Radeon 400 series

The Radeon 400 series is a series of graphics processors developed by AMD. These cards were the first to feature the Polaris GPUs, using the new 14 nm^[8] FinFET manufacturing process, developed by Samsung Electronics and licensed to GlobalFoundries. The Polaris family initially included two new chips in the Graphics Core Next (GCN) family (Polaris 11 and Polaris 12). Polaris implements the 4th generation of the Graphics Core Next instruction set, and shares commonalities with the previous GCN microarchitectures.

Radeon 400 series

Release date	29 June 2016; 7 years ago (29 June 2016)
Codename	Polaris
Architecture	GCN 1st gen GCN 2nd gen GCN 4th gen
Transistors	950M (Olan) 28 nm 1.500M (Cape Verde) 28 nm 2.080M (Bonaire) 28 nm 3.000M (Baffin) 14 nm 5.700M (Ellesmere) 14 nm
Fabrication process	Samsung/GloFo 14 nm (FinFET) Some in 28 nm (CMOS)
Cards
Entry-level	Radeon R5 420 Radeon R5 430 Radeon R5 435 Radeon R7 430 Radeon R7 435 Radeon R7 450 Radeon RX 455 Radeon RX 460
Mid-range	Radeon RX 470D Radeon RX 470 Radeon RX 480
API support
DirectX	Direct3D 12.0 (feature level 12_0) ^[7] Shader Model 6.7 (GCN 4th gen) or Shader Model 6.5
OpenCL	OpenCL 2.1
OpenGL	OpenGL 4.5 (4.6 Windows 7+ and Adrenalin 18.4.1+)^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
Vulkan	Vulkan 1.3 (GCN 4th gen) or Vulkan 1.2^[6] SPIR-V
History
Predecessor	Radeon 300 series
Successor	Radeon 500 series
Support status
GCN 4 cards supported

Naming

The RX prefix is used for cards that offer over 1.5 teraflops of performance and 80 GB/s of memory throughput (with memory compression), and achieve at least 60 FPS at 1080p in popular games such as Dota 2 and League of Legends. Otherwise, it will be omitted. Like previous generations, the first numeral in the number refers to the generation (4 in this case) and the second numeral in the number refers to the tier of the card, of which there are six. Tier 4, the weakest tier in the 400 series, will lack the RX prefix and feature a 64-bit memory bus. Tiers 5 and 6 will have both RX prefixed and non-RX prefixed cards, indicating that while they will both feature a 128-bit memory bus and be targeted at 1080p gaming, the latter will fall short 1.5 teraflops of performance. Tiers 7 and 8 will each have a 256-bit memory bus and will be marketed as 1440p cards. The highest tier, tier 9, will feature a memory bus greater than 256-bit and shall be aimed at 4K gaming. Finally, the third numeral will indicate whether the card is in its first or second revision with either a 0 or 5, respectively. Therefore, for example, the RX 460 indicates that it has at least 1.5 teraflops of performance, 100 GB/s of memory throughput, has a 128-bit memory bus and will be able to achieve 60 FPS in the previously mentioned games at 1080p.^[9]

OpenCL (API)

OpenCL allows use of GPUs for highly parallel numeric computation accelerates many scientific software packages against CPU up to factor 10 or 100 and more. OpenCL 1.0 to 1.2 are supported for all chips with Terascale or GCN architectures. OpenCL 2.0 is supported with GCN 2nd gen. or higher.^[10] Any OpenCL 2.0 conformant card can gain OpenCL 2.1 and 2.2 support with only a driver update.^{[citation needed]}

Vulkan (API)

API Vulkan 1.0 is supported for all GCN architecture cards. Vulkan 1.2 requires GCN 2nd gen or higher with the Adrenalin 20.1 and Linux Mesa 20.0 drivers and newer.

