The Abhidharmakośabhāsya (Sanskrit: अभिधर्मकोशभास्य, lit. Commentary on the Sheath of Abhidharma), Abhidharmakośa (Sanskrit: अभिधर्मकोश) for short (or just Kośa or AKB), is a key text on the Abhidharma written in Sanskrit by the Indian Buddhist scholar Vasubandhu in the 4th or 5th century CE.[1] The Kośa summarizes the Sarvāstivādin Abhidharma in eight chapters with a total of around 600 verses and then comments on (and often criticizes) it. This text was widely respected and used by schools of Buddhism in India, Tibet and East Asia. Over time, the Abhidharmakośa became the main source of Abhidharma and Sravakayana Buddhism for later Mahāyāna Buddhists.[2]
In the Kośa, Vasubandhu presents various views on the Abhidharma, mainly those of the Sarvāstivāda-Vaibhāṣika, which he often criticizes from a Sautrāntika perspective.[3] The Kośa includes an additional chapter in prose refuting the idea of the "person" (pudgala) favoured by some Buddhists of the Pudgalavada school.
The Vaibhāṣika master Samghabhadra considered that Vasubandhu had misrepresented numerous key points of Vaibhāṣika Abhidharma in the Kośa, and saw Vasubandhu as a Sautrāntika (upholder of the sutras). However, Vasubandhu often presents and defends the Vaibhāṣika Abhidharma position on certain topics (contra Sautrāntika).[4] Because of this, Chinese commentators like Pu Guang do not see Vasubandhu as either a Vaibhāṣika nor as a Sautrāntika.[5]
The Abhidharmakośabhāsya (AKB) is a work of Abhidharma, a field of Buddhist philosophy which mainly draws on the Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma tradition. This tradition includes various groupings or "schools", the two main ones being Vaibhāṣika and Sautrāntika.[6] The main source for the Vaibhāṣika tradition (which was based in Kaśmīra) is the Abhidharma Mahāvibhāṣa Śāstra. The other main tradition of Sarvāstivāda philosophy were those masters who were called "westerners" (Pāścāttya) or "outsiders" (Bāhyaka) and they were mainly based in Gandhara.[6]
These masters (later known as Sautrāntikas) did not fully accept the Vaibhāṣika philosophy and compiled their own Abhidharma texts, such as the Abhidharma-hṛdaya by Dharmaśrī, which was the first Abhidharma text to provide a series of verses with prose commentary (this is the style that the Kośa follows). This work was very influential on subsequent Abhidharma texts (which imitated its style) and various commentaries were written on it. The Abhidharmakośabhāsya's style and structure is based on these Sautrāntika Abhidharma works.[7]
According to K.L. Dhammajoti, in the AKB, Vasubandhu often favors the opinion of the Sautrāntika school against the Sarvāstivāda Vaibhāṣikas (when there is a dispute). For example, he criticizes the doctrine of the existence of the three times (past, present, future), a central Sarvāstivāda doctrine.[5] However, this is not always the case and he seems to have sometimes also favored certain Vaibhāṣika doctrines (contra Sautrāntika), including the reality of certain mental factors (caittas), the notion of the conjunction (saṃprayoga) of mind (citta) and mental factors and also the Sarvāstivāda doctrine of simultaneous causation (sahabhu-hetu) which was rejected by Sautrantika masters like Śrīlāta.[4]
2: The Exposition on the Faculties (indriya-nirdeśa)
3: The Exposition on the World (loka-nirdeśa)
4: The Exposition on Karma (karma-nirdeśa)
Chapter four of the Kośa is devoted to a study of karma, and chapters two and five contain formulation as to the mechanism of fruition and retribution.[8]
5: The Exposition on the Underlying Tendencies (anuśaya-nirdeśa)
6: The Exposition on Paths and Persons (mārgapudgala-nirdeśa)
7: The Exposition on Wisdom (jñāna-nirdeśa)
8: The Exposition on Meditative Attainment (samāpatti-nirdeśa)
9: The Refutation of the View of a Self (atmavāda-pratiṣedha)
The Text and its Translations
The Sanskrit original of the Abhidharmakośabhāṣya was lost for centuries, and was known to scholarship only through Chinese and Tibetan translations. The work was of such importance to the history of Indian thought that in the 1930s, the great scholar Rāhula Sāṅkṛtyāyana (1893–1963) even re-translated the verses into Sanskrit, from Tibetan, and wrote his own Sanskrit commentary on them. However, during a subsequent visit to Tibet, Sāṅkṛtyāyana discovered an ancient palm-leaf manuscript of 367 leaves that contained not only Vasubandhu's verses, but his lost commentary.[9] In 1967 and then in a revised edition of 1975, Prof. P. Pradhan of Utkal University finally published the original Sanskrit text of the Abhidharmakośabhāṣya, Vasubandhu's great work summarizing earlier traditions of the Vibhāṣā school of Buddhist philosophy.[10]
The Abhidharmakośa-kārikā (the verses) and the Abhidharmakośa-bhāsya (the auto-commentary) were translated into Chinese in the 6th-century by Paramārtha (T1559). They were translated again in the 7th-century by Xuanzang (T1560 & T1558).[11] Other translations and commentaries exist in Tibetan, Chinese, Classical Mongolian and Old Uyghur.
