The Bern zinc tablet or Gobannus tablet is a metal sheet found in 1984 in Bern, Switzerland. As it was only analysed after the death of the workman who had found and removed the tablet from its site, its original archaeological context can no longer be precisely determined. According to the scant information available to archaeologist Rudolf Fellmann, it was found in Thormenboden forest within what appears to be a Gallo-Roman context, a layer dominated by Roman roof tiles at a depth of roughly 30 centimetres.[1] It is inscribed with an apparently Gaulish inscription, consisting of four words, each on its own line, the letters formed by little dots impressed onto the metal:
Bern zinc tablet in the Bern Historical Museum, 2019A recreation of the tablet's message
The dedication is to Gobannus, a Gallo-Roman god, the name simply meaning "the Smith". Brenodor is probably a placename, Brenno-duro- "town of Brennus, c.f. Salodurum > Solothurn, Vitudurum > Winterthur, Gaulish -duron "town" deriving from PIE dhur- "door".
Overview map (in Swiss German) of the Gallo-Roman settlement of Bern Engehalbinsel. The tablet is thought to have been found in Thormenboden forest, in the eastern river bend.
Nantaror may refer to the Aare valley (containing as first element nanto- "deep valley with a stream/river"), and Dobnoredo seems to be an epitheton of Gobano, maybe composed of dubno- "world" (Old Irish dumhan (Modern Irish domhan, c.f. Dumnorix, Donald (Gaelic Domhnall) and rēdo- "travel" (Old Irish riad), or rēdā "chariot" i.e. "world-traveller" or "world-charioteer", so that the inscription may mean approximately "to Gobannus, the world-traveller, dedicated by the people of Brennoduron in the Arura valley".[2]
Since the inscription consists of four proper names, it cannot straightforwardly be considered in the Gaulish language. The datives in -o may be either Gaulish or Latin. Use of the Greek alphabet, however, seems to suggest that when the tablet was inscribed, Roman influence was not yet overwhelming, and Gaulish probably was still in wide use. That the tablet does date to Roman Gaul is suggested by the final Ρ of ΝΑΝΤΑΡΩΡ: it was at first written as a Latin R, the additional stroke having been removed again as a scribal error. Mixing of Greek and Latin letters is also attested from a number of Gallo-Roman coins.
The tablet is made of zinc, and on grounds of this it was considered a forgery for some time, since production of zinc is unattested in this region prior to the 16th century. The alloy, however, turned out to be different from modern zinc, containing lead and iron, as well as traces of copper, tin, and cadmium.[3] It was concluded that the zinc of this tablet was collected from a furnace, where the metal is known to have aggregated, Strabo calling it pseudoarguros "mock silver" (in 1546, Georg Agricola rediscovered that a white metal could be condensed and scraped off the walls of a furnace when zinc ores were smelted), but it is believed that it was usually thrown away as worthless. Since the tablet is dedicated to the god of the smiths, it is not unlikely that such zinc remnants scraped from a furnace were collected by smiths and considered particularly smithcraft-related.
Referencesedit
^Rudolf Fellmann: Die Zinktafel von Bern-Thormebodenwald und ihre Inschrift. 2015-12-08 at the Wayback Machine In: Archäologie der Schweiz 14/4 (1991), 271.
^Rudolf Fellmann: Die Zinktafel von Bern-Thormebodenwald und ihre Inschrift. 2015-12-08 at the Wayback Machine In: Archäologie der Schweiz 14/4 (1991), S. 270-273.
^Rehren Th. (1996) A Roman zinc tablet from Bern, Switzerland: Reconstruction of the Manufacture, in Archaeometry 94, The Proceedings of the 29th International Symposium on Archaeometry, Eds S. Demirci et al., Ankara, 35-45.
bern, zinc, tablet, gobannus, tablet, metal, sheet, found, 1984, bern, switzerland, only, analysed, after, death, workman, found, removed, tablet, from, site, original, archaeological, context, longer, precisely, determined, according, scant, information, avai. The Bern zinc tablet or Gobannus tablet is a metal sheet found in 1984 in Bern Switzerland As it was only analysed after the death of the workman who had found and removed the tablet from its site its original archaeological context can no longer be precisely determined According to the scant information available to archaeologist Rudolf Fellmann it was found in Thormenboden forest within what appears to be a Gallo Roman context a layer dominated by Roman roof tiles at a depth of roughly 30 centimetres 1 It is inscribed with an apparently Gaulish inscription consisting of four words each on its own line the letters formed by little dots impressed onto the metal Bern zinc tablet in the Bern Historical Museum 2019A recreation of the tablet s message DOBNORHDO GOBANO BRENODWR NANTARWR Dobnoredo Gobano Brenodor Nantaror The dedication is to Gobannus a Gallo Roman god the name simply meaning the Smith Brenodor is probably a placename Brenno duro town of Brennus c f Salodurum gt Solothurn Vitudurum gt Winterthur Gaulish duron town deriving from PIE dhur door Overview map in Swiss German of the Gallo Roman settlement of Bern Engehalbinsel The tablet is thought to have been found in Thormenboden forest in the eastern river bend Nantaror may refer to the Aare valley containing as first element nanto deep valley with a stream river and Dobnoredo seems to be an epitheton of Gobano maybe composed of dubno world Old Irish dumhan Modern Irish domhan c f Dumnorix Donald Gaelic Domhnall and redo travel Old Irish riad or reda chariot i e world traveller or world charioteer so that the inscription may mean approximately to Gobannus the world traveller dedicated by the people of Brennoduron in the Arura valley 2 Since the inscription consists of four proper names it cannot straightforwardly be considered in the Gaulish language The datives in o may be either Gaulish or Latin Use of the Greek alphabet however seems to suggest that when the tablet was inscribed Roman influence was not yet overwhelming and Gaulish probably was still in wide use That the tablet does date to Roman Gaul is suggested by the final R of NANTARWR it was at first written as a Latin R the additional stroke having been removed again as a scribal error Mixing of Greek and Latin letters is also attested from a number of Gallo Roman coins The tablet is made of zinc and on grounds of this it was considered a forgery for some time since production of zinc is unattested in this region prior to the 16th century The alloy however turned out to be different from modern zinc containing lead and iron as well as traces of copper tin and cadmium 3 It was concluded that the zinc of this tablet was collected from a furnace where the metal is known to have aggregated Strabo calling it pseudoarguros mock silver in 1546 Georg Agricola rediscovered that a white metal could be condensed and scraped off the walls of a furnace when zinc ores were smelted but it is believed that it was usually thrown away as worthless Since the tablet is dedicated to the god of the smiths it is not unlikely that such zinc remnants scraped from a furnace were collected by smiths and considered particularly smithcraft related References edit Rudolf Fellmann Die Zinktafel von Bern Thormebodenwald und ihre Inschrift Archived 2015 12 08 at the Wayback Machine In Archaologie der Schweiz 14 4 1991 271 Rudolf Fellmann Die Zinktafel von Bern Thormebodenwald und ihre Inschrift Archived 2015 12 08 at the Wayback Machine In Archaologie der Schweiz 14 4 1991 S 270 273 Rehren Th 1996 A Roman zinc tablet from Bern Switzerland Reconstruction of the Manufacture in Archaeometry 94 The Proceedings of the 29th International Symposium on Archaeometry Eds S Demirci et al Ankara 35 45 Further reading editKarin Stuber Schmied und Frau Budapest 2005 ISBN 963 8046 55 4 External links edithttps web archive org web 20110531204806 http www univie ac at indogermanistik quellentexte cgi 40 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bern zinc tablet amp oldid 1178845524, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
