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NASAMS

January 07, 2023

NASAMS (Norwegian Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System, also known as the National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System[5]) is a distributed and networked short- to medium-range[6]: 4  ground-based air defense system developed by Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace (KDA) and Raytheon.[7] The system defends against unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), helicopters, cruise missiles, unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs), and fixed wing aircraft,[6]: 11  firing any of a wide range of existing missiles.

Norwegian (or National) Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System
NASAMS launcher
TypeSurface-to-air missile system
Place of originNorway/United States
Service history
In service1998–present
Used bySee operators
Production history
DesignerKongsberg Defence & Aerospace
ManufacturerKongsberg Defence & Aerospace and Raytheon Missiles & Defense
Specifications
Crew2
Effective firing rangeMissile range: 30 km (NASAMS 2 / AMRAAM)[1] 50 km (NASAMS 3 / AMRAAM-ER)[2][3]
Radar track range: 120 km (NASAMS 2 / MPQ-64F1)[4]
Flight altitude21 km (NASAMS 2) 35.7 km (NASAMS 3 / AMRAAM-ER)

NASAMS was the first application of a surface-launched AIM-120 AMRAAM (Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile). NASAMS 2 is an upgraded version of the system capable of using Link 16, which has been operational since 2007. As of 2022, NASAMS 3 is the latest upgrade; deployed in 2019, it adds capability to fire AIM-9 Sidewinder and IRIS-T SLS short-range missiles (25 km (16 mi)[8]) and AMRAAM-ER extended-range missiles (50 km (31 mi)[2]), and introduces mobile air-liftable launchers. NASAMS has proven interoperability with longer range systems such as Patriot.[9]

Development

Development of NASAMS began in the 1980s when Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace (KDA) teamed up with Hughes Missile Systems and Hughes Aircraft Ground Systems Group and initiated the program as a cooperative effort for the Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF). As originally envisioned, NASAMS would replace two Nike Hercules facilities in defending Norway's southern air bases, where it would act in conjunction with F-16s in providing a layered defense.[10]

The integrated air defense battle management command and control system, based on KS500F computers and the KMC9000 control console with two color CRT displays, was first developed for the Norwegian Adapted Hawk (NOAH) program,[11] an upgrade to the MIM-23B Improved Hawk semi-active radar head, surface-to-air missile system. This command and control system integrated existing AN/MPQ-46 High Power Illuminator Doppler Radar (HPIR) with AN/TPQ-36 counter-battery radar, modified into a three-dimensional low-attitude airspace surveillance radar with the TPQ-36A software upgrade.

The upgraded NOAH would still engage only one target per launcher pad, which was insufficient to counter the emerging threat of massive firing of cruise missiles. Thus RNoAF ordered further development of a distributed, network-centric air defense system with multiple launchers and radars.

The MIM-23B missile was replaced with the active radar homing AIM-120 AMRAAM missile, which also uses an inertial navigation system during initial approach, and the TPQ-36A radar was upgraded to the rotating AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel configuration. Test launches were performed in June 1993; the system had an initial operational capability in late 1994 – early 1995, and was fully operationally fielded in 1998.[citation needed]

An enhanced NASAMS 2 was developed in the 2000s and became operational in 2006, while a third generation, NASAMS 3, was developed in the 2010s and fielded in 2019.

First generation NASAMS

The system integrates US-built TPQ-36A air defense X band 3D radar and AMRAAM missiles with a Norwegian developed battle management C4I (command, control, communication, computers and intelligence) system called FDC, short for Fire Distribution Center. The FDC connected to a radar forms an "Acquisition Radar and Control System" (ARCS). NASAMS capabilities are enhanced by the system's networked and distributed nature.[12] The shelter module hosts two identical consoles for the Tactical Control Officer (TCO) and the Tactical Control Assistant (TCA).

The AMRAAM missile is fired from a towed launcher with six missile canisters. The standard AMRAAM missile has a horizontal range of up to 25 km.[13] Other sources cite a range of "over 15 km" and 40 km for the extended range version.[14]

By the late 1990s, RNoAF formed an integrated ground-based air defense system known as the Norwegian Solution (NORSOL), by connecting NASAMS battle management ARCS stations with two other air defense systems via field wires and radio. Subordinate weapon systems included the RBS 70 laser beam assisted MANPADS system and the Bofors 40mm L70 gun (controlled by the Oerlikon Contraves FCS2000 monopulse doppler tracking radar). The solution integrated all three systems (NASAMS, RBS70, and L70/FCS200) to provide battlefield awareness to commanders of all echelons, and to ensure protection of friendly aircraft while preventing overkill (i.e. engagement of a single threat by multiple air-defense units) and underkill (failure to engage the threat by any unit).

NASAMS 2

 
Spanish NASAMS 2 launcher vehicle during a military parade in Spain
 
Finnish Sisu E13TP NASAMS 2 launcher vehicle

The RNoAF together with KDA conducted a mid-life update of NASAMS in the early 2000s, called NASAMS 2, and the upgraded version was first handed over to RNoAF in mid-2006. The major difference between the two versions is the use of standard tactical data links (Link 16, Link 11, JREAP, ATDL-1 etc.), as well as a better ground radar. Full operational capability (FOC) was expected for 2007.

A complete NASAMS 2 battery consists of up to four firing units; each firing unit includes 3 missile launchers (LCHR) each carrying six AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles, one AN/MPQ-64F1 Improved Sentinel radar, one Fire Distribution Center vehicle, and one electro-optical camera vehicle (MSP500).[15]

The Improved Sentinel radar has a broader frequency spectrum, variable rotation speed, and increased capacity to detect and follow targets. The radar platform comes with its own power supply and can be mounted on a variety of vehicles. Each radar can process and distribute the data independently, and can be connected via radio links, cable, through Multi Rolle Radio, or through TADKOM.

The MSP500 electro-optical sensor from Rheinmetall is equipped with a laser rangefinder and a TV camera, as well as an upgraded thermographic camera.[16] These can be used to fire the missiles passively, which has been successfully tested.

