The Alfabeto Unificado para a Escrita do Caboverdiano (Unified Alphabet for Cape Verdean Writing), commonly known as ALUPEC, is the alphabet that was officially recognized[1] by the Cape Verdean government to write Cape Verdean Creole.
The ALUPEC is a phonetic writing system based on the Latin script and states only which letters should be used to represent each sound. The system does not establish rules for spelling (orthography). For that reason, Cape Verdean creole writing is not standardized; the same word or the same sentence may appear written in different ways. Cape Verdeans write idiosyncratically — that is, each person writes in his or her own dialect, sociolect, and idiolect.
The descriptive texts concerning the ALUPEC[2][3] claim that it is "a system composed by 23 letters and four digraphs". What those texts do not specify is that the ALUPEC also includes the letter Y and the digraph RR.
Older documents, such as the 1994[4]Proposed Criteria of the Unified Alphabet for the Cape Verdean Writing System, showed the following order: A B S D E F G H I J DJ L LH M N NH N̈ O P K R T U V X TX Z
Later documents (after 1998)[5] show the following order: A B D DJ E F G H I J K L LH M N NH N̈ O P R S T TX U V X Z
The ALUPEC comes close to a perfect phonetic system in that almost every letter represents only one sound and almost every sound is represented by only one letter. The vowels may have a graphic accent, but the system does not consider letters with accents as separate letters.
Letter
IPA
Description
a
/a/ or /ɐ/
like a in Portuguese pá or like a in (European) Portuguese para
á
/a/
like a in Portuguese pá
â
/ɐ/
like a in (European) Portuguese para
b
/b/
like b in English but
d
/d/
like d in Portuguese dedo
dj
/dʒ/
like j in English just
e
/e/ *
like e in Portuguese dedo, never like i in Portuguese filho * see notes on Barlavento usage
é
/ɛ/
like e in Portuguese ferro
ê
/e/
like e in Portuguese dedo
f
/f/
like f in English for
g
/ɡ/
always like g in English go, never like s in English pleasure
like o in Portuguese amor never like u in Portuguese tu
ó
/ɔ/
like o in Portuguese porta
ô
/o/
like o in Portuguese amor
p
/p/
like p in Portuguese para
r
/ɾ/ or /ʀ/
like r in Portuguese porta or like r in Portuguese rato
rr
/ʀ/
like rr in Portuguese ferro
s
/s/ *
like s in Portuguese sim, never like z in Portuguese zero * see notes on Barlavento usage
t
/t/
like t in Portuguese tu
tx
/tʃ/
like ch in English chair
u
/u/ or /w/
like u in Portuguese tu or like w in English wet
ú
/u/
like u in Portuguese tu
v
/v/
like v in English vain
x
/ʃ/
like sh in English ship, never like the Portuguese words sexo, próximo or exame
z
/z/
like z in Portuguese zero
Additional notes:
The letter y is used only to represent the copulative conjunction (corresponding to "e" in Portuguese, which means and), in the same fashion as in Spanish.
The letter r has the sound /ʀ/ only in the beginning of the words.
The letter n in the end of the syllables is not pronounced, it only indicates the nasality of the preceding vowel.
The personal pronoun that represents the subject form of the first person of the singular (English “I”) is always written with the capital letter N, whatever the pronunciation, whatever the Creole variant.
The graphic accents are used to indicate the stressed syllable in proparoxytone words, and to indicate the stressed syllable in oxytone words that do not end in a consonant; the acute accent is also used in paroxytone words when the stressed syllable has the sounds /ɛ/ or /ɔ/.
When writing Santo Antão Creole and São Vicente Creole, the letter s can be pronounced as [s], [ʃ], and [ʒ], depending on context. This mostly corresponds to the (European) Portuguese s, except, as noted, the intervocalic s (pronounced [z] in Portuguese). See Portuguese phonology.