The verses and the commentary were first translated into a European language by Louis de La Vallée-Poussin, published in 1923–1931 in French, which is primarily based on Xuanzang's Chinese translation but also references the Sanskrit text, Paramārtha's Chinese translation, and the Tibetan.
Currently, three complete English translations exist. The first by Leo M. Pruden in 1988 and the second by Gelong Lodrö Sangpo in 2012 are both based on La Vallée-Poussin's French translation. The third by Masahiro Shōgaito in 2014 is a translation of the Uighur translation of Xuanzang's Chinese translation.
La Vallée-Poussin, Louis de (1923–1931). L'Abhidharmakośa de Vasubandhu. Brussels: Institut belge des hautes études chinoises.
Pruden, Leo M. (1988–1990). Abhidharmakośabhāṣyam of Vasubandhu (4 volumes). Berkeley, California: Asian Humanities Press. ISBN0-89581-913-9.
Lodrö Sangpo, Gelong (2012). Abhidharmakośa-Bhāṣya of Vasubandhu: The Treasury of the Abhidharma and its (Auto) commentary (4 volumes). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. ISBN978-8120836075.
Shōgaito, Masahiro (2014). The Uighur Abhidharmakośabhāṣya: Preserved at the Museum of Ethnography in Stockholm. Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN978-3-447-10204-9.
Samghabhadra (5th century CE), Abhidharmakośa-śāstra-kārikā-bhāṣya (Tibetan: chos mngon pa mdzod kyi bstan bcos kyi tshig le'ur byas pa'i rnam par bshad pa). This is a brief summary of the Abhidharmakośa.
Samghabhadra (5th century CE), Nyāyānusāra. This text critiques Vasubandhu's exposition on numerous points and defends the Vaibhasika orthodox views against Vasubandhu and other Sautrāntikas such as the elder Śrīlāta and his pupil Rāma. It only survives in a Chinese translation by Xuanzang.[12]
Yashomitra (6th c. CE), Abhidharmakośa-ṭīkā or Abhidharmakośa-sphuṭārthā (chos mngon pa'i mdzod kyi 'grel bshad (don gsal ba)
Sthiramati (6th c. CE), Abhidharmakoṣa-bhāṣya-ṭīkā-tattvārtha (chos mngon pa mdzod kyi bshad pa'i rgya cher 'grel pa, don gyi de kho na nyid)
Dignaga (6th c. CE), Abhidharmakośa-vṛtti-marmapradīpa (chos mngon pa'i mdzod kyi 'grel pa gnad kyi sgron ma)
Purnavardhana, Abhidharmakośa-ṭīkā-lakṣaṇānusāriṇī (chos mngon pa mdzod kyi 'grel bshad mtshan nyid kyi rjes su 'brang ba). Purnavardhana was a student of Sthiramati.[11]
Purnavardhana, Abhidharmakośa-ṭīkā-lakṣaṇānusāriṇī (2nd commentary, but with same name as the first)
Śamathadeva (date unknown), Abhidharmakośa-ṭīkopayikā (chos mngon pa'i mdzod kyi 'grel bshad nye bar mkho ba, Derge no. 4094 / Peking no. 5595), a handbook of the Kośa that quotes passages from the MūlasarvāstivādaTripitaka.[13]
Unknown author, Sārasamuccaya-nāma-abhidharmāvatāra-ṭīkā (chos mngon pa la 'jug pa rgya cher 'grel pa snying po kun las btus)
Chinese Commentaries
According to Paul Demiéville, some of the major extant Chinese commentaries to the Abhidharmakośa include:[14]
Shen-t'ai, Chü-she lun shu, originally in twenty Chinese volumes, today only volumes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 17 are extant.