Fire Distribution Centers (FDCs) can form a network with geographically distributed sensors and use either centralised or distributed data fusion to process radar tracks and form a complete airspace picture for the Tactical Control Officer (TCO).[15] Each command post includes two color displays with a task-based common tactical operation control (CTOC) interface.[17][18] The control system can detach itself from the sensors in order to become less visible.

Operators can switch to a centralized control role by running operation center software (GBADOC). An optional Tactical Control Center (TCC) vehicle, similar to the Batallion Operations Center (BOC) for the Hawk XXI upgrade, includes a third command post which can be used for this role.

The control modules can be mounted on a large variety of vehicles. Each module can automatically determine its position using electronic northfinder and GPS receiver.

NASAMS 3

 
High Mobility Launcher (HML) with four AIM-120 AMRAAM and two AIM-9X Sidewinder missiles

In April 2019, RNoAF fielded the upgraded NASAMS 3 system; in May 2019, the first live firing tests were conducted.[19]

NASAMS 3 comes with updated Fire Distribution Center station, an "ADX" console that has ergonomic control surfaces and three 30" flat-panel displays.[20][21] The redesigned Mk 2 canister launcher can fire AIM-9X Sidewinder Block II short-range missiles and AMRAAM-ER missiles from its launching rails, in addition to AIM-120 AMRAAM.[22] AMRAAM-ER is an extended range upgrade based on Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile rocket motor paired with two-stage AMRAAM guidance head, expanding its engagement envelope with a 50 percent increase in maximum range and 70 percent increase in maximum altitude,[23][3] giving a maximum range of about 50 km.[2] The extended range missile will have greater ability to take down fast flying and hard-maneuvering targets.[24] In May 2019 the AIM-9X Block II was test fired from NASAMS launchers at the Andøya Space Center in Norway.[25]

By 2019, a new short-range 'Mobile Ground Based Air Defense System' configuration had been developed, intended for initial deployment with Brigade Nord of the Norwegian Army.[26][27] Each battery includes six mobile short-range (25 km (16 mi)[8][clarification needed]) IRIS-T missiles that can utilize either IRIS-T SLS missile launchers mounted on tracked vehicles or the three-wheeled[clarification needed] M1152A1 HMMWV-based High Mobility Launcher (HML) for the AIM-120 AMRAAM which were originally developed for the U.S. Army SLAMRAAM project and can be air-lifted by C-130 Hercules or C-17 Globemaster.[28][29] The High Mobility Launcher is capable of launching both AIM-120 and AIM-9X from its four launching rails, and can be equipped with two additional rails.[30] IRIS-T launchers and support vehicles will be based on Armoured Combat Support Vehicle (ACSV) and upgraded M113 (M577A2) command vehicles,[31] and will be equipped with XENTA-M X-band radars designed by Weibel Scientific.[32][33][34][35]

In June 2019, Australia ordered a locally made version of NASAMS 3 with CEA tactical (CEATAC) and towed CEA operational (CEAOPS) AESA radars, High Mobility Launchers and radar carries built on Hawkei PMV vehicles instead of HMMWV, and Fire Distribution Center shelters produced at the Raytheon Australia's facility at Mawson Lakes. The system also includes Raytheon AN/AAS-52 Multispectral Targeting System (MTS)-A, an electro-optical/infrared (EO/IR) guidance system with a high resolution day/night imaging sensor, and integrated laser rangefinder.[30] The ADF plans to spend A$2.5 billion on its NASAMS-based air-defence network.[36]

In October 2021, Raytheon announced that NASAMS 3 will be upgraded with GhostEye MR, a new medium-range S-band AESA radar based on GhostEye (formerly LTAMDS) technology developed for the MIM-104 Patriot system.[37][38][39] In March 2022, Raytheon demonstrated that the High Energy Laser Weapon System (HELWS) can be paired with NASAMS to destroy a swarm of drone targets.[40]

Missiles

The AMRAAM is one of the most widely used air-to-air missiles in the world, and stockpiles of it are higher than any other comparable system. As NASAMS uses existing air-to-air missiles such as the AIM-9 Sidewinder, AMRAAM, and AMRAAM-ER, there may be thousands of older missiles in NATO's arsenal that can be fired from a NASAMS battery without change.[citation needed] The AIM-9X variant includes an internal cooling system, eliminating the need for launch-rail nitrogen supply required by older variants of the missile.

A report has described NASAMS as "extremely well suited to Ukraine because of the massive numbers of missiles that NATO and allies can supply, specifically for the air defence system."[41][42] In particular, older AMRAAM A and B models have been replaced, making available many older missiles which could be sent to Ukraine.[43] For example the UK government has offered to donate "[h]undreds of additional air defence missiles" including the AMRAAMs.[44]

Service history

In the US, several NASAMS were used to guard air space over Washington, D.C. during the 2005 United States presidential inauguration, and are used to protect air space around the White House.[45][46][47]

In 2017, Lithuania ordered the NASAMS-3 to improve its own air defense capabilities; two batteries were delivered in 2020.[48]

In April 2017, Australia approved a single-supplier-limited Request for Tender (RFT) to Raytheon Australia to develop NASAMS for the ADF short-range ground-based air-defence system.[49] On 20 June 2019, Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace AS (Norway) was awarded a US$185 million contract by Raytheon Australia for delivery of NASAMS components, while Raytheon Australia is the prime contractor to deliver NASAMS to the Australian Government Land 19 Phase 7B program.[50][51] The Australian version of NASAMS GBAD will use locally made components,[30] Defence minister Marise Payne announced first-pass approval on 10 April 2017.[52] By September 2021, the first two Fire Distribution Centres for the Australian NASAMS had passed factory acceptance tests.[36] By February 2022, the Mk2 canister for NASAMS launchers had been completed; it was planned to deliver three canister launchers in 2022.[53]

In 2019, Qatar placed an order for AMRAAM-ER missiles as part of a NASAMS purchase.[54]

