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AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel

The AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel is an X-band electronically steered pulse-Doppler 3D radar system used to alert and cue Short Range Air Defense (SHORAD) weapons to the locations of hostile targets approaching their front line forces. It is currently produced by Raytheon Missiles & Defense.

AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel
A Sentinel radar
Country of originUnited States
FrequencyX band
RangeAN/MPQ-64: 40 km (25 mi)
AN/MPQ-64F1/A3: 120 km (75 mi)
AltitudeOperating: 3,000 m (9,800 ft)
Non-operating: 12,000 m (39,000 ft)
Azimuth360°
Elevation–10° to +55°

First built in 1995 as a modification of AN/TPQ-36A for search and track role in the Norwegian NASAMS air defense system, the Sentinel radar is deployed with forward area air defense units of the U.S. Army. Mounted on a towed platform, it can be positioned remotely from the rest of the unit.

Main characteristics edit

The antenna uses phase-frequency electronic scanning technology, forming sharp 3D pencil beams covering large surveillance and track volume. It uses a rotating platform with a high scan rate (30 RPM) to provide 360 degree coverage. The radar is designed with high resistance to electronic countermeasures (ECM) and anti-radiation missiles (ARM).[1]

The system automatically acquires, tracks, classifies, identifies and reports high- and low-altitude targets, including cruise missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles, and both rotary- and fixed-wing aircraft. Identification of friendly aircraft is aided by identification friend or foe (IFF) interrogation.

The system can be deployed using HMMWV fitted with a 10 kW 400 Hz 115/200 VDC on-board power generator. It can be operated autonomously and communicate with the fire direction center via wideband fiber-optic link. It can also distribute its data over a SINCGARS radio network.

AN/MPQ-64A1 Improved Sentinel edit

Under A1 Improved Sentinel modernization program, existing Sentinel units are equipped with modern digital COTS-based electronics for signal and data processing, which ensures greater performance and allows software modification for quick updates of fielded systems.

Waveform upgrades for the receiver/exciter and the replacement of the transmitter with power amplifier modules allows Sentinel to generate, receive and filter low-intensity target classification waveforms. Variable rotation rate increases time on target and position the antenna to improve classification and tracking of smaller cruise missile targets. Updated software supports classification of beyond visual range targets and electronic countermeasures.[2]

The upgrade provides a significant range extension and better detection against subsonic cruise missiles, slow-moving Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and drones, and rotary-wing and fixed-wing aircraft.

AN/MPQ-64F1 edit

Updated version of Improved Sentinel for the NASAMS 2 air defense system.

AN/MPQ-64M2 edit

Employed by the Dutch Joint Ground-based Air Defence Command.

AN/MPQ-64A3 Enhanced Sentinel edit

The U.S. Army ordered the A3 Enhanced Sentinel improvement program in 2011.[3]

The upgrade includes the TPX-57 Mode 5 Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) modification kit, which consists of a new Ethernet router, enhanced Radar Control Terminal (eRCT), Signal Data Processor (SDP) box, and multiple circuit card assemblies. This will convert existing A1 Improved Sentinel units to A3 Enhanced Sentinel configuration, increasing reliability and fixing identified hardware issues [2][4] to match the capabilities of the F1 Improved Sentinel.[3]

The eRCT enables remote operations and includes a tactical data recorder needed to support counter-battery radar capabilities. A new operational mode, Multi Mode Sentinel, provides detection for Rocket, Artillery, and Mortar (RAM) fire, giving rapid information on the point of origin of the hostile fire as well as an estimate of the impact point.

 
AN/MPQ-64A3

AN/MPQ-64A3 is mounted on a 2.5 ton trailer with an on-board power generator, towed by an armored Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) truck.[4]

Additional updates are planned for the FY2016-2022. The Common Platform Upgrade modifies the prime mover for the rotating antenna to a common Army platform, which allows the sensor to receive commands from the Integrated Air and Missile Defense Battle Command System (IBCS) network.

The Adjunct Sensor upgrade improves countermeasure protection and threat detection by using a separate S-Band antenna. Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) upgrade adds Mode S support with GPS M-Code capability.