P'u-kuang, Chü-she lun chi (in thirty-volumes, 7th century), which quotes Shen-t'ai. P'u-kuang also wrote a small treatise on the Kosa.
Fa-pao, Chü-she lun shu, which quotes Shen-t'ai and P'u-kuang.
Yuan-hui, Chü-she tun sung shu. According to Demiéville, this work was "commented upon several times in China and widely used in Japan; it is from this work that the Mahayanists generally draw their knowledge of the Kośa. But from the point of view of Indology, it does not offer the same interest as the three preceding commentaries."
Two other disciples of Xuanzang, Huai-su and K'uei-chi, wrote commentaries on the Kośa which are lost.[15]
Tibetan Commentaries
Chim Lozang Drakpa (1299-1375), An Ocean of Excellent Explanations Clarifying the Abhidharma Kośa (chos mngon pa gsal byed legs par bshad pa'i rgya mtsho)
Chim Jampé Yang (13th century), Ornament of Abhidharma (mngon pa'i rgyan), Chim Jampé Yang was a student of Chim Lozang Drakpa.
Rongtön Sheja Kunrig (1367-1449), Thoroughly Illuminating What Can be Known (shes bya rab gsal). Rongtön was a great scholar of the Sakya school.
The Ninth Karmapa Wangchuk Dorje (1556–1603), An Explanation of the Treasury of Abhidharma called the Essence of the Ocean of Abhidharma, The Words of Those who Know and Love, Explaining Youthful Play, Opening the Eyes of Dharma, the Chariot of Easy Practice (chos mngon pa mdzod kyi rnam par bshad pa chos mngon rgya mtsho’i snying po mkhyen brtse’i zhal lung gzhon nu rnam rol legs bshad chos mig rnam ’byed grub bde’i shing rta)
Mipham Rinpoche (1846–1912), (rin po che'i do shal blo gsal dgyes pa'i mgul rgyan)
Jamyang Loter Wangpo (1847-1914), A Lamp Illuminating Vasubandhu's Intention (dbyig gnyen dgongs pa gsal ba'i sgron me)
Khenpo Shenga (1871–1927), A Mirror for What Can be Known (shes bya'i me long)
^ abVasubandhu; Lodrö Sangpo; La Vallée Poussin, Louis de (2012). Abhidharmakośa-Bhāṣya of Vasubandhu : the treasury of the Abhidharma and its (Auto) commentary. Delhi, India. pp. 1191–1192. ISBN978-81-208-3607-5. OCLC 814523082.
^ abde la Vallee Poussin and Sangpo (2012) (Volume I), p. 10.
^ abde la Vallee Poussin and Sangpo (2012) (Volume I), pp. 2-3.
^de la Vallee Poussin and Sangpo (2012) (Volume I), pp. 4-6
^Dhammajoti, Kuala Lumpur (2009). Sarvāstivāda abhidharma. Hong Kong: Centre for Buddhist Studies, University of Hong Kong. p. 110. ISBN978-988-99296-5-7. OCLC 495931748.
Lamotte, Etienne (2001), Karmasiddhi Prakarana: The Treatise on Action by Vasubandhu, English translation by Leo M. Pruden, Asian Humanities Press
Ronkin, Noa (2005), Early Buddhist Metaphysics: the Making of a Philosophical Tradition, Routledge, ISBN0-203-53706-8
Vallée Poussin, Louis de la, trad. (1923-1931). L’Abhidharmakosa de Vasubandhu, Paris: Paul Geuthner, Vol. 1, Vol. 2, Vol. 3, Vol. 4, Vol. 5, Vol. 6.
