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Aare

November 01, 2023

This article is about a river in Switzerland. For other uses, see Aare (given name), Aare (surname), and Aar (disambiguation).

The Aare (German: [ˈaːrə] ⓘ) or Aar (German: [aːr] ⓘ) is a tributary of the High Rhine and the longest river that both rises and ends entirely within Switzerland.[2][3]

Aare
Aar
The Aare at Bern
Drainage basin of the Aare
Mouth
Location
CountrySwitzerland
CantonsBern, Solothurn, Aargau
SettlementsMeiringen (BE), Interlaken (BE), Thun (BE), Münsingen, Muri bei Bern, Bern, Bremgarten bei Bern, Aarberg (BE), Büren a.A. (BE), Solothurn (SO), Aarwangen (BE), Aarburg (BE), Olten (SO), Niedergösgen (SO), Schönenwerd (SO), Aarau (AG), Wildegg (AG), Brugg (AG), Windisch (AG), Döttingen (AG), Klingnau (AG)
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationUnteraar Glacier, Bernese Oberland
 • coordinates46°34′07″N 8°11′16″E / 46.56858°N 8.18774°E / 46.56858; 8.18774
 • elevation1,940 m (6,360 ft)
Mouth 
 • location
Rhine below Koblenz, Switzerland
 • coordinates
47°36′21″N 8°13′24″E / 47.6057°N 8.2234°E / 47.6057; 8.2234
 • elevation
311 m (1,020 ft)
Length291.5 kilometres (181.1 mi) [1]
Basin size17,779 km2 (6,865 sq mi)
Discharge 
 • locationUntersiggenthal
 • average559 m3/s (19,700 cu ft/s) (MQ 1935-2013)
 • minimum351 m3/s (12,400 cu ft/s) (MNQ 1935-2013),
138 m3/s (4,900 cu ft/s) (NNQ, 1963)
 • maximum735 m3/s (26,000 cu ft/s) (MHQ 1935-2013),
2,656 m3/s (93,800 cu ft/s) (HHQ, 2007)
Basin features
ProgressionRhine→ North Sea
Tributaries 
 • leftLütschine (Lake Brienz), Kander (Lake Thun), Gürbe, Saane/La Sarine, Zihl/La Thielle (Lakes of Neuchatel and Bienne), La Suze (Lake of Bienne), Dünnern
 • rightGadmerwasser, Zulg, Emme, Murg, Wigger, Suhre, Aabach, Reuss, Limmat, Surb
WaterbodiesOberaarsee, Grimselsee, Räterichsbodensee, Lake Brienz, Lake Thun, Wohlensee, Lake Biel, Stausee Niederried, Klingnauer Stausee

Its total length from its source to its junction with the Rhine comprises about 295 kilometres (183 mi),[2][4] during which distance it descends 1,565 m (5,135 ft), draining an area of 17,779 km2 (6,865 sq mi), almost entirely within Switzerland, and accounting for close to half the area of the country, including all of Central Switzerland.[4]

There are more than 40 hydroelectric plants along the course of the Aare.[5]

The river's name dates to at least the La Tène period, and it is attested as Nantaror "Aare valley" in the Berne zinc tablet.

The name was Latinized as Arula/Arola/Araris.[6][nb 1]

Course edit

 
The Unteraargletscher
 
The Aare at Innertkirchen
 
Inside the Aare Gorge

The Aare rises in the great Aargletschers (Aare Glaciers) of the Bernese Alps, in the canton of Bern and west of the Grimsel Pass.[2] The Finsteraargletscher and Lauteraargletscher come together to form the Unteraargletscher (Lower Aar Glacier), which is the main source of water for the Grimselsee (Lake of Grimsel).[3][5] The Oberaargletscher (Upper Aar Glacier) feeds the Oberaarsee, which also flows into the Grimselsee.[3] The Aare leaves the Grimselsee just to the east to the Grimsel Hospiz, below the Grimsel Pass, and then flows northwest through the Haslital, forming on the way the magnificent Handegg Waterfall, 46 m (151 ft), past Guttannen.