AN/MPQ-64A4 edit

In 2019, the U.S. Army selected Lockheed Martin to develop the active electronically scanned array (AESA) variant of the radar in a $281 million contract.[5] The Sentinel A4 is a complete redesign of the sensor that uses digital processing and solid-state antenna modules based on gallium nitride (GAN) transmitters. The scalable modular architecture is shared with the long-range AN/TPY-4 radar, which has 1000 individually controlled elements and uses GPU computing for signal processing.[6]

The AESA antenna allows extended range, faster and more accurate hostile target recognition, and ability to track more threats. It will detect and track small targets, such as Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) and Cruise Missiles, and slow targets, such as UAS and Rotary Wing (RW) aircraft, at low altitudes in clutter and urban settings, with high levels of unwanted signals and echoes generated from physical objects in the environment.[2]

Sentinel A4 will be able to contribute sensor data to the Integrated Air and Missile Defense Battle Command System (IBCS) network and Indirect Fire Protection Capability Increment 2.[7]

Manufacturer edit

Produced by Raytheon Missiles & Defense. Before its acquisition by the Raytheon Company, the Hughes Aircraft Co. developed the AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel radar at its plant in Fullerton, California, and manufactured it at its facility in Forest, Mississippi.

Nomenclature edit

Per the Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), the nomenclature AN/MPQ-64 is

  • "AN/" indicating Army/Navy(Marines)
  • "M" for 'mobile',
  • "P" indicating a position finder (radar).
  • "Q" for a special-purpose(multipurpose) radar, in this case 3D RADARs.
  • "64" is the 64th model of this family of MPQ radars.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ . 2007-05-14. Archived from the original on 2007-05-14. Retrieved 2021-10-05.
  2. ^ a b c Exhibit P-40, Budget Line dacis.com
  3. ^ a b "USA: $162.7M for Sentinels to Watch the Skies".
  4. ^ a b "Thales-Raytheon to build 50 AN/MPQ-64 Enhanced Sentinel A3 radar systems in $51.9 million deal".
  5. ^ "U.S. Army awards $281 million contract for newest air and missile defense radar". Defence Blog. 28 September 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  6. ^ "Lockheed Martin completes first AN/TPY-4 radar production". 5 May 2022.
  7. ^ "Sentinel A4". 9 May 2022.