On 1 July 2022, the United States through the Pentagon announced, as part of an $820 million military aid package to Ukraine, the delivery of NASAMS air defense systems through the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI) during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[55] A US defence official said the existing Ukrainian air defense systems are Soviet-type systems, so over time it will be harder to sustain them. This is part of updating Ukrainian air defence from Soviet-era to a modern one.[56] The systems being supplied may come from Norwegian stocks and may be retired units.[57]

On 29 July 2022, the US DoD disclosed that it had started the formal process of acquiring two NASAMS batteries of 12 mobile launchers, each having six missiles, for Ukraine.[58] On 24 August 2022, the US DoD announced that it would provide six additional NASAMS units "with additional munitions" to Ukraine under the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI).[59] The Pentagon said in late September 2022 that the NASAMS would start to be delivered in "two months or so".[60]

The initial NASAMS batteries for Ukraine arrived in early November 2022.[61] The Pentagon stated that NASAMS had a 100% success rate during the Russian missile strikes on 15 November 2022, and Ukrainian President Zelenskyy disclosed that the system shot down 10 missiles out of 10 targeted.[62][63] The US government has been trying to obtain more NASAMS from the Middle Eastern countries as manufacturing a new system from scratch with the current production rates may take two years. According to Raytheon CEO Greg Hayes, the systems obtained from the Middle Eastern countries would later be replaced by the new ones. However, Mr Hayes denied that these Middle Eastern countries would have to wait 2 years to obtain new NASAMS: "Just because it takes 24 months to build, it doesn’t mean it’s going to take 24 months to get in [the] country."[64]

Operators

 
  NASAMS-1 operators
  NASAMS-2 operators
  NASAMS-3 operators
  Awaiting delivery

NASAMS has been exported to the United States, with the NASAMS 2 upgrade having been exported to Finland, the Netherlands, Spain, Oman, and Chile.[65][66]

There were 13 official operators as of September 2022. Kongsberg stated: "NASAMS is in operational use in Norway, Spain, USA, the Netherlands, Finland, Oman, Lithuania, Indonesia and one undisclosed customer. The system is in production for Australia, Qatar, Hungary and Ukraine. NASAMS is in use with both Armies and Air Forces around the world. In addition Poland, Greece and Turkey operate the Kongsberg Command and Control solution for various weapon systems."[6]: 10 

  •   Australia – Contract for NASAMS-3 signed in March 2017, valued at A$2.5 billion.[67] The system will be locally-assembled by Raytheon Australia and will replace RBS-70 systems in service.[68] Australia received its first launchers in 2022.[69]
  •   Chile – Ordered in 2011.[70]
  •   Finland – Selected NASAMS-2 in 2009.[71][72]
  •   Indonesia – Two NASAMS-2 batteries delivered and in service as of 2020.[73]
  •   Lithuania – Two NASAMS-3 batteries delivered in 2020,[74] each with four launchers as a part of a $128 million deal.[75][76] As of mid-2022, Lithuania is in the process of acquiring more units.
  •   Netherlands – Two batteries in 2006, each consisting of 1 fire-control center, 1 AN/MPQ-64M2 radar and 3 launchers, with a Hensoldt TRML-3D/32 search radar.[77][78]
  •   Norway — NASAMS-2 and NASAMS-3.[72]
  •   Oman – Ordered in January 2014, for a sum of $1.28 billion.[79][80][81]
  •   Spain – Four fire units NASAMS-2 acquired in 2003.[72][82]
  •   Ukraine – On 7 November 2022, Ukrainian Defence Minister Oleksiy Reznikov announced that Ukraine had received the first NASAMS system from the US, along with the Italian-made Aspide.[83]
  •   United States – Used with AN/TWQ-1 Avenger for additional protection to high-value targets and Washington D.C.[84][72]

Future operators

  •   Hungary – Ordered in November 2020 in a $1b contract, with 60 pieces of AMRAAM-ER C7/C8 missiles valued at $230M; planned delivery in 2023.[85][86][87]
  •   Qatar – Ordered in July 2019.[88] Qatar is the first country to procure AMRAAM-ER, the surface-to-air extended-range variant.[89]

Potential operators

  •   India: In 2018 India seriously considered acquiring NASAMS, but ultimately did not. The Indian Air Force said that it preferred to invest in the country's own multi-tiered Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) program.[90]
  •   Estonia and   Latvia: In 2022, Latvia and Estonia signed a letter of intent on a joint purchase of medium-range air defense systems. Latvia was to work on the creation of a medium-range air defense system without delay.[91]
  •   Kuwait: Requested to buy 63 AIM-120C-8 Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missiles (AMRAAM); 63 AIM-9X Sidewinder Block II tactical missiles; 12 Multifunctional Information Distribution Systems – Low Volume Terminal (MIDS LVT) Block Upgrade 2; and 12 MIDS LVT Cryptographic Modules. Approved by US State Department as Foreign Military Sale in October 2022.[92]
  •   Taiwan – The US government agreed to let Taiwan buy NASAMS air defense missile systems, during the annual Monterey Talks security meeting between both sides in Annapolis in June 2022. According to the news report, Taiwan will be allowed to buy the latest variant of NASAMS, which can fire AIM-9X, AMRAAM, and AMRAAM-ER missiles.[93] Taiwan decided to purchase "more than four" NASAMS systems, following the US approval. The purchase will not be carried out until 2024, due to the demand on production capabilities for Ukraine.[94]

See also

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  90. ^ Tiwari, Sakshi (12 October 2022). "Once 'Rejected' By India, Ukraine To Get 'Game Changing' NASAMS From US; Will The Game Now Change For Ukraine?". The EurAsian Times.
  91. ^ "Latvia and Estonia sign letter of intent on purchase of medium-range air defense systems". The Baltic Times. 2022-07-01. Retrieved 2022-09-23.
  92. ^ "Kuwait – National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System (NASAMS), Medium Range Air Defense System (MRADS)". Defense Security Cooperation Agency (Press release). 6 October 2022.
  93. ^ Zhu Ming (26 September 2022). "美國同意軍售Nasams防空系統 空軍重啟「天隼二號」力拚排入2024年預算 -- 上報 / 調查" [U.S. agrees to sell NASAMS air defense system]. UP media.
  94. ^ Panasovskyi, Maksim (1 October 2022). "Taiwan will buy NASAMS air defense systems to defend against China". gagadget.com.