Right after Innertkirchen it is joined by its first major tributary, the Gamderwasser. Less than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) later the river carves through a limestone ridge in the Aare Gorge (German: Aareschlucht).[2] It is here that the Aare proves itself to be more than just a river, as it attracts thousands of tourists annually to the causeways through the gorge.[3] A little past Meiringen, near Brienz, the river expands into Lake Brienz. Near the west end of the lake it indirectly receives its first important tributary, the Lütschine, by the Lake of Brienz. It then runs across the swampy plain of the Bödeli (Swiss German diminutive for ground) between Interlaken and Unterseen before flowing into Lake Thun.[2]

Near the west end of Lake Thun, the river indirectly receives the waters of the Kander, which has just been joined by the Simme, by the Lake of Thun. Lake Thun marks the head of navigation.[5] On flowing out of the lake it passes through Thun, and then flows through the city of Bern, passing beneath eighteen bridges and around the steeply-flanked peninsula on which the Old City is located. To the south of the Old City peninsula is the Mattenschwelle [de], a weir which provides water for the small Matte hydroelectric power plant. River swimming in the Aare is popular in Bern, and the river is sometimes full of bathers on summer days. The river soon changes its northwesterly flow for a due westerly direction, but after receiving the Saane or La Sarine it turns north until it nears Aarberg. There, in one of the major Swiss engineering feats of the 19th century, the Jura water correction, the river, which had previously rendered the countryside north of Bern a swampland through frequent flooding, was diverted by the Aare-Hagneck Canal into the Lac de Bienne. From the upper end of the lake, at Nidau, the river issues through the Nidau-Büren Canal, also called the Aare Canal,[3] and then runs east to Büren. The lake absorbs huge amounts of eroded gravel and snowmelt that the river brings from the Alps, and the former swamps have become fruitful plains: they are known as the "vegetable garden of Switzerland".

From here the Aare flows northeast for a long distance, past the ambassador town Solothurn[2] (below which the Grosse Emme flows in on the right), Aarburg (where it is joined by the Wigger), Olten, Aarau,[2] near which is the junction with the Suhre, and Wildegg, where the Seetal Aabach falls in on the right. A short distance further, below Brugg, it receives first the Reuss, its major tributary, and shortly afterwards the Limmat, its second strongest tributary. It now turns due north, and soon becomes itself a tributary of the Rhine, which it even surpasses in volume when the two rivers unite downstream from Koblenz (Switzerland), opposite Waldshut in Germany. The Rhine, in turn, empties into the North Sea after crossing into the Netherlands.

Tributaries edit

 
Aare in Bern
 
Old bridge at Wangen an der Aare
 
At the "Wasserschloss", where the rivers Aare, Reuss and Limmat flow together
 
The convergence of the Aare and the Rhine at Koblenz

Reservoirs edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ The river Obringa, mentioned by Ptolemy (2.7.9) as a tributary of the Rhine, has been identified with either the Mosel or the Aare.[7]

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ Geoserver of the Swiss Confederation
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Bridgwater & Aldrich 1968, p. 11
  3. ^ a b c d e Gresswell & Huxley 1965, p. 27
  4. ^ a b Hoiberg 2010, p. 4
  5. ^ a b c Cohen 1998, p. 1
  6. ^ Kristol et al. 2005, p. 73
  7. ^ Forbiger 1848, p. 126f
  8. ^ a b c Anon 1973, p. 74
  9. ^ a b Gresswell & Huxley 1965, p. 272
  10. ^ a b c Anon 1973, p. 70