New features

This series is based on the fourth generation GCN architecture. It includes new hardware schedulers,^[11] a new primitive discard accelerator,^[12] a new display controller,^[13] and an updated UVD that can decode HEVC at 4K resolutions at 60 frames per second with 10 bits per color channel.^[13] On 8 December 2016, AMD released Crimson ReLive drivers (Version 16.12.1), which make GCN-GPUs support VP9 decode acceleration up to 4K@60 Hz and twinned with support for Dolby Vision and HDR10.^[14][15]

Chips

Polaris

Polaris 10 features 2304 stream processors across 36 Compute Units (CUs),^[16] and supports up to 8GB of GDDR5 memory on a 256-bit memory interface. The GPU replaces the mid-range Tonga segment of the Radeon M300 line. According to AMD, their prime target with the design of Polaris was energy efficiency: Polaris 10 was initially planned to be a mid-range chip, to be featured in the RX 480, with a TDP of around 110-135W^[17] compared to its predecessor R9 380's 190W TDP. Despite this, the Polaris 10 chip is anticipated to run the latest DirectX 12 games "at a resolution of 1440p with a stable 60 frames per second."^[17]

Polaris 11, on the other hand, is to succeed the "Curacao" GPU which powers various low-to-mid-range cards. It features 1024 stream processors over 16 CUs, coupled with up to 4GB of GDDR5 memory on a 128 bit memory interface.^[18][19] Polaris 11 has a TDP of 75W.^[17][19]

Reviews

Many reviewers praised the performance of the RX 480 8GB when evaluated in light of its $239 release price. The Tech Report stated that the RX 480 is the fastest card for the $200 segment at the time of its launch.^[20] HardOCP gave this card an Editor's Choice Silver award.^[21] PC Perspective gave it the PC Perspective Gold Award.^[22]

RX 480 reference card PCI Express power limit violations

Some reviewers discovered that the AMD Radeon RX 480 violates the PCI Express power draw specifications, which allows a maximum of 75 watts (66w 12v) being drawn from the motherboard's PCI Express slot. Chris Angelini of Tom's Hardware noticed that in a stress test it can draw up to an average of 90 watts from the slot and 86 watts in a typical gaming load.^[23] The peak usage can be up to 162 watts and 300 watts altogether with the power supply in a gaming load.^[23] TechPowerUp corroborated these results by noting it can also draw up to 166 watts from the power supply, past the limit of 75 watts for a 6-pin PCI Express power connector.^[24] Ryan Shrout of PC Perspective did a follow-up test after other reports and found out his review sample takes 80-84 watts from the motherboard at stock speed, and that the other PCI Express slots' 12 volt power supply pins were supplying only 11.5 volts during load on his Asus ROG Rampage V Extreme motherboard.^[25] He was not concerned about the voltage droop due to the specification's 8% voltage tolerance, but did note of possible problems in systems where multiple overclocked RX 480 cards are running in quad CrossFire, or in motherboards that are not designed to withstand high currents, such as budget and older models.^[25]

AMD has released a driver that reprograms the voltage regulator module to draw less power from the motherboard, allowing the power draw from the motherboard to pass the PCI Express specification.^[26] While this worsens the overage on the 6-pin power connector, that violation is not much of a concern because these connectors have a greater safety margin in their power rating.^[26] The amount of power drawn from on the connector is dependent on a newly introduced "compatibility mode" in the driver. When on, compatibility mode reduces the total power consumption of the card, allowing both power sources to operate closer to their ratings. Standard mode yields essentially unchanged performance, while compatibility mode results in performance drops within the error of benchmarks.^[27] Some RX 480 cards designed by AMD's partners include an 8-pin power connector which can provide more power than the stock design.^[28][29]

Chipset table

Main articles: List of AMD graphics processing units, List of AMD processors with 3D graphics, and Graphics Core Next

• Supported display standards are: DisplayPort 1.4 HBR, HDMI 2.0b, HDR10 color ^[30]
• Dual-Link DVI-D and DVI-I at resolutions up to 4096×2304 are also supported, despite ports not being present on the reference cards.