External links

  Media related to NASAMS at Wikimedia Commons

  • Kongsberg.com NASAMS page
  • Finland acquire NASAMS and radar system for 500 million eur April 28, 2009

January 07, 2023
nasams, norwegian, advanced, surface, missile, system, also, known, national, advanced, surface, missile, system, distributed, networked, short, medium, range, ground, based, defense, system, developed, kongsberg, defence, aerospace, raytheon, system, defends,. NASAMS Norwegian Advanced Surface to Air Missile System also known as the National Advanced Surface to Air Missile System 5 is a distributed and networked short to medium range 6 4 ground based air defense system developed by Kongsberg Defence amp Aerospace KDA and Raytheon 7 The system defends against unmanned aerial vehicles UAVs helicopters cruise missiles unmanned combat aerial vehicles UCAVs and fixed wing aircraft 6 11 firing any of a wide range of existing missiles Norwegian or National Advanced Surface to Air Missile SystemNASAMS launcherTypeSurface to air missile systemPlace of originNorway United StatesService historyIn service1998 presentUsed bySee operatorsProduction historyDesignerKongsberg Defence amp AerospaceManufacturerKongsberg Defence amp Aerospace and Raytheon Missiles amp DefenseSpecificationsCrew2Effective firing rangeMissile range 30 km NASAMS 2 AMRAAM 1 50 km NASAMS 3 AMRAAM ER 2 3 Radar track range 120 km NASAMS 2 MPQ 64F1 4 Flight altitude21 km NASAMS 2 35 7 km NASAMS 3 AMRAAM ER NASAMS was the first application of a surface launched AIM 120 AMRAAM Advanced Medium Range Air to Air Missile NASAMS 2 is an upgraded version of the system capable of using Link 16 which has been operational since 2007 As of 2022 update NASAMS 3 is the latest upgrade deployed in 2019 it adds capability to fire AIM 9 Sidewinder and IRIS T SLS short range missiles 25 km 16 mi 8 and AMRAAM ER extended range missiles 50 km 31 mi 2 and introduces mobile air liftable launchers NASAMS has proven interoperability with longer range systems such as Patriot 9 Contents 1 Development 1 1 First generation NASAMS 1 2 NASAMS 2 1 3 NASAMS 3 2 Missiles 3 Service history 4 Operators 4 1 Future operators 4 2 Potential operators 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksDevelopment EditDevelopment of NASAMS began in the 1980s when Kongsberg Defence amp Aerospace KDA teamed up with Hughes Missile Systems and Hughes Aircraft Ground Systems Group and initiated the program as a cooperative effort for the Royal Norwegian Air Force RNoAF As originally envisioned NASAMS would replace two Nike Hercules facilities in defending Norway s southern air bases where it would act in conjunction with F 16s in providing a layered defense 10 The integrated air defense battle management command and control system based on KS500F computers and the KMC9000 control console with two color CRT displays was first developed for the Norwegian Adapted Hawk NOAH program 11 an upgrade to the MIM 23B Improved Hawk semi active radar head surface to air missile system This command and control system integrated existing AN MPQ 46 High Power Illuminator Doppler Radar HPIR with AN TPQ 36 counter battery radar modified into a three dimensional low attitude airspace surveillance radar with the TPQ 36A software upgrade The upgraded NOAH would still engage only one target per launcher pad which was insufficient to counter the emerging threat of massive firing of cruise missiles Thus RNoAF ordered further development of a distributed network centric air defense system with multiple launchers and radars The MIM 23B missile was replaced with the active radar homing AIM 120 AMRAAM missile which also uses an inertial navigation system during initial approach and the TPQ 36A radar was upgraded to the rotating AN MPQ 64 Sentinel configuration Test launches were performed in June 1993 the system had an initial operational capability in late 1994 early 1995 and was fully operationally fielded in 1998 citation needed An enhanced NASAMS 2 was developed in the 2000s and became operational in 2006 while a third generation NASAMS 3 was developed in the 2010s and fielded in 2019 First generation NASAMS Edit The system integrates US built TPQ 36A air defense X band 3D radar and AMRAAM missiles with a Norwegian developed battle management C4I command control communication computers and intelligence system called FDC short for Fire Distribution Center The FDC connected to a radar forms an Acquisition Radar and Control System ARCS NASAMS capabilities are enhanced by the system s networked and distributed nature 12 The shelter module hosts two identical consoles for the Tactical Control Officer TCO and the Tactical Control Assistant TCA The AMRAAM missile is fired from a towed launcher with six missile canisters The standard AMRAAM missile has a horizontal range of up to 25 km 13 Other sources cite a range of over 15 km and 40 km for the extended range version 14 By the late 1990s RNoAF formed an integrated ground based air defense system known as the Norwegian Solution NORSOL by connecting NASAMS battle management ARCS stations with two other air defense systems via field wires and radio Subordinate weapon systems included the RBS 70 laser beam assisted MANPADS system and the Bofors 40mm L70 gun controlled by the Oerlikon Contraves FCS2000 monopulse doppler tracking radar The solution integrated all three systems NASAMS RBS70 and L70 FCS200 to provide battlefield awareness to commanders of all echelons and to ensure protection of friendly aircraft while preventing overkill i e engagement of a single threat by multiple air defense units and underkill failure to engage the threat by any unit NASAMS 2 Edit Spanish NASAMS 2 launcher vehicle during a military parade in Spain Finnish Sisu E13TP NASAMS 2 launcher vehicle The RNoAF together with KDA conducted a mid life update of NASAMS in the early 2000s called NASAMS 2 and the upgraded version was first handed over to