External links edit

  • Sentinel radar at Raytheon Missiles and Defense

sentinel, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, november, 2016, learn, when, remove, this, message, band, electronic. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations November 2016 Learn how and when to remove this message The AN MPQ 64 Sentinel is an X band electronically steered pulse Doppler 3D radar system used to alert and cue Short Range Air Defense SHORAD weapons to the locations of hostile targets approaching their front line forces It is currently produced by Raytheon Missiles amp Defense AN MPQ 64 SentinelA Sentinel radarCountry of originUnited StatesFrequencyX bandRangeAN MPQ 64 40 km 25 mi AN MPQ 64F1 A3 120 km 75 mi AltitudeOperating 3 000 m 9 800 ft Non operating 12 000 m 39 000 ft Azimuth360 Elevation 10 to 55 First built in 1995 as a modification of AN TPQ 36A for search and track role in the Norwegian NASAMS air defense system the Sentinel radar is deployed with forward area air defense units of the U S Army Mounted on a towed platform it can be positioned remotely from the rest of the unit Contents 1 Main characteristics 2 AN MPQ 64A1 Improved Sentinel 3 AN MPQ 64F1 4 AN MPQ 64M2 5 AN MPQ 64A3 Enhanced Sentinel 6 AN MPQ 64A4 7 Manufacturer 8 Nomenclature 9 See also 10 References 11 External linksMain characteristics editThe antenna uses phase frequency electronic scanning technology forming sharp 3D pencil beams covering large surveillance and track volume It uses a rotating platform with a high scan rate 30 RPM to provide 360 degree coverage The radar is designed with high resistance to electronic countermeasures ECM and anti radiation missiles ARM 1 The system automatically acquires tracks classifies identifies and reports high and low altitude targets including cruise missiles unmanned aerial vehicles and both rotary and fixed wing aircraft Identification of friendly aircraft is aided by identification friend or foe IFF interrogation The system can be deployed using HMMWV fitted with a 10 kW 400 Hz 115 200 VDC on board power generator It can be operated autonomously and communicate with the fire direction center via wideband fiber optic link It can also distribute its data over a SINCGARS radio network AN MPQ 64A1 Improved Sentinel editUnder A1 Improved Sentinel modernization program existing Sentinel units are equipped with modern digital COTS based electronics for signal and data processing which ensures greater performance and allows software modification for quick updates of fielded systems Waveform upgrades for the receiver exciter and the replacement of the transmitter with power amplifier modules allows Sentinel to generate receive and filter low intensity target classification waveforms Variable rotation rate increases time on target and position the antenna to improve classification and tracking of smaller cruise missile targets Updated software supports classification of beyond visual range targets and electronic countermeasures 2 The upgrade provides a significant range extension and better detection against subsonic cruise missiles slow moving Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and drones and rotary wing and fixed wing aircraft AN MPQ 64F1 editUpdated version of Improved Sentinel for the NASAMS 2 air defense system AN MPQ 64M2 editEmployed by the Dutch Joint Ground based Air Defence Command AN MPQ 64A3 Enhanced Sentinel editThe U S Army ordered the A3 Enhanced Sentinel improvement program in 2011 3 The upgrade includes the TPX 57 Mode 5 Identification Friend or Foe IFF modification kit which consists of a new Ethernet router enhanced Radar Control Terminal eRCT Signal Data Processor SDP box and multiple circuit card assemblies This will convert existing A1 Improved Sentinel units to A3 Enhanced Sentinel configuration increasing reliability and fixing identified hardware issues 2 4 to match the capabilities of the F1 Improved Sentinel 3 The eRCT enables remote operations and includes a tactical data recorder needed to support counter battery radar capabilities A new operational mode Multi Mode Sentinel provides detection for Rocket Artillery and Mortar RAM fire giving rapid information on the point of origin of the hostile fire as well as an estimate of the impact point nbsp AN MPQ 64A3 AN MPQ 64A3 is mounted on a 2 5 ton trailer with an on board power generator towed by an armored Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles FMTV truck 4 Additional updates are planned for the FY2016 2022 The Common Platform Upgrade modifies the prime mover for the rotating antenna to a common Army platform which allows the sensor to receive commands from the Integrated Air and Missile Defense Battle Command System IBCS network The Adjunct Sensor upgrade improves countermeasure protection and threat detection by using a separate S Band antenna Identification Friend or Foe IFF upgrade adds Mode S support with GPS M Code capability AN MPQ 64A4 editIn 2019 the U S Army selected Lockheed Martin to develop the active electronically scanned array AESA variant of the radar in a 281 million contract 5 The Sentinel A4 is a complete redesign of the sensor that uses digital processing and solid state antenna modules based on gallium nitride GAN transmitters The scalable modular architecture is shared with the long range AN TPY 4 radar which has 1000 individually controlled elements and uses GPU computing for signal processing 6 The AESA antenna allows extended range faster and more accurate hostile target recognition and ability to track more threats It will detect and track small targets such as Unmanned Aircraft Systems UAS and Cruise Missiles and slow targets such as UAS and Rotary Wing RW aircraft at low altitudes in clutter and urban settings with high levels of unwanted signals and echoes generated from physical objects in the environment 2 Sentinel A4 will be able to contribute sensor data to the Integrated Air and Missile Defense Battle Command System IBCS network and Indirect Fire Protection Capability Increment 2 7 Manufacturer editProduced by Raytheon Missiles amp Defense Before its acquisition by the Raytheon Company the Hughes Aircraft Co developed the AN MPQ 64 Sentinel radar at its plant in Fullerton California and manufactured it at its facility in Forest Mississippi Nomenclature editPer the Joint Electronics Type Designation System JETDS the nomenclature AN MPQ 64 is AN indicating Army Navy Marines M for mobile P indicating a position finder radar Q for a special purpose multipurpose radar in this case 3D RADARs 64 is the 64th model of this family of MPQ radars See also editNASAMS AN TPQ 36References edit AN MPQ 64 Sentinel ThalesRaytheonSystems 2007 05 14 Archived from the original on 2007 05 14 Retrieved 2021 10 05 a b c Exhibit P 40 Budget Line dacis com a b USA 162 7M for Sentinels to Watch the Skies a b Thales Raytheon to build 50 AN MPQ 64 Enhanced Sentinel A3 radar systems in 51 9 million deal U S Army awards 281 million contract for newest air and missile defense radar Defence Blog 28 September 2019 Retrieved 6 August 2023 Lockheed Martin completes first AN TPY 4 radar production 5 May 2022 Sentinel A4 9 May 2022 External links editSentinel radar at Raytheon Missiles and Defense Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title AN MPQ 64 Sentinel amp oldid 1176693801, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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