Desktop

Model (Codename)	Release Date & Price	Architecture & Fab	Transistors & Die Size	Core		Fillrate^[a]^[b]^[c]		Processing power^[a]^[d] (GFLOPS)		Memory				TBP	Bus interface
				Config^[e]	Clock^[a] (MHz)	Texture (GT/s)	Pixel (GP/s)	Single	Double	Size (GiB)	Bus type & width	Clock (MT/s)	Band- width (GB/s)
Radeon R5 430 (Oland Pro) ^[31]^[32]	June 30, 2016 OEM	GCN 1^st gen 28 nm	1040×10^6 90 mm^2	384:24:8 6 CU	730 780	17.52 18.72	5.84 6.24	560 599	37.4 40	1 2	DDR3 GDDR5 128-bit	1800 4500	28.8 72	50 W	PCIe 3.0 ×8
Radeon R5 435 (Oland) ^[31]^[33]				320:20:8 5 CU	1030	20.6	8.24	659	41.2	2	DDR3 64-bit	2000	16
Radeon R7 430 (Oland Pro) ^[34]^[35]				384:24:8 6 CU	730 780	17.52 18.72	5.84 6.24	560 599	37.4 40	1 2 4	DDR3 GDDR5 128-bit	1800 4500	28.8 72
Radeon R7 435 (Oland) ^[34]^[36]				320:20:8 5 CU	920	18.4	7.36	589	36.8	2	DDR3 64-bit	2000	16
Radeon R7 450 (Cape Verde Pro) ^[34]^[37]			1500×10^6 123 mm^2	512:32:16 8 CU	1050	33.6	16.8	1075	65.2		GDDR5 128-bit	4500	72	65 W	PCIe 3.0 ×16
Radeon RX 455 (Bonaire Pro) ^[34]^[38]		GCN 2^nd gen 28 nm	2080×10^6 160 mm^2	768:48:16 12 CU		50.4		1613	100.8			6500	104	100 W
Radeon RX 460 (Baffin) ^[39]^[40]^[41]^[19]^[42]	August 8, 2016 $109 USD(2 GB) $139 USD(4 GB)	GCN 4^th gen GloFo 14LPP^[43]^[f]	3000×10^6 123 mm^2	896:56:16 14 CU	1090 1200	61 67.2	17.4 19.2	1953 2150	122 132	2 4		7000	112	<75 W	PCIe 3.0 ×8
Radeon RX 470D (Ellesmere) ^[45]	October 21, 2016 CNY ¥1299 (China Only)		5700×10^6 232 mm^2	1792:112:32 28 CU	926 1206	103.7 135.1	29.6 38.6	3319 4322	207 270	4	GDDR5 256-bit		224	120 W	PCIe 3.0 ×16
Radeon RX 470 (Ellesmere Pro) ^[39]^[41]^[19]	August 4, 2016 $179 USD			2048:128:32 32 CU		118.5 154.4		3793 4940	237 309	4 8		6600	211
Radeon RX 480 (Ellesmere XT) ^[46]^[47]^[48]^[49]	June 29, 2016 $199 USD (4 GB) $239 USD (8 GB)			2304:144:32 36 CU	1120 1266	161.3 182.3	35.8 40.5	5161 5834	323 365			7000 8000	224 256	150 W

• v
• t
• e

1. Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
2. Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
3. Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
4. Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
5. Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units and Compute Units (CU)
6. GlobalFoundries' 14 nm 14LPP FinFET process is second-sourced from Samsung Electronics.^[44]

