the Democratic Republic of the Congo), Africa, at the 80,000-seat Stadu du Hai in Kinshasa. This was captured on film and released as Live In Africa (Salsa Madness in the UK). The Zairean appearance occurred at a music festival held in conjunction with the Muhammad Ali/George Foremanheavyweight title fight. Local genres were already well established by this time. Even so, salsa caught on in many African countries, especially in the Senegambia and Mali. Cuban music had been the favorite of Senegal's nightspot in the 1950s to 1960s.[9] The Senegalese band Orchestra Baobab plays in a basic salsa style with congas and timbales, but with the addition of Wolof and Mandinka instruments and lyrics.
According to Lise Waxer: "African salsa points not so much to a return of salsa to African soil (Steward 1999: 157) but to a complex process of cultural appropriation between two regions of the so-called Third World."[10] Since the mid-1990s African artists have also been very active through the super-group Africando, where African and New York musicians mix with leading African singers such as Bambino Diabate, Ricardo Lemvo, Ismael Lo and Salif Keita. It is still common today for an African artist to record a salsa tune, and add their own particular regional touch to it.
^Collins, Professor John (2002). "African Popular Music". University of Alberta. from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
^Conteh, Mankaprr; Makinde, Tami; Miya, Madzadza; Saraki, Seni; Wangeci, Tela (28 December 2022). "The 40 Best Afropop Songs of 2022". Rolling Stone. from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
^Nigerian musician Segun Bucknor: "Latin American music and our music is virtually the same"—quoted by Collins 1992 p. 62
^Roberts, John Storm. Afro-Cuban Comes Home: The Birth and Growth of Congo Music. Original Music cassette tape (1986).
^Roberts 1986. 20: 50. Afro-Cuban Comes Home: The Birth and Growth of Congo Music.
^Kubik 1999 p. 105. Africa and the Blues. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN1-57806-145-8.
^"Musique: 20 ans après… pourquoi pas Abeti Masikini?" [Music: 20 years later… why not Abeti Masikini?]. www.mediacongo.net (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 23 September 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
^Stapleton 1990 116-117. African Rock: The Pop Music of a Continent. New York: Dutton.
^Waxer 2002 p. 12. Situating Salsa: Global Markets and Local Meanings in Latin Popular Music. Routledge. ISBN0-8153-4020-6
^Mhabela, Sabelo (2017). "The 10 Best 'African Trap Music' Songs". Okay Africa. from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
^Allen, Jeffery (14 August 2023). "AfroJazz Fest will showcase African, Caribbean cultures at annual Milton event". Inside Halton. from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
^Konan, Aude (2016). "MHD and France's "Afro Trap" Phenomenon". Okay Africa. from the original on 1 January 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
^Zeeman, Kyle (2019). "Toya Delazy is creating her own genre called Afro-rave, and she says it's the future". Times Live. from the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
^Okay Africa (2014). "Kilalaky: The Dance Craze of Madagascar". Okay Africa. from the original on 22 February 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
^Ade-Peter, Dennis; Oloworekende, Wale (2021). "Sounds From This Side: Street Pop". The Native Mag. from the original on 2 September 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
Miriam Makeba, live on Ce soir à Cannes, 18 May 1963 - Qongqothwane "The Click Song" (Spiked Candy, 2020)
AfroPoP: The Ultimate Cultural Exchange, ‧Documentary,15 seasons - ( Black Public Media, 2008)
February 15, 2024
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Afropop redirects here For the radio program see Afropop Worldwide This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article s lead section contains information that is not included elsewhere in the article If the information is appropriate for the lead of the article this information should also be included in the body of the article August 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources African popular music news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message African popular music also styled Afropop Afro pop or Afro pop like African traditional music is vast and varied Most contemporary genres of African popular music build on cross pollination with