Pruden, Leo M. (1991), Abhidharmakosabhasyam, translated from the French translation by Louis de la Vallée Poussin, Asian Humanities Press, Berkeley.
Vasubandhu; Lodrö Sangpo; La Vallée Poussin, Louis de (2012). Abhidharmakośa-Bhāṣya of Vasubandhu : the treasury of the Abhidharma and its (Auto) commentary. Delhi, India. ISBN978-81-208-3607-5. OCLC 814523082.
Web-sources
External links
Multilingual edition of the Abhidharmakośa in the Bibliotheca Polyglotta, Web archive:
Sanskrit text of the Abhidharmakośabhāṣya edited by P. Pradhān and published (2ed) in 1975
March 06, 2023
abhidharmakośa, bhāsya, abhidharmakośabhāsya, sanskrit, अभ, धर, मक, शभ, commentary, sheath, abhidharma, abhidharmakośa, sanskrit, अभ, धर, मक, short, just, kośa, text, abhidharma, written, sanskrit, indian, buddhist, scholar, vasubandhu, century, kośa, summariz. The Abhidharmakosabhasya Sanskrit अभ धर मक शभ स य lit Commentary on the Sheath of Abhidharma Abhidharmakosa Sanskrit अभ धर मक श for short or just Kosa or AKB is a key text on the Abhidharma written in Sanskrit by the Indian Buddhist scholar Vasubandhu in the 4th or 5th century CE 1 The Kosa summarizes the Sarvastivadin Abhidharma in eight chapters with a total of around 600 verses and then comments on and often criticizes it This text was widely respected and used by schools of Buddhism in India Tibet and East Asia Over time the Abhidharmakosa became the main source of Abhidharma and Sravakayana Buddhism for later Mahayana Buddhists 2 Translations ofAbhidharmakosaEnglishSheath of AbhidharmaSanskritअभ धर मक श IAST Abhidharmakosa Chinese阿毗達磨俱舍論阿毗达磨俱舍论Japanese阿毘達磨倶舎論 Rōmaji Abidatsuma kusharon Korean아비달마구사론 RR Abidalma Gusaron Tibetanཆ ས མང ན པའ མཛ ད chos mngon pa i mdzod Glossary of BuddhismIn the Kosa Vasubandhu presents various views on the Abhidharma mainly those of the Sarvastivada Vaibhaṣika which he often criticizes from a Sautrantika perspective 3 The Kosa includes an additional chapter in prose refuting the idea of the person pudgala favoured by some Buddhists of the Pudgalavada school The Vaibhaṣika master Samghabhadra considered that Vasubandhu had misrepresented numerous key points of Vaibhaṣika Abhidharma in the Kosa and saw Vasubandhu as a Sautrantika upholder of the sutras However Vasubandhu often presents and defends the Vaibhaṣika Abhidharma position on certain topics contra Sautrantika 4 Because of this Chinese commentators like Pu Guang do not see Vasubandhu as either a Vaibhaṣika nor as a Sautrantika 5 Contents 1 Background 2 Content Overview 2 1 1 The Exposition on the Elements dhatu nirdesa 2 2 2 The Exposition on the Faculties indriya nirdesa 2 3 3 The Exposition on the World loka nirdesa 2 4 4 The Exposition on Karma karma nirdesa 2 5 5 The Exposition on the Underlying Tendencies anusaya nirdesa 2 6 6 The Exposition on Paths and Persons margapudgala nirdesa 2 7 7 The Exposition on Wisdom jnana nirdesa 2 8 8 The Exposition on Meditative Attainment samapatti nirdesa 2 9 9 The Refutation of the View of a Self atmavada pratiṣedha 3 The Text and its Translations 4 Commentaries 4 1 Indian Commentaries 4 2 Chinese Commentaries 4 3 Tibetan Commentaries 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 Sources 8 1 Printed sources 8 2 Web sources 9 External linksBackground EditThe Abhidharmakosabhasya AKB is a work of Abhidharma a field of Buddhist philosophy which mainly draws on the Sarvastivada Abhidharma tradition This tradition includes various groupings or schools the two main ones being Vaibhaṣika and Sautrantika 6 The main source for the Vaibhaṣika tradition which was based in Kasmira is the Abhidharma Mahavibhaṣa Sastra The other main tradition of Sarvastivada