Mobile

Model (Codename)	Launch	Architecture & Fab	Core		Fillrate^[a]^[b]^[c]		Processing power^[a]^[d] (GFLOPS)	Memory				TDP
			Config^[e]	Clock^[a] (MHz)	Texture (GT/s)	Pixel (GP/s)		Bus type & width	Size (GiB)	Clock (MHz)	Band- width (GB/s)
Radeon R5 M420^[50] (Jet Pro)	15 May 2016	GCN 1^st gen 28 nm	320:20:8	780 855	15.6 17.1	6.24 6.84	499 547	DDR3 64-bit	2	1000	16.0	~20 W
Radeon R5 M430^[51] (Exo Pro)	15 May 2016		320:20:8	1030 ?	20.6	8.2	659.2 659.2	DDR3 64-bit	2	1000	14.4	18 W
Radeon R7 M435^[52] (Jet Pro)	15 May 2016		320:20:8	780 855	15.6 17.1	6.24 6.84	499 547	GDDR5 64-bit	4	1000	32	~20 W
Radeon R7 M440^[53] (Meso Pro)	15 May 2016		320:20:8	1021 ?	20.4	8.17	653 653	DDR3 64-bit	4	1000	16	~20 W
Radeon R7 M445^[54] (Meso Pro)	14 May 2016		320:20:8	780 920	15.6 18.4	6.24 7.36	499 589	GDDR5 64-bit	4	1000	32	~20 W
Radeon R7 M460^[55]^[56] (Meso XT)	April 2016		384:24:8	1100 1125	26.4 27.0	8.8 9.00	844 864	DDR3 64-bit	2	900	14.4	Un­known
Radeon RX 460^[57] (Baffin)	August 2016	GCN 4^th gen 14 nm	896:56:16	Un­known	Un­known	Un­known	Un­known	GDDR5 128-bit	2	1750	112	35 W?
Radeon R7 M465^[58]^[59] (Litho XT)	May 2016	GCN 1^st gen 28 nm	384:24:8	825 960	19.8 23.0	6.6 7.68	634 737	GDDR5 128-bit	4	1150	32	Un­known
Radeon R7 M465X^[60] (Tropo XT)	May 2016		512:32:16	900 925	28.8 29.6	14.4 14.80	921 947	GDDR5 128-bit	4	1125	72	Un­known
Radeon R9 M470^[61] (Strato Pro)	May 2016	GCN 2^nd gen 28 nm	768:48:16	900 1000	43.2 48.0	14.4 16.00	1382 1536	GDDR5 128-bit	4	1500	96	~75 W
Radeon R9 M470X^[62] (Strato XT)	May 2016		896:56:16	1000 1100	56.0 61.6	16.00 17.60	1792 1971	GDDR5 128-bit	4	1500	96	~75 W
Radeon RX 470^[63] (Ellesmere Pro)	August 2016	GCN 4^th gen 14 nm	2048:128:32	Un­known	Un­known	Un­known	Un­known	GDDR5 256-bit	4	1650	211	85 W?
Radeon RX 480M (Baffin)	TBA		1024:xx:xx	Un­known	Un­known	Un­known	Un­known	GDDR5 128-bit	Un­known	Un­known	Un­known	35 W
Radeon R9 M485X^[64] (Antigua XT)	May 2016	GCN 3^rd gen 28 nm	2048:128:32	723	92.5	23.14	2961	GDDR5 256-bit	8	1250	160	~100 W

• v
• t
• e

1. Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
2. Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
3. Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
4. Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
5. Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units

Radeon Feature Matrix

The following table shows features of AMD/ATI's GPUs (see also: List of AMD graphics processing units).