When writing Barlavento Creoles, the letter e is written in the place of vowels that would exist in equivalent Sotavento words. If this written vowel was simply omitted, syllables could be left without vowels, or consonants left at the end of a word, in ways deemed improper. For example:
/dbɔʃ/ is written debóxe, not dbóx (compare Sotavento dibaxu)
/amdʒers/ is written amedjeres, not amdjers (Sotavento mudjeris)[5] This is a contradiction within the ALUPEC, which intends to be a phonetic system in that every letter should represent only one sound and every sound should be represented by only one letter. Some words in Barlavento Creoles will have, therefore, a dubious representation, with the pronunciation to be deduced by context. Examples:
word with the phoneme /e/ indeed
translation into English
Word with the phoneme elided
comparison with the same word in Sotavento Creoles
translation into English
bejon /beˈʒõ/
big kiss
bejon /bʒõ/
bujon /buˈʒõ/
imaginary bird that haunts children (Pt: abujão)
kemâ /keˈmɐ/
to burn
kemâ /kmɐ/
kumâ /kuˈmɐ/
that (subordinating conjunction)
pelâ /peˈlɐ/
to peel
pelâ /plɐ/
pilâ /piˈlɐ/
to pound
petâ /peˈtɐ/
to defy someone with the chest
petâ /ptɐ/
botâ /boˈtɐ/
to throw
pezâ /peˈzɐ/
to weigh
pezâ /pzɐ/
pizâ /piˈzɐ/
to step on
remâ /ʀeˈmɐ/
to row
remâ /ʀmɐ/
rumâ /ʀuˈmɐ/
to put in place, to arrange
se /se/
his / her
se /s/
si /si/
if
HistoryEdit
The ALUPEC emerged in 1994, from the alphabet proposed by the Colóquio Linguístico de Mindelo, in 1979.
On 20 July 1998, the ALUPEC was approved[5][6] by the Conselho de Ministros de Cabo Verde, for a five-year trial period. According to the same council, the ALUPEC would "take into account the diversity of the Cape Verdean Language in all the islands, and only after that trial period its introduction in schools would be considered".
In 2005, the ALUPEC was recognized[1] by the Cape Verdean government as a viable system for writing the Cape Verdean Creole, becoming the first (and as of 2023[update] the only) alphabet to attain such status. Nevertheless, the same law allows the usage of alternative writing models, "as long they are presented in a systematized and scientific way".
In 2009, Decree-Law No. 8/2009 officially institutionalized the use of the ALUPEC.[7]
In spite of having been officially recognized by the state, the usage of ALUPEC is neither official nor mandatory.
ReferencesEdit
^ abResolução n.º 48/2005 (Boletim Oficial da República de Cabo Verde – 2005)
^O caboverdiano em 45 lições (Veiga, Manuel – 2002)
^Proposta de Bases do Alfabeto unificado para a Escrita do Cabo-verdiano (Grupo para a padronização do alfabeto; Praia: IIPC, 2006)
^Proposed Criteria of the Unified Alphabet for the Capeverdean writing system 2007-09-21 at the Wayback Machine - funana.org
^ abcDecreto-Lei n.º 67/98 (Boletim Oficial da República de Cabo Verde – 1998)
^Decreto-Lei n.º 67/98 (published in the Boletim Oficial da República de Cabo Verde – 1998)
^Decreto-Lei n.º 8/2009 (published in the Boletim Oficial da República de Cabo Verde No. 11 of 16 March 2009, pages 74–76)
External linksEdit
(in Creole)
(in Portuguese)
— a proposal for São Vicente Creole writing
October 17, 2023
alupec, alfabeto, unificado, para, escrita, caboverdiano, unified, alphabet, cape, verdean, writing, commonly, known, alphabet, that, officially, recognized, cape, verdean, government, write, cape, verdean, creole, contents, description, history, references, e. The Alfabeto Unificado para a Escrita do Caboverdiano Unified Alphabet for Cape Verdean Writing commonly known as ALUPEC is the alphabet that was officially recognized 1 by the Cape Verdean government to write Cape Verdean Creole Contents 1 Description 2 History 3 References 4 External linksDescription EditThe ALUPEC is a phonetic writing system based on the Latin script and states only which letters should be used to represent each sound The system does not establish rules for spelling orthography For that reason Cape Verdean creole writing is not standardized the same word or the same sentence may