philosophy were those masters who were called westerners Pascattya or outsiders Bahyaka and they were mainly based in Gandhara 6 These masters later known as Sautrantikas did not fully accept the Vaibhaṣika philosophy and compiled their own Abhidharma texts such as the Abhidharma hṛdaya by Dharmasri which was the first Abhidharma text to provide a series of verses with prose commentary this is the style that the Kosa follows This work was very influential on subsequent Abhidharma texts which imitated its style and various commentaries were written on it The Abhidharmakosabhasya s style and structure is based on these Sautrantika Abhidharma works 7 According to K L Dhammajoti in the AKB Vasubandhu often favors the opinion of the Sautrantika school against the Sarvastivada Vaibhaṣikas when there is a dispute For example he criticizes the doctrine of the existence of the three times past present future a central Sarvastivada doctrine 5 However this is not always the case and he seems to have sometimes also favored certain Vaibhaṣika doctrines contra Sautrantika including the reality of certain mental factors caittas the notion of the conjunction saṃprayoga of mind citta and mental factors and also the Sarvastivada doctrine of simultaneous causation sahabhu hetu which was rejected by Sautrantika masters like Srilata 4 Content Overview EditThe text is divided into the following chapters 1 The Exposition on the Elements dhatu nirdesa Edit 2 The Exposition on the Faculties indriya nirdesa Edit 3 The Exposition on the World loka nirdesa Edit 4 The Exposition on Karma karma nirdesa Edit Chapter four of the Kosa is devoted to a study of karma and chapters two and five contain formulation as to the mechanism of fruition and retribution 8 5 The Exposition on the Underlying Tendencies anusaya nirdesa Edit 6 The Exposition on Paths and Persons margapudgala nirdesa Edit 7 The Exposition on Wisdom jnana nirdesa Edit 8 The Exposition on Meditative Attainment samapatti nirdesa Edit 9 The Refutation of the View of a Self atmavada pratiṣedha EditThe Text and its Translations EditThe Sanskrit original of the Abhidharmakosabhaṣya was lost for centuries and was known to scholarship only through Chinese and Tibetan translations The work was of such importance to the history of Indian thought that in the 1930s the great scholar Rahula Saṅkṛtyayana 1893 1963 even re translated the verses into Sanskrit from Tibetan and wrote his own Sanskrit commentary on them However during a subsequent visit to Tibet Saṅkṛtyayana discovered an ancient palm leaf manuscript of 367 leaves that contained not only Vasubandhu s verses but his lost commentary 9 In 1967 and then in a revised edition of 1975 Prof P Pradhan of Utkal University finally published the original Sanskrit text of the Abhidharmakosabhaṣya Vasubandhu s great work summarizing earlier traditions of the Vibhaṣa school of Buddhist philosophy 10 The Abhidharmakosa karika the verses and the Abhidharmakosa bhasya the auto commentary were translated into Chinese in the 6th century by Paramartha T1559 They were translated again in the 7th century by Xuanzang T1560 amp T1558 11 Other translations and commentaries exist in Tibetan Chinese Classical Mongolian and Old Uyghur The verses and the commentary were first translated into a European language by Louis de La Vallee Poussin published in 1923 1931 in French which is primarily based on Xuanzang s Chinese translation but also references the Sanskrit text Paramartha s Chinese translation and the Tibetan Currently three complete English translations exist The first by Leo M Pruden in 1988 and the second by Gelong Lodro Sangpo in 2012 are both based