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Name of GPU series	Wonder	Mach	3D Rage	Rage Pro	Rage 128	R100	R200	R300	R400	R500	R600	RV670	R700	Evergreen	Northern Islands	Southern Islands	Sea Islands	Volcanic Islands	Arctic Islands/Polaris	Vega	Navi 1x	Navi 2x	Navi 3x
Released	1986	1991	Apr 1996	Mar 1997	Aug 1998	Apr 2000	Aug 2001	Sep 2002	May 2004	Oct 2005	May 2007	Nov 2007	Jun 2008	Sep 2009	Oct 2010	Jan 2012	Sep 2013	Jun 2015	Jun 2016, Apr 2017, Aug 2019	Jun 2017, Feb 2019	Jul 2019	Nov 2020	Dec 2022
Marketing Name	Wonder	Mach	3D Rage	Rage Pro	Rage 128	Radeon 7000	Radeon 8000	Radeon 9000	Radeon X700/X800	Radeon X1000	Radeon HD 2000	Radeon HD 3000	Radeon HD 4000	Radeon HD 5000	Radeon HD 6000	Radeon HD 7000	Radeon 200	Radeon 300	Radeon 400/500/600	Radeon RX Vega, Radeon VII	Radeon RX 5000	Radeon RX 6000	Radeon RX 7000
AMD support
Kind	2D		3D
Instruction set architecture	Not publicly known										TeraScale instruction set					GCN instruction set					RDNA instruction set
Microarchitecture											TeraScale 1 (VLIW)			TeraScale 2 (VLIW5)	TeraScale 2 (VLIW5) up to 68xx TeraScale 3 (VLIW4) in 69xx ^[65]^[66]	GCN 1st gen	GCN 2nd gen	GCN 3rd gen	GCN 4th gen	GCN 5th gen	RDNA	RDNA 2	RDNA 3
Type	Fixed pipeline^[a]						Programmable pixel & vertex pipelines				Unified shader model
Direct3D	—		5.0	6.0		7.0	8.1	9.0 11 (9_2)	9.0b 11 (9_2)	9.0c 11 (9_3)	10.0 11 (10_0)	10.1 11 (10_1)		11 (11_0)		11 (11_1) 12 (11_1)	11 (12_0) 12 (12_0)			11 (12_1) 12 (12_1)		11 (12_1) 12 (12_2)
Shader model	—						1.4	2.0+	2.0b	3.0	4.0	4.1		5.0		5.1	5.1 6.5			6.7
OpenGL	—			1.1	1.2	1.3		2.1^[b]^[67]			3.3			4.5 (on Linux: 4.5 (Mesa 3D 21.0))^[68]^[69]^[70]^[c]		4.6 (on Linux: 4.6 (Mesa 3D 20.0))
Vulkan	—															1.0 (Win 7+ or Mesa 17+)	1.2 (Adrenalin 20.1.2, Linux Mesa 3D 20.0) 1.3 (GCN 4 and above (with Adrenalin 22.1.2, Mesa 22.0))						1.3
OpenCL	—										Close to Metal		1.1 (no Mesa 3D support)	1.2+ (on Linux: 1.1+ (no Image support on clover, with by rustiCL) with Mesa 3D, 1.2+ on GCN 1.Gen)			2.0+ (Adrenalin driver on Win7+) (on Linux ROCM, Linux Mesa 3D 1.2+ (no Image support in clover, but in rustiCL with Mesa 3D, 2.0+ and 3.0 with AMD drivers or AMD ROCm), 5th gen: 2.2 win 10+ and Linux RocM 5.0+				2.2+ and 3.0 windows 8.1+ and Linux ROCM 5.0+ (Mesa 3D rustiCL 1.2+ and 3.0 (2.1+ and 2.2+ wip)) ^[71] ^[72]^[73]
HSA / ROCm	—																				?
Video decoding ASIC	—										Avivo/UVD	UVD+	UVD 2	UVD 2.2	UVD 3	UVD 4	UVD 4.2	UVD 5.0 or 6.0	UVD 6.3	UVD 7 ^[74]^[d]	VCN 2.0 ^[74]^[d]	VCN 3.0 ^[75]	VCN 4.0
Video encoding ASIC	—															VCE 1.0	VCE 2.0	VCE 3.0 or 3.1	VCE 3.4	VCE 4.0 ^[74]^[d]
Fluid Motion ^[e]																							?
Power saving	?										PowerPlay				PowerTune	PowerTune & ZeroCore Power					?
TrueAudio	—																Via dedicated DSP		Via shaders
FreeSync	—																1 2
HDCP^[f]	?																1.4		2.2		2.3 ^[76]
PlayReady^[f]	—																		3.0		3.0
Supported displays^[g]						1–2	2							2–6							?
Max. resolution	?													2–6 × 2560×1600		2–6 × 4096×2160 @ 30 Hz			2–6 × 5120×2880 @ 60 Hz	3 × 7680×4320 @ 60 Hz ^[77]	7680×4320 @ 60 Hz PowerColor		7680x4320 @165 HZ
/drm/radeon^[h]																		—
/drm/amdgpu^[h]	—															Experimental ^[78]

1. The Radeon 100 Series has programmable pixel shaders, but do not fully comply with DirectX 8 or Pixel Shader 1.0. See article on R100's pixel shaders.
2. R300, R400 and R500 based cards do not fully comply with OpenGL 2+ as the hardware does not support all types of non-power of two (NPOT) textures.
3. OpenGL 4+ compliance requires supporting FP64 shaders and these are emulated on some TeraScale chips using 32-bit hardware.
4. The UVD and VCE were replaced by the Video Core Next (VCN) ASIC in the Raven Ridge APU implementation of Vega.
5. Video processing for video frame rate interpolation technique. In Windows it works as a DirectShow filter in your player. In Linux, there is no support on the part of drivers and / or community.
6. To play protected video content, it also requires card, operating system, driver, and application support. A compatible HDCP display is also needed for this. HDCP is mandatory for the output of certain audio formats, placing additional constraints on the multimedia setup.
7. More displays may be supported with native DisplayPort connections, or splitting the maximum resolution between multiple monitors with active converters.
8. DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) is a component of the Linux kernel. AMDgpu is the Linux kernel module. Support in this table refers to the most current version.

See also

• AMD Radeon Pro
• AMD FirePro
• AMD FireMV
• AMD FireStream
• AMD Vega
• List of AMD graphics processing units

References

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