RNoAF in mid 2006 The major difference between the two versions is the use of standard tactical data links Link 16 Link 11 JREAP ATDL 1 etc as well as a better ground radar Full operational capability FOC was expected for 2007 A complete NASAMS 2 battery consists of up to four firing units each firing unit includes 3 missile launchers LCHR each carrying six AIM 120 AMRAAM missiles one AN MPQ 64F1 Improved Sentinel radar one Fire Distribution Center vehicle and one electro optical camera vehicle MSP500 15 The Improved Sentinel radar has a broader frequency spectrum variable rotation speed and increased capacity to detect and follow targets The radar platform comes with its own power supply and can be mounted on a variety of vehicles Each radar can process and distribute the data independently and can be connected via radio links cable through Multi Rolle Radio or through TADKOM The MSP500 electro optical sensor from Rheinmetall is equipped with a laser rangefinder and a TV camera as well as an upgraded thermographic camera 16 These can be used to fire the missiles passively which has been successfully tested Fire Distribution Centers FDCs can form a network with geographically distributed sensors and use either centralised or distributed data fusion to process radar tracks and form a complete airspace picture for the Tactical Control Officer TCO 15 Each command post includes two color displays with a task based common tactical operation control CTOC interface 17 18 The control system can detach itself from the sensors in order to become less visible Operators can switch to a centralized control role by running operation center software GBADOC An optional Tactical Control Center TCC vehicle similar to the Batallion Operations Center BOC for the Hawk XXI upgrade includes a third command post which can be used for this role The control modules can be mounted on a large variety of vehicles Each module can automatically determine its position using electronic northfinder and GPS receiver NASAMS 3 Edit High Mobility Launcher HML with four AIM 120 AMRAAM and two AIM 9X Sidewinder missiles In April 2019 RNoAF fielded the upgraded NASAMS 3 system in May 2019 the first live firing tests were conducted 19 NASAMS 3 comes with updated Fire Distribution Center station an ADX console that has ergonomic control surfaces and three 30 flat panel displays 20 21 The redesigned Mk 2 canister launcher can fire AIM 9X Sidewinder Block II short range missiles and AMRAAM ER missiles from its launching rails in addition to AIM 120 AMRAAM 22 AMRAAM ER is an extended range upgrade based on Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile rocket motor paired with two stage AMRAAM guidance head expanding its engagement envelope with a 50 percent increase in maximum range and 70 percent increase in maximum altitude 23 3 giving a maximum range of about 50 km 2 The extended range missile will have greater ability to take down fast flying and hard maneuvering targets 24 In May 2019 the AIM 9X Block II was test fired from NASAMS launchers at the Andoya Space Center in Norway 25 By 2019 a new short range Mobile Ground Based Air Defense System configuration had been developed intended for initial deployment with Brigade Nord of the Norwegian Army 26 27 Each battery includes six mobile short range 25 km 16 mi 8 clarification needed IRIS T missiles that can utilize either IRIS T SLS missile launchers mounted on tracked vehicles or the three wheeled clarification needed M1152A1 HMMWV based High Mobility Launcher HML for the AIM 120 AMRAAM which were originally developed for the U S Army SLAMRAAM project and can be air lifted by C 130 Hercules or C 17 Globemaster 28 29 The High Mobility Launcher is capable of launching both AIM 120 and AIM 9X from its four launching rails and can be equipped with two additional rails 30 IRIS T launchers and support vehicles will be based on Armoured Combat Support Vehicle ACSV and upgraded M113 M577A2 command vehicles 31 and will be equipped with XENTA M X band radars designed by Weibel Scientific 32 33 34 35 In June 2019 Australia ordered a locally made version of NASAMS 3 with CEA tactical CEATAC and towed CEA operational CEAOPS AESA radars High Mobility Launchers and radar carries built on Hawkei PMV vehicles instead of HMMWV and Fire Distribution Center shelters produced at the Raytheon Australia s facility at Mawson Lakes The system also includes Raytheon AN AAS 52 Multispectral Targeting System MTS A an electro optical infrared EO IR guidance system with a high resolution day night imaging sensor and integrated laser rangefinder 30 The ADF plans to spend A 2 5 billion on its NASAMS based air defence network 36 In October 2021 Raytheon announced that NASAMS 3 will be upgraded with GhostEye MR a new medium range S band AESA radar based on GhostEye formerly LTAMDS technology developed for the MIM 104 Patriot system 37 38 39 In March 2022 Raytheon demonstrated that the High Energy Laser Weapon System HELWS can be paired with NASAMS to destroy a swarm of drone targets 40 Missiles EditThe AMRAAM is one of the most widely used air to air missiles in the world and stockpiles of it are higher than any other comparable system As NASAMS uses existing air to air missiles such as the AIM 9 Sidewinder AMRAAM and AMRAAM ER there may be thousands of older missiles in NATO s arsenal that can be fired from a NASAMS battery without change citation needed The AIM 9X variant includes an internal cooling system eliminating the need for launch rail nitrogen supply required by older variants of the missile A report has described NASAMS as extremely well suited to Ukraine because of the massive numbers of missiles that NATO and allies can supply specifically for the air defence system 41 42 In particular older AMRAAM A and B models have been replaced making available many older missiles which could be sent to Ukraine 43 For example the UK government has offered