on La Vallee Poussin s French translation The third by Masahiro Shōgaito in 2014 is a translation of the Uighur translation of Xuanzang s Chinese translation La Vallee Poussin Louis de 1923 1931 L Abhidharmakosa de Vasubandhu Brussels Institut belge des hautes etudes chinoises Pruden Leo M 1988 1990 Abhidharmakosabhaṣyam of Vasubandhu 4 volumes Berkeley California Asian Humanities Press ISBN 0 89581 913 9 Lodro Sangpo Gelong 2012 Abhidharmakosa Bhaṣya of Vasubandhu The Treasury of the Abhidharma and its Auto commentary 4 volumes Delhi Motilal Banarsidass Publishers ISBN 978 8120836075 Shōgaito Masahiro 2014 The Uighur Abhidharmakosabhaṣya Preserved at the Museum of Ethnography in Stockholm Wiesbaden Germany Harrassowitz Verlag ISBN 978 3 447 10204 9 Commentaries EditThere are many commentaries written on this text Indian Commentaries Edit Indian Buddhist commentaries include 11 Samghabhadra 5th century CE Abhidharmakosa sastra karika bhaṣya Tibetan chos mngon pa mdzod kyi bstan bcos kyi tshig le ur byas pa i rnam par bshad pa This is a brief summary of the Abhidharmakosa Samghabhadra 5th century CE Nyayanusara This text critiques Vasubandhu s exposition on numerous points and defends the Vaibhasika orthodox views against Vasubandhu and other Sautrantikas such as the elder Srilata and his pupil Rama It only survives in a Chinese translation by Xuanzang 12 Yashomitra 6th c CE Abhidharmakosa ṭika or Abhidharmakosa sphuṭartha chos mngon pa i mdzod kyi grel bshad don gsal ba Sthiramati 6th c CE Abhidharmakoṣa bhaṣya ṭika tattvartha chos mngon pa mdzod kyi bshad pa i rgya cher grel pa don gyi de kho na nyid Dignaga 6th c CE Abhidharmakosa vṛtti marmapradipa chos mngon pa i mdzod kyi grel pa gnad kyi sgron ma Purnavardhana Abhidharmakosa ṭika lakṣaṇanusariṇi chos mngon pa mdzod kyi grel bshad mtshan nyid kyi rjes su brang ba Purnavardhana was a student of Sthiramati 11 Purnavardhana Abhidharmakosa ṭika lakṣaṇanusariṇi 2nd commentary but with same name as the first Samathadeva date unknown Abhidharmakosa ṭikopayika chos mngon pa i mdzod kyi grel bshad nye bar mkho ba Derge no 4094 Peking no 5595 a handbook of the Kosa that quotes passages from the Mulasarvastivada Tripitaka 13 Unknown author Sarasamuccaya nama abhidharmavatara ṭika chos mngon pa la jug pa rgya cher grel pa snying po kun las btus Chinese Commentaries Edit According to Paul Demieville some of the major extant Chinese commentaries to the Abhidharmakosa include 14 Shen t ai Chu she lun shu originally in twenty Chinese volumes today only volumes 1 2 4 5 6 7 and 17 are extant P u kuang Chu she lun chi in thirty volumes 7th century which quotes Shen t ai P u kuang also wrote a small treatise on the Kosa Fa pao Chu she lun shu which quotes Shen t ai and P u kuang Yuan hui Chu she tun sung shu According to Demieville this work was commented upon several times in China and widely used in Japan it is from this work that the Mahayanists generally draw their knowledge of the Kosa But from the point of view of Indology it does not offer the same interest as the three preceding commentaries Two other disciples of Xuanzang Huai su and K uei chi wrote commentaries on the Kosa which are lost 15 Tibetan Commentaries Edit Chim Lozang Drakpa 1299 1375 An Ocean of Excellent Explanations Clarifying the Abhidharma Kosa chos mngon pa gsal byed legs par bshad pa i rgya mtsho Chim Jampe Yang 13th century Ornament of Abhidharma mngon pa i rgyan Chim Jampe Yang was a student of Chim Lozang Drakpa Rongton Sheja Kunrig 1367 1449 Thoroughly Illuminating What Can be Known shes bya rab gsal Rongton was a great scholar of the Sakya school Gendun Drup First Dalai Lama 1391 1474 Illuminating the Path to Liberation thar lam gsal byed The Ninth Karmapa Wangchuk Dorje 1556 1603 An Explanation of the Treasury of Abhidharma called the Essence of the Ocean of Abhidharma The Words of Those who Know and Love Explaining Youthful Play Opening the Eyes of Dharma the Chariot of Easy Practice chos mngon pa mdzod kyi rnam par bshad pa chos mngon rgya mtsho i snying po mkhyen brtse i zhal lung gzhon nu rnam rol legs bshad chos mig rnam byed grub bde i shing rta Mipham Rinpoche 1846 1912 rin po che i do shal blo gsal dgyes pa i mgul rgyan Jamyang Loter Wangpo 1847 1914 A Lamp Illuminating Vasubandhu s Intention dbyig gnyen dgongs pa gsal ba i sgron me Khenpo Shenga 1871 1927 A Mirror for What Can be Known shes bya i me long See also EditAbhidharma Dharma Sarvastivada Mulasarvastivada Kleshas Buddhism Mental factors Buddhism Notes EditReferences Edit Hoiberg Dale H ed 2010 Abhidharmakosa Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol I A ak Bayes 15th ed Chicago Illinois Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc pp 31 ISBN 978 1 59339 837 8 Lamotte 2001 Gold Jonathan C Vasubandhu The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Summer 2015 Edition Edward N Zalta ed URL lt http plato stanford edu archives sum2015 entries vasubandhu gt a b Vasubandhu Lodro Sangpo La Vallee Poussin Louis de 2012 Abhidharmakosa Bhaṣya of Vasubandhu the treasury of the Abhidharma and its Auto commentary Delhi India pp 1191 1192 ISBN 978 81 208 3607 5 OCLC 814523082 a b de la Vallee Poussin and Sangpo 2012 Volume I p 10 a b de la Vallee Poussin and Sangpo 2012 Volume I pp 2 3 de la Vallee Poussin and Sangpo 2012 Volume I pp 4 6 Lamotte 2001 p 18 Vasubandhu Pradhan Prahallad Haldar Aruna Vasubandhu 1975 Abhidharmakosabhaṣyam in Sanskrit Pataliputram Kasiprasadajayasavala Anusilan Samsthanam pp ix OCLC 644450786 Vasubandhu Pradhan Prahallad Haldar Aruna Vasubandhu 1975 Abhidharmakosabhaṣyam in Sanskrit Pataliputram Kasiprasadajayasavala Anusilan Samsthanam OCLC 644450786 a b c de La Vallee Poussin amp Sangpo 2012 p 92 Dhammajoti Kuala Lumpur 2009 Sarvastivada abhidharma Hong Kong Centre for Buddhist Studies University of Hong Kong p 110 ISBN 978 988 99296 5 7 OCLC 495931748 Agama research group Samathadeva Archived from the original on 2014 12 04 de La Vallee Poussin amp Sangpo 2012 pp 92 93 de La Vallee Poussin amp Sangpo 2012 p 93 Sources EditPrinted sources Edit Lamotte Etienne 2001 Karmasiddhi Prakarana The Treatise on Action by Vasubandhu English translation by Leo M Pruden Asian Humanities Press Ronkin Noa 2005 Early Buddhist Metaphysics the Making of a Philosophical Tradition Routledge ISBN 0 203 53706 8 Vallee Poussin Louis de la trad 1923 1931 L Abhidharmakosa de Vasubandhu Paris Paul Geuthner Vol 1 Vol 2 Vol 3 Vol 4 Vol 5 Vol 6 Pruden Leo M 1991 Abhidharmakosabhasyam translated from the French translation by Louis de la Vallee Poussin Asian Humanities Press Berkeley Vasubandhu Lodro Sangpo La Vallee Poussin Louis de 2012 Abhidharmakosa Bhaṣya of Vasubandhu the treasury of the Abhidharma and its Auto commentary Delhi India ISBN 978 81 208 3607 5 OCLC 814523082 Web sources EditExternal links EditMultilingual edition of the Abhidharmakosa in the Bibliotheca Polyglotta Web archive Multilingual edition of the Abhidharmakosa in the Bibliotheca Polyglotta Sanskrit text of the Abhidharma kosa bhaṣya with Chinese translations by Paramartha and Xuanzang from Peking University Sanskrit text of the Abhidharmakosabhaṣya edited by P Pradhan and published 2ed in 1975 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Abhidharmakosa bhasya amp oldid 1141469615, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