Western popular music Many genres of popular music like blues jazz salsa zouk and rumba derive to varying degrees on musical traditions from Africa taken to the Americas by enslaved Africans These rhythms and sounds have subsequently been adapted by newer genres like rock and rhythm and blues Likewise African popular music has adopted elements particularly the musical instruments and recording studio techniques of the Western music industry The term does not refer to a specific style or sound but is used as a general term for African popular music 1 2 South African isicathamiya choral vocal group Solomon Linda s Original Evening Birds pictured in 1941 most famed for their song Mbube the origin of The Lion King s song The Lion Sleeps Tonight Contents 1 Influence of Afro Cuban music 2 Genres 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksInfluence of Afro Cuban music edit nbsp Orchestra BaobabSee also Afro genre Cuban music has been popular in Sub Saharan Africa since the mid twentieth century It was Cuban music more than any other that provided the initial template for Afropop To the Africans clave based Cuban popular music sounded both familiar and exotic 3 The Encyclopedia of Africa v 1 states Beginning in the 1940s Afro Cuban son groups such as Septeto Habanero and Trio Matamoros gained widespread popularity in the Congo region as a result of airplay over Radio Congo Belge a powerful radio station based in Leopoldville now Kinshasa DRC A proliferation of music clubs recording studios and concert appearances of Cuban bands in Leopoldville spurred on the Cuban music trend during the late 1940s and 1950s 4 Congolese bands started doing Cuban covers and singing the lyrics phonetically Soon they were creating their own original Cuban like compositions with French lyrics The Congolese called this new music rumba although it was really based on the son clarification needed The Africans adapted guajeos to electric guitars and gave them their own regional flavor The guitar based music gradually spread out from the Congo increasingly taking on local sensibilities This process eventually resulted in the establishment of several different distinct regional genres such as soukous 5 nbsp A Congolese rumba group performing in LeopoldvilleCuban popular music played a major role in the development of many contemporary genres of African popular music John Storm Roberts states It was the Cuban connection but increasingly also New York salsa that provided the major and enduring influences the ones that went deeper than earlier imitation or passing fashion The Cuban connection began very early and was to last at least twenty years being gradually absorbed and re Africanized 6 The re working of Afro Cuban rhythmic patterns by Africans brings the rhythms full circle The re working of the harmonic patterns reveals a striking difference in perception The I IV V IV harmonic progression commonly used in Cuban music is heard in pop music all across the African continent thanks to the influence of Cuban music Those chords move in accordance with the basic tenets of Western music theory However as Gerhard Kubik points out performers of African popular music do not necessarily perceive these progressions in the same way The harmonic cycle of C F G F I IV V IV prominent in Congo Zaire popular music simply cannot be defined as a progression from tonic to subdominant to dominant and back to subdominant on which it ends because in the performer s appreciation they are of equal status and not in any hierarchical order as in Western music 7 nbsp Abeti Masikini is one of the African female artists who revolutionized African music with her unique blend of rhythms 8 The largest wave of Cuban based music to hit Africa was in the form of salsa In 1974 the Fania All Stars performed in Zaire known today as the Democratic Republic of the Congo Africa at the 80 000 seat Stadu du Hai in Kinshasa This was captured on film and released as Live In Africa Salsa Madness in the UK The Zairean appearance occurred at a music festival held in conjunction with the Muhammad Ali George Foreman heavyweight title fight Local genres were already well established by this time Even so salsa caught on in many African countries especially in the Senegambia and Mali Cuban music had been the favorite of Senegal s nightspot in the 1950s to 1960s 9 The Senegalese band Orchestra Baobab plays in a basic salsa style with congas and timbales but with the addition of Wolof and Mandinka instruments and lyrics According to Lise Waxer African salsa points not so much to a return of salsa to African soil Steward 1999 157 but to a complex process of cultural appropriation between two regions of the so called Third World 10 Since the mid 1990s African artists have also been very active through the super group Africando where African and New York musicians mix with leading African singers such as Bambino Diabate Ricardo Lemvo Ismael Lo and Salif Keita It is still common today for an African artist to record a salsa tune and add their own particular regional touch to it Genres editGenres of African popular music include African heavy metal African hip hop African trap music aka ATM 11 Afro house Afrobeat Afro jazz 12 Alte Afrobeats Afro tech Afro trap 13 Afro rave 14 Afro rock Afro soul Amapiano Apala Azonto Balwo Batuque Benga Bikutsi Bongo Flava Boomba aka Kapuka Cape Jazz Chimurenga Coladeira Congolese rumba Coupe Decale Ethio jazz Fuji music Funana Gnawa music Genge Gengeton Gqom Highlife Hipco Hiplife Igbo highlife Isicathamiya Jit Juju Kalindula Kilalaky 15 Kizomba Kuduro Kwaito Kwela Makossa Malipenga Maloya Marrabenta Mbalax Mbaqanga Mbube Morna Museve Pandza Sudanese popular music Ndombolo Ogene Palm wine aka Maringa Rai Sakara Salegy Sega Semba Shangaan electro Soukous aka Congo Lingala or African rumba Street pop 16 Sungura Taarab Tsapiky Wassoulou music Zimbabwean jazz Zouglou ZoukSee also editAfrican traditional music African American popular music Music of the African diaspora List of musical genres of the African diasporaReferences edit Collins Professor John 2002 African Popular Music University of Alberta Archived from the original on 8 December 2021 Retrieved 27 November 2023 Conteh Mankaprr Makinde Tami Miya Madzadza Saraki Seni Wangeci Tela 28 December 2022 The 40 Best Afropop Songs of 2022 Rolling Stone Archived from the original on 28 December 2022 Retrieved 27 November 2023 Nigerian musician Segun Bucknor Latin American music and our music is virtually the same quoted by Collins 1992 p 62 The Encyclopedia of Africa v 1 2010 p 407 Roberts John Storm Afro Cuban Comes Home The Birth and Growth of Congo Music Original Music cassette tape 1986 Roberts 1986 20 50 Afro Cuban Comes Home The Birth and Growth of Congo Music Kubik 1999 p 105 Africa and the Blues Jackson MS University Press of Mississippi ISBN 1 57806 145 8 Musique 20 ans apres pourquoi pas Abeti Masikini Music 20 years later why not Abeti Masikini www mediacongo net in French Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo 23 September 2014 Retrieved 12 December 2023 Stapleton 1990 116 117 African Rock The Pop Music of a Continent New York Dutton Waxer 2002 p 12 Situating Salsa Global Markets and Local Meanings in Latin Popular Music Routledge ISBN 0 8153 4020 6 Mhabela Sabelo 2017 The 10 Best African Trap Music Songs Okay Africa Archived from the original on 17 April 2018 Retrieved 4 December 2023 Allen Jeffery 14 August 2023 AfroJazz Fest will showcase African Caribbean cultures at annual Milton event Inside Halton Archived from the original on 4 December 2023 Retrieved 4 December 2023 Konan Aude 2016 MHD and France s Afro Trap Phenomenon Okay Africa Archived from the original on 1 January 2018 Retrieved 4 December 2023 Zeeman Kyle 2019 Toya Delazy is creating her own genre called Afro rave and she says it s the future Times Live Archived from the original on 9 October 2019 Retrieved 15 December 2023 Okay Africa 2014 Kilalaky The Dance Craze of Madagascar Okay Africa Archived from the original on 22 February 2018 Retrieved 4 December 2023 Ade Peter Dennis Oloworekende Wale 2021 Sounds From This Side Street Pop The Native Mag Archived from the original on 2 September 2021 Retrieved 14 January 2024 Further reading editAfropop An Illustrated Guide to Contemporary African Music by Sean Barlow amp Banning Eyre Book Sales August 1995 ISBN 0 7858 0443 9 ISBN 978 0 7858 0443 7 African popular music a historical review of sub Saharan Africa Professor John Collins University of Alberta 2002 Afrobeats All you need to knowExternal links editReMastered The Lion s Share official trailer Netflix 2019 Miriam Makeba live on Ce soir a Cannes 18 May 1963 Qongqothwane The Click Song Spiked Candy 2020 AfroPoP The Ultimate Cultural Exchange Documentary 15 seasons Black Public Media 2008 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title African popular music amp oldid 1205406515, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
