Acts 7
Acts 7 is the seventh chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the address of Stephen before the Sanhedrin and his execution outside [1] Jerusalem, and introduces Saul (who later became Paul the Apostle). The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke.[2]
| Acts 7 | |
|---|---|
Acts 15:22–24 in Latin (left column) and Greek (right column) in Codex Laudianus, written about AD 550. | |
| Book | Acts of the Apostles |
| Category | Church history |
| Christian Bible part | New Testament |
| Order in the Christian part | 5 |
Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek and is divided into 60 verses.
Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:
- In Greek
- Codex Vaticanus (AD 325–350)
- Codex Sinaiticus (330–360)
- Codex Bezae (~400)
- Codex Alexandrinus (400–440)
- Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (~450)
- Codex Laudianus (~550)
- Papyrus 33 (~550)
- In Latin
- León palimpsest (7th century; extant verses 27–60)[3]
Old Testament references
- Acts 7:3: Genesis 12:1
- Acts 7:7: Genesis 15:14; Exodus 3:12
- Acts 7:14: Exodus 1:5
- Acts 7:28: Exodus 2:14
- Acts 7:32: Exodus 3:6,15
- Acts 7:34: Exodus 3:5,7,8,10
- Acts 7:35: Exodus 2:14
- Acts 7:37: Deuteronomy 18:15
- Acts 7:40: Exodus 32:1,23
- Acts 7:43: Amos 5:25–27
- Acts 7:46: Psalm 132:5[4]
- Acts 7:49–50: Isaiah 66:1–2
Stephen's speech (7:1–53)
On the surface, Stephen's speech seemingly did match the charges against him, but the recorded words apparently are a part of a 'larger polemical discourse, building on and developing the arguments already put forward in the sermons and trial speeches of the apostles'. It can be categorized into 'rewritten Bible', "a selective retelling of biblical history from a particular theological standpoint", in similar form as Psalm 105, among others in the Bible.[5]
Verse 16
This verse has been studied extensively by theologians because the speech of Stephen seems to contradict Genesis:[6]
- and they were carried back to Shechem and laid in the tomb that Abraham had bought for a sum of silver from the sons of Hamor in Shechem.[7]
Stephen's death (7:54–60)
The reaction of the audience to Stephen's speech reached a dramatic high point in verse 54 and heightened even further Stephen's description of his vision in verses 55–56.[8] Stephen's vision of God's glory has a continuity with his speech on Abraham (7:2) and Moses (cf. Exodus 33:18—23), but now extends to the open heaven (verse 56) with the figure of Jesus himself positioned 'at the right hand of God' (verse 55) denoting the highest place of honor and confirming Stephen's claim that the rejected savior is in fact God's 'Righteous One'.[9] Stephen as 'the prototype for Christian martyrdom' dies 'calling on the name of the Lord' expecting the exalted Jesus to receive his spirit (verse 59) and then cries out 'in a loud voice' (verse 60; cf. Luke 23:46) for forgiveness that echoes the prayer of Luke 23:34.[10]
Verse 55
- But he, being full of the Holy Ghost, looked up stedfastly into heaven, and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God,[11]
- "Jesus standing on right hand of God": The 'standing' Jesus (rather than 'seated') 'probably indicates his rising to receive' Stephen; this phrase is a variation on Psalm 110:1.[12]
Verse 58
- and they cast him out of the city and stoned him. And the witnesses laid down their clothes at the feet of a young man named Saul.[13]
- "Cast him out of the city": This action recalls the commandment of Leviticus 24:14, 23:
- Take the blasphemer outside the camp ... and they took the blasphemer outside the camp, and stoned him to death.[14]
Verse 59
The Pulpit Commentary notes Stephen's words in Acts 7:59 as a 'striking acknowledgment of the divinity of Christ: only he who gave the spirit could receive it back again'.[16]
Verse 60
- Then he knelt down and cried out with a loud voice, "Lord, do not charge them with this sin." And when he had said this, he fell asleep.[17]
Alexander MacLaren noted that this verse contains 'the only narrative in the New Testament of a Christian martyrdom or death'.[18]
Uses
The phrase "Living oracles" or "Living words", taken from Acts 7:38, appears in Greek on the heraldric seal of Columbia University, printed on the book held in the central figure's hand, and signifying the passing down of knowledge.[19]
See also
References
- ^ Acts 7:58
- ^ Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
- ^ Bruce M. Metzger, The Early Versions of the New Testament, Oxford University Press, 1977, p. 316.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, A. F. (1901). The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Vol. Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL. Cambridge: At the University Press. p. 840. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
- ^ Alexander 2007, p. 1036.
- ^ "Why is there a conflict between Acts 7:15-16 and Genesis 50:13?".
- ^ Acts 7:16 ESV
- ^ Alexander 2007, p. 1037.
- ^ Alexander 2007, pp. 1037–1038.
- ^ Alexander 2007, p. 1038.
- ^ Acts 7:55 KJV
- ^ Note [d] on Acts 7:55 in NET Bible.
- ^ Acts 7:58 NKJV
- ^ Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Acts 7, accessed 29 November 2018
- ^ Acts 7:59 NKJV
- ^ Pulpit Commentary on Acts 7, accessed 14 August 2015
- ^ Acts 7:60 NKJV
- ^ MacLaren, Alexander. Expositions Of Holy Scripture, on Acts 7, accessed 14 August 2015
- ^ cmm_admin (2017-12-04). "Deciphering the Columbia Seal, Motto, and More". Columbia Medicine Magazine. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
Sources
- Alexander, Loveday (2007). "62. Acts". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 1028–1061. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
External links
- Acts 7 King James Bible - Wikisource
- English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
- Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
- Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)