References edit

  • Anon (1973). Atlas Routier et Touristique (in French). Paris, France: Bordas-Tirade.
  • Bridgwater, W.; Aldrich, Beatrice, eds. (1968). "Aare". The Columbia-Viking Desk Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0670230709.
  • Cohen, Saul B., ed. (1998). "Aare". The Columbia Gazetteer of the World. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-11040-5.
  • Forbiger, Albert (1848). Handbuch Der Alten Geographie. Vol. 3. Leipzig, Germany: Veriag von Gustav Mayer.
  • Gresswell, R. Kay; Huxley, Anthony, eds. (1965). Standard Encyclopedia of the World's Rivers and Lakes. New York, NY: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
  • Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Aare River". Encyclopædia Britannica (15th ed.). Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. ISBN 978-0-85229-961-6.
  • Kristol, Andres; Cattin, Florence; Meroni, Barbara; Schmid, Gabrielle, eds. (2005). "Aarau AG (Aarau)" [Encyclopedia of the Swiss municipality of LSG: Dictionnaire de toponymique scommunes Suisses DTS / Dizionario dei comuni toponomastico svizzeri DTS]. Lexikon der schweizerischen Gemeindenamen LSG: Dictionnaire toponymique de scommunes suisses DTS /Dizionario toponomastico dei comuni svizzeri DTS (in German) (1st ed.). Stuttgart, Germany: Huber Frauenfeld. ISBN 3-7193-1308-5.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aare.