to donate h undreds of additional air defence missiles including the AMRAAMs 44 AIM 120 AMRAAM AMRAAM ER AIM 9X SidewinderService history EditIn the US several NASAMS were used to guard air space over Washington D C during the 2005 United States presidential inauguration and are used to protect air space around the White House 45 46 47 In 2017 Lithuania ordered the NASAMS 3 to improve its own air defense capabilities two batteries were delivered in 2020 48 In April 2017 Australia approved a single supplier limited Request for Tender RFT to Raytheon Australia to develop NASAMS for the ADF short range ground based air defence system 49 On 20 June 2019 Kongsberg Defence amp Aerospace AS Norway was awarded a US 185 million contract by Raytheon Australia for delivery of NASAMS components while Raytheon Australia is the prime contractor to deliver NASAMS to the Australian Government Land 19 Phase 7B program 50 51 The Australian version of NASAMS GBAD will use locally made components 30 Defence minister Marise Payne announced first pass approval on 10 April 2017 52 By September 2021 the first two Fire Distribution Centres for the Australian NASAMS had passed factory acceptance tests 36 By February 2022 the Mk2 canister for NASAMS launchers had been completed it was planned to deliver three canister launchers in 2022 53 In 2019 Qatar placed an order for AMRAAM ER missiles as part of a NASAMS purchase 54 On 1 July 2022 the United States through the Pentagon announced as part of an 820 million military aid package to Ukraine the delivery of NASAMS air defense systems through the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative USAI during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 55 A US defence official said the existing Ukrainian air defense systems are Soviet type systems so over time it will be harder to sustain them This is part of updating Ukrainian air defence from Soviet era to a modern one 56 The systems being supplied may come from Norwegian stocks and may be retired units 57 On 29 July 2022 the US DoD disclosed that it had started the formal process of acquiring two NASAMS batteries of 12 mobile launchers each having six missiles for Ukraine 58 On 24 August 2022 the US DoD announced that it would provide six additional NASAMS units with additional munitions to Ukraine under the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative USAI 59 The Pentagon said in late September 2022 that the NASAMS would start to be delivered in two months or so 60 The initial NASAMS batteries for Ukraine arrived in early November 2022 61 The Pentagon stated that NASAMS had a 100 success rate during the Russian missile strikes on 15 November 2022 and Ukrainian President Zelenskyy disclosed that the system shot down 10 missiles out of 10 targeted 62 63 The US government has been trying to obtain more NASAMS from the Middle Eastern countries as manufacturing a new system from scratch with the current production rates may take two years According to Raytheon CEO Greg Hayes the systems obtained from the Middle Eastern countries would later be replaced by the new ones However Mr Hayes denied that these Middle Eastern countries would have to wait 2 years to obtain new NASAMS Just because it takes 24 months to build it doesn t mean it s going to take 24 months to get in the country 64 Operators Edit NASAMS 1 operators NASAMS 2 operators NASAMS 3 operators Awaiting delivery NASAMS has been exported to the United States with the NASAMS 2 upgrade having been exported to Finland the Netherlands Spain Oman and Chile 65 66 There were 13 official operators as of September 2022 Kongsberg stated NASAMS is in operational use in Norway Spain USA the Netherlands Finland Oman Lithuania Indonesia and one undisclosed customer The system is in production for Australia Qatar Hungary and Ukraine NASAMS is in use with both Armies and Air Forces around the world In addition Poland Greece and Turkey operate the Kongsberg Command and Control solution for various weapon systems 6 10 Australia Contract for NASAMS 3 signed in March 2017 valued at A 2 5 billion 67 The system will be locally assembled by Raytheon Australia and will replace RBS 70 systems in service 68 Australia received its first launchers in 2022 69 Chile Ordered in 2011 70 Finland Selected NASAMS 2 in 2009 71 72 Indonesia Two NASAMS 2 batteries delivered and in service as of 2020 73 Lithuania Two NASAMS 3 batteries delivered in 2020 74 each with four launchers as a part of a 128 million deal 75 76 As of mid 2022 Lithuania is in the process of acquiring more units Netherlands Two batteries in 2006 each consisting of 1 fire control center 1 AN MPQ 64M2 radar and 3 launchers with a Hensoldt TRML 3D 32 search radar 77 78 Norway NASAMS 2 and NASAMS 3 72 Oman Ordered in January 2014 for a sum of 1 28 billion 79 80 81 Spain Four fire units NASAMS 2 acquired in 2003 72 82 Ukraine On 7 November 2022 Ukrainian Defence Minister Oleksiy Reznikov announced that Ukraine had received the first NASAMS system from the US along with the Italian made Aspide 83 United States Used with AN TWQ 1 Avenger for additional protection to high value targets and Washington D C 84 72 Future operators Edit Hungary Ordered in November 2020 in a 1b contract with 60 pieces of AMRAAM ER C7 C8 missiles valued at 230M planned delivery in 2023 85 86 87 Qatar Ordered in July 2019 88 Qatar is the first country to procure AMRAAM ER the surface to air extended range variant 89 Potential operators Edit India In 2018 India seriously considered acquiring NASAMS but ultimately did not The Indian Air Force said that it preferred to invest in the country s own multi tiered Ballistic Missile Defense BMD program 90 Estonia and Latvia In 2022 Latvia and Estonia signed a letter of intent on a joint purchase of medium range air defense systems Latvia was to work on the creation of a medium range air defense system without delay 91 Kuwait Requested to buy 63 AIM 120C 8 Advanced Medium Range Air to Air Missiles AMRAAM 63 AIM 9X Sidewinder Block II tactical missiles 12 Multifunctional Information Distribution Systems Low Volume Terminal MIDS LVT Block Upgrade 2 and 12 MIDS LVT Cryptographic Modules Approved by US State Department as Foreign Military Sale in October 2022 92 Taiwan The US government agreed to let Taiwan buy NASAMS air defense missile systems during the annual Monterey Talks security meeting between both sides in Annapolis in June 2022 According to the news report Taiwan will be allowed to buy the latest variant of NASAMS which can fire AIM 9X AMRAAM and AMRAAM ER missiles 93 Taiwan decided to purchase more than four NASAMS systems following the US approval The purchase will not be carried out until 2024 due to the demand on production capabilities for Ukraine 94 See also EditCAMM HISAR Multi Mission Launcher Sky Dragon 50 SPYDER VL MICA VL SRSAMReferences Edit Air Defense India Gets Integrated strategypage com 2020 03 06 Retrieved 2021 01 29 a b c AIM 120 AMRAAM Extended Range GlobalSecurity org a b Surface Launched AMRAAM SL AMRAAM CLAWS United States of America Army Technology com Raytheon MPQ 64F1 Improved Sentinel Radar NASAMS Kongsberg Defence and Aerospace Retrieved October 17 2022 National Advanced Surface to Air Missile System NASAMS Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance September 2022 a b c NASAMS Air Defence System PDF Kongsberg September 2022 nasams www raytheonmissilesanddefense com Retrieved 2022 04 07 a b Diehl Defence IRIS T the short distance missile of the latest generation Diehl com Archived from the original on 30 March 2014 Retrieved 11 March 2015 NASAMS Air Defence System Kongsberg Retrieved October 17 2022 Wilson J R 1989 NASAMS Replaces Nike Norway updates layered air defense International Defense Review 22 3 351 via Internet Archive Military Review The Professional Journal of the United States Army Vol 64 Issue 9 September 1984 pp 85 86 NASAMS suitability for cruise missile defence Archived from the original on 27 September 2009 Air Defense SLAMRAAM Dies From Loneliness www strategypage com Retrieved 25 January 2016 Defense Update Finland Selects Norwegian U S NASAMS for SA 11 Replacement Archived from the original on 27 January 2016 Retrieved 24 December 2014 a b Terje Johnsen Brita Hafskjold Svein Fagerlund Tor Erik Strand Arnstein Jensen Data Fusion for Improved Air Picture Generation in Air Defence Systems 23 December 2005 DOI 10 14339 RTO MP SCI 143 MSP Multi Sensor Platform Rheinmetall Defence Retrieved October 17 2022 Breakthrough in network based defence Kongsberg Defence amp Aerospace Retrieved October 17 2022 Kongsberg Anual Report 2004 An Ocean of Opportunities PDF Kongsberg Gruppen 2005 05 04 p 40 Retrieved 2022 07 15 Tester ut NASAMS III for forste gang Norwegian Armed Forces Forsvaret in Norwegian 7 May 2019 Archived from the original on 2019 05 11 Fire Distribution Center NASAMS KDA Kongsberg Kongsberg Defence Australia starts building FDC shelter for ground based air defence 28 July 2020 Multi Missile Launcher NASAMS KDA www kongsberg com Raytheon completes first AMRAAM ER missile flight tests from NASAMS air defense system Armyrecognition com 5 October 2016 Qatar to Get AMRAAM ER Surface to Air Missiles U S Capital May be Next 12 July 2019 Reichmann Kelsey 19 June 2019 Norway s Air Force tests Sidewinder missile defensenews com Defense News Retrieved 20 June 2019 Contract to deliver Mobile Ground Based Air Defence to the Norwegian Army worth 583 MNOK Kongsberg Retrieved October 17 2022 New NASAMS HML Deployed on Cold Response 2022 26 March 2022 For the first time in 14 years the Army itself can protect itself from air strikes tu no in Norwegian 2017 02 06 Retrieved 2021 01 29 Raytheon delivers first NASAMS High Mobility Launcher to Norway prnewswire com 2013 06 25 Retrieved 2021 01 29 a b c World Leader The Enhanced NASAMS passes Gate 2 ADBR Defence Industy Integrated Vol 38 Special Supplement 1 Nesten 20 ar som forsvarslose Na skal Haeren igjen fa luftvern 4 November 2019 SHORAD Short Range Air Defense Radar Weibel Scientific Retrieved October 17 2022 Danish radar manufacturer wins major supply contract for the Norwegian Army Armada International 26 November 2019 Weibel radars for mobile air defense of the Norwegian Armed Forces Europaische Sicherheit amp Technik 22 November 2019 One Beam Hits All 2 March 2021 a b Defenestrate Land 19 Short Range Ground Based Air Defence System Defence SA Retrieved 2021 09 25 Raytheon Missiles amp Defense unveils GhostEye MR a new medium range air and missile defense radar for NASAMS www raytheonmissilesanddefense com Raytheon Announces New Medium Range Radar System October 11 2021 Soldiers See And Touch Full Scale LTAMDS www raytheonmissilesanddefense com RI amp S HELWS taps NASAMS air defence system to destroy drones April 2022 Anthony Capaccio 2022 10 12 U S has not yet delivered NASAMS air defenses to Ukraine Pentagon Bloomberg Retrieved 2022 10 14 Andrew Greene 2022 10 14 Difficult choices for Ukraine in scramble to secure air defences against Russian missiles The Drive Retrieved 2022 10 14 Tyler Rogoway 2022 10 13 The Common Missile NASAMS Uses Is Its Biggest Advantage For Ukraine Updated The Drive Retrieved 2022 10 14 Britain to donate air defence missiles to Ukraine Reuters 2022 10 12 Retrieved 2022 10 14 Lund Elisabeth 2006 02 16 Norske vapen vokter presidenten Okonomisk Rapport in Norwegian Archived from the original on 2006 05 19 Retrieved June 24 2012 Christensen Maj Ola K 2005 03 08 The Norwegian Solution Battle Griffin 2005 in Norwegian Archived from the original on 2005 11 16 Retrieved June 24 2012 NASAMS September 2015 Archived 2017 03 14 at the Wayback Machine Washington DC has since 2005 been protected 24 7 by NASAMS Lithuania buys Norwegian air defence system amid Russia fears spacedaily com Retrieved 28 October 2017 2 billion for NASAMS GBAD system Australian Defence