November 01, 2023
aare, this, article, about, river, switzerland, other, uses, given, name, surname, disambiguation, german, ˈaːrə, german, aːr, tributary, high, rhine, longest, river, that, both, rises, ends, entirely, within, switzerland, aarthe, berndrainage, basin, mouthloc. This article is about a river in Switzerland For other uses see Aare given name Aare surname and Aar disambiguation The Aare German ˈaːre or Aar German aːr is a tributary of the High Rhine and the longest river that both rises and ends entirely within Switzerland 2 3 AareAarThe Aare at BernDrainage basin of the AareMouthLocationCountrySwitzerlandCantonsBern Solothurn AargauSettlementsMeiringen BE Interlaken BE Thun BE Munsingen Muri bei Bern Bern Bremgarten bei Bern Aarberg BE Buren a A BE Solothurn SO Aarwangen BE Aarburg BE Olten SO Niedergosgen SO Schonenwerd SO Aarau AG Wildegg AG Brugg AG Windisch AG Dottingen AG Klingnau AG Physical characteristicsSource locationUnteraar Glacier Bernese Oberland coordinates46 34 07 N 8 11 16 E 46 56858 N 8 18774 E 46 56858 8 18774 elevation1 940 m 6 360 ft Mouth locationRhine below Koblenz Switzerland coordinates47 36 21 N 8 13 24 E 47 6057 N 8 2234 E 47 6057 8 2234 elevation311 m 1 020 ft Length291 5 kilometres 181 1 mi 1 Basin size17 779 km2 6 865 sq mi Discharge locationUntersiggenthal average559 m3 s 19 700 cu ft s MQ 1935 2013 minimum351 m3 s 12 400 cu ft s MNQ 1935 2013 138 m3 s 4 900 cu ft s NNQ 1963 maximum735 m3 s 26 000 cu ft s MHQ 1935 2013 2 656 m3 s 93 800 cu ft s HHQ 2007 Basin featuresProgressionRhine North SeaTributaries leftLutschine Lake Brienz Kander Lake Thun Gurbe Saane La Sarine Zihl La Thielle Lakes of Neuchatel and Bienne La Suze Lake of Bienne Dunnern rightGadmerwasser Zulg Emme Murg Wigger Suhre Aabach Reuss Limmat SurbWaterbodiesOberaarsee Grimselsee Raterichsbodensee Lake Brienz Lake Thun Wohlensee Lake Biel Stausee Niederried Klingnauer StauseeIts total length from its source to its junction with the Rhine comprises about 295 kilometres 183 mi 2 4 during which distance it descends 1 565 m 5 135 ft draining an area of 17 779 km2 6 865 sq mi almost entirely within Switzerland and accounting for close to half the area of the country including all of Central Switzerland 4 There are more than 40 hydroelectric plants along the course of the Aare 5 The river s name dates to at least the La Tene period and it is attested as Nantaror Aare valley in the Berne zinc tablet The name was Latinized as Arula Arola Araris 6 nb 1 Contents 1 Course 2 Tributaries 3 Reservoirs 4 Notes 5 Footnotes 6 References 7 External linksCourse edit nbsp The Unteraargletscher nbsp The Aare at Innertkirchen nbsp Inside the Aare GorgeThe Aare rises in the great Aargletschers Aare Glaciers of the Bernese Alps in the canton of Bern and west of the Grimsel Pass 2 The Finsteraargletscher and Lauteraargletscher come together to form the Unteraargletscher Lower Aar Glacier which is the main source of water for the Grimselsee Lake of Grimsel 3 5 The Oberaargletscher Upper Aar Glacier feeds the Oberaarsee which also flows into the Grimselsee 3 The Aare leaves the Grimselsee just to the east to the Grimsel Hospiz below the Grimsel Pass and then flows northwest through the Haslital forming on the way the magnificent Handegg Waterfall 46 m 151 ft past Guttannen Right after Innertkirchen it is joined by its first major tributary the Gamderwasser Less than 1 kilometre 0 62 mi later the river carves through a limestone ridge in the Aare Gorge German Aareschlucht 2 It is here that the Aare proves itself to be more than just a river as it attracts thousands of tourists annually to the causeways through the gorge 3 A little past Meiringen near Brienz the river expands into Lake Brienz Near the west end of the lake it indirectly receives its first important tributary the Lutschine by the Lake of Brienz It then runs across the swampy plain of the Bodeli Swiss German diminutive for ground between Interlaken and Unterseen before flowing into Lake Thun 2 Near the west end of Lake Thun the river indirectly receives the waters of the Kander which has just been joined by the Simme by the Lake of Thun Lake Thun marks the head of navigation 5 On flowing out of the lake it passes through Thun and then flows through the city of Bern passing beneath eighteen bridges and around the steeply flanked peninsula on which the Old City is located To the south of the Old City peninsula is the Mattenschwelle de a weir which provides water for the small Matte hydroelectric power plant River swimming in the Aare is popular in Bern and the river is sometimes full of bathers on summer days The river soon changes its northwesterly flow for a due westerly direction but after receiving the Saane or La Sarine it turns north until it nears Aarberg There in one of the major Swiss engineering feats of the 19th century the Jura water correction the river which had previously rendered the countryside north of Bern a swampland through frequent flooding was diverted by the Aare Hagneck Canal into the Lac de Bienne From the upper end of the lake at Nidau the river issues through the Nidau Buren Canal also called the Aare Canal 3 and then runs east to Buren The lake absorbs huge amounts of eroded gravel and snowmelt that the river brings from the Alps and the former swamps have become fruitful plains they are known as the vegetable garden of Switzerland From here the Aare flows northeast for a long distance past the ambassador town Solothurn 2 below which the Grosse Emme flows in on the right Aarburg where it is joined by the Wigger Olten Aarau 2 near which is the junction with the Suhre and Wildegg where the Seetal Aabach falls in on the right A short distance further below Brugg it receives first the Reuss its major tributary and shortly afterwards the Limmat its second strongest tributary It now turns due north and soon becomes itself a tributary of the Rhine which it even surpasses in volume when the two rivers unite downstream from Koblenz Switzerland opposite Waldshut in Germany The Rhine in turn empties into the North Sea after crossing into the Netherlands Tributaries edit nbsp Aare in Bern nbsp Old bridge at Wangen an der Aare nbsp At the Wasserschloss where the rivers Aare Reuss and Limmat flow together nbsp The convergence of the Aare and the Rhine at KoblenzLimmat after and northeast of Brugg and northwest of Baden Reppisch Sihl Alp Minster Lake Zurich Linthkanal Lake Walen Linth Lontsch Sernf Flatschbach Seez Reuss after and northeast of Brugg and northwest of Baden Lorze Kleine Emme Lake Lucerne Sarner Aa Engelberger Aa Muota Schachen Charstelenbach Goschener Reuss Aabach coming from Seetal in Wildegg Bunz Suhre after and north of Aarau Wyna Aabach from the left in Aarau Stegbach Dunnern in Olten Wigger right before Aarburg Murg before west of Murgenthal Rot Roggwil Langete Langenthal Ursenbach Kleindietwil Rotbach Huttwil Grosse Emme after east of Solothurn Lake of Bienne La Suze in Biel Bienne right next to the outflow Zihlkanal Lake of Neuchatel La Broye flows through Lake Morat Zihl La Thielle L Orbe Le Talent Saane La Sarine after west of Wohlensee Sense Gurbe in Muri bei Bern Zulg west of Steffisburg Lake Thun Kander west of Spiez Simme Entschlige Lake Brienz Lutschine at the end of Lake Brienz right next to the outflow Gadmerwasser right after northwest of Innertkirchen Reservoirs editLake Grimsel 8 1 908 metres 6 260 ft Lake Brienz 8 564 metres 1 850 ft 9 Lake Thun 8 558 metres 1 831 ft 9 Lake Wohlen 10 481 metres 1 578 ft Niederriedsee 10 461 metres 1 512 ft Lake Biel 10 429 metres 1 407 ft Klingnauer Stausee 318 metres 1 043 ft Notes edit The river Obringa mentioned by Ptolemy 2 7 9 as a tributary of the Rhine has been identified with either the Mosel or the Aare 7 Footnotes edit Geoserver of the Swiss Confederation a b c d e f g Bridgwater amp Aldrich 1968 p 11 a b c d e Gresswell amp Huxley 1965 p 27 a b Hoiberg 2010 p 4 a b c Cohen 1998 p 1 Kristol et al 2005 p 73 Forbiger 1848 p 126f a b c Anon 1973 p 74 a b Gresswell amp Huxley 1965 p 272 a b c Anon 1973 p 70References editAnon 1973 Atlas Routier et Touristique in French Paris France Bordas Tirade Bridgwater W Aldrich Beatrice eds 1968 Aare The Columbia Viking Desk Encyclopedia 3rd ed New York NY Columbia University Press ISBN 978 0670230709 Cohen Saul B ed 1998 Aare The Columbia Gazetteer of the World New York NY Columbia University Press ISBN 0 231 11040 5 Forbiger Albert 1848 Handbuch Der Alten Geographie Vol 3 Leipzig Germany Veriag von Gustav Mayer Gresswell R Kay Huxley Anthony eds 1965 Standard Encyclopedia of the World s Rivers and Lakes New York NY G P Putnam s Sons Hoiberg Dale H ed 2010 Aare River Encyclopaedia Britannica 15th ed Chicago IL Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc ISBN 978 0 85229 961 6 Kristol Andres Cattin Florence Meroni Barbara Schmid Gabrielle eds 2005 Aarau AG Aarau Encyclopedia of the Swiss municipality of LSG Dictionnaire de toponymique scommunes Suisses DTS Dizionario dei comuni toponomastico svizzeri DTS Lexikon der schweizerischen Gemeindenamen LSG Dictionnaire toponymique de scommunes suisses DTS Dizionario toponomastico dei comuni svizzeri DTS in German 1st ed Stuttgart Germany Huber Frauenfeld ISBN 3 7193 1308 5 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aare The Aare Gorge Aareschlucht nbsp Texts on Wikisource Aar Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol I 9th ed 1878 pp 2 3 Aar The Nuttall Encyclopaedia 1907 Aar Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol I 11th ed 1911 pp 2 3 Aar Collier s New Encyclopedia 1921 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Aare amp oldid 1173615762, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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