Magazine www australiandefence com au Retrieved 2021 09 25 Kongsberg Wins 185 5M To Supply NASAMS Components To Australia www defenseworld net Retrieved 2021 09 25 Kongsberg awarded NASAMS contract with Australia worth 1 6 billion NOK www epicos com Retrieved 2021 09 25 NASAMS selected for Australian Army GBAD system IHS Jane s 360 11 April 2017 Retrieved 12 April 2017 GDC 2022 02 01 Kongsberg To Deliver Three Mk2 NASAMS Canisters Launcher To Australia Global Defense Corp Retrieved 2022 02 02 Rogoway Tyler 12 July 2019 Qatar To Get New AMRAAM ER Surface To Air Missiles U S Capital May Be Next www thedrive com The Drive Retrieved 12 July 2019 US to send Ukraine advanced NASAMS air defense weapons in 820 million package Defense News Retrieved 2022 06 01 U S announces 820 million in Ukraine military aid including missile systems PBS Newshour PBS 1 July 2022 Newdick Thomas 1 July 2022 Ukraine Situation Report U S Confirms NASAMS Air Defense System Transfer The Drive Retrieved 2 July 2022 Boyko Nikolov 1 August 2022 NASAMS air defense will face Russian aircraft for the first time bulgarianmilitary com Retrieved 3 August 2022 Nearly 3 Billion in Additional Security Assistance for Ukraine U S Department of Defense Retrieved 2022 08 24 U S has not yet delivered NASAMS air defenses to Ukraine Pentagon Reuters 2022 09 28 NASAMS Aspide sytems already in Ukraine defense chief NASAMS air defense system have 100 success rate in Ukraine Pentagon chief Reuters 16 November 2022 Archived from the original on 16 November 2022 Retrieved 16 November 2022 Zelenskij pro sistemi NASAMS Iz 10 puskiv bulo 10 vluchan Zelenskyy about NASAMS systems there were 10 hits out of 10 launches Ukrinform in Ukrainian 15 November 2022 Retrieved 16 November 2022 LEE HUDSON 1 December 2022 U S looks to shift air defense systems from Middle East to Ukraine Raytheon chief says Politico Retrieved 3 December 2022 Rapid Fire 2010 06 22 Defense Industry Daily 2010 Retrieved 2010 06 25 Dutch Order NASAMS SLAMRAAM Air Defense Systems 2006 12 08 LaPorta James 8 November 2017 Raytheon Australia ink first deal for ground based air defense system UPI Archived from the original on 17 November 2017 Retrieved 25 March 2019 Kerr Julian 25 March 2019 Australian NASAMS to integrate locally designed active phased array radars Jane s 360 Sydney Archived from the original on 25 March 2019 Retrieved 25 March 2019 First NASAMS Mk2 cannister launchers arrive in Australia Australian Defence Business Review 7 June 2022 Archived from the original on 30 September 2022 Retrieved 30 September 2022 Chili poluchit norvezhskie zenitnye kompleksy NASAMS lenta ru in Russian 10 October 2011 Retrieved 30 July 2018 Finland selects KONGSBERG Raytheon air defence system www kongsberg com 29 April 2009 Retrieved 30 July 2018 a b c d NASAMS Air Defence System brochure www kongsberg com Archived from the original on 14 March 2017 Retrieved 30 July 2018 Indonesia receives deploys first NASAMS 2 air defense system asiapacificdefensejournal com 2020 11 16 Retrieved 2021 01 29 Rupsys Valdemaras 10 June 2020 Military chief Lithuanian air defence system reached a new level Lithuanian National Radio and Television Retrieved 19 September 2022 NASAMS III lands in Lithuania Shephard www shephardmedia com Retrieved 2022 11 11 NASAMS III lands in Lithuania Shephard Media 30 October 2020 Retrieved 27 June 2022 Army Ground Based Air Defence System www defensie nl in Dutch 7 October 2015 Retrieved 30 July 2018 Air defence contract with the Netherlands www ksat no 6 December 2006 Retrieved 30 July 2018 Oman to spend more janes com IHS Janes 5 May 2014 Retrieved 30 July 2018 Raytheon Receives Contract for Ground Based Air Defense System for Oman investor raytheon com 23 January 2014 Retrieved 30 July 2018 NASAMS Air Defence System PDF Kongsberg Defence amp Aerospace Retrieved 11 July 2022 Spanish Army Conducts Successful NASAMS Live Fire Exercise www defense aerospace com Retrieved 30 July 2018 Ukraine hails new air defences warns power situation tense 8 November 2022 Retrieved 8 November 2022 Marc Ambinder 2015 04 16 The futuristic air defense system of Washington D C was defeated by a postman The Week Retrieved 2021 01 29 Controversial agreement in box Replaces Soviet Kub air defense with Norwegian developed Nasams tu no in Norwegian 2020 11 23 Retrieved 2021 01 29 Hungary to order AMRAAM ER dsca mil magyarnemzet hu NASAMS legvedelmi raketarendszert kap a Magyar Honvedseg 2020 11 19 Qatar to become first AMRAAM ER user janes com IHS Janes 10 July 2019 Retrieved 11 July 2019 Qatar To Get New AMRAAM ER Surface To Air Missiles U S Capital May Be Next The War Zone The Drive Media Inc 12 July 2019 Retrieved 12 July 2019 Tiwari Sakshi 12 October 2022 Once Rejected By India Ukraine To Get Game Changing NASAMS From US Will The Game Now Change For Ukraine The EurAsian Times Latvia and Estonia sign letter of intent on purchase of medium range air defense systems The Baltic Times 2022 07 01 Retrieved 2022 09 23 Kuwait National Advanced Surface to Air Missile System NASAMS Medium Range Air Defense System MRADS Defense Security Cooperation Agency Press release 6 October 2022 Zhu Ming 26 September 2022 美國同意軍售Nasams防空系統 空軍重啟 天隼二號 力拚排入2024年預算 上報 調查 U S agrees to sell NASAMS air defense system UP media Panasovskyi Maksim 1 October 2022 Taiwan will buy NASAMS air defense systems to defend against China gagadget com External links Edit Media related to NASAMS at Wikimedia Commons Kongsberg com NASAMS page Royal Norwegian Air Force Air and Missile Defence Team Page 1 Royal Norwegian Air Force Air and Missile Defence Team Page 2 Royal Norwegian Air Force Home Page NASAMS II fact sheet in in Norwegian Finland acquire NASAMS and radar system for 500 million eur April 28 2009 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title NASAMS amp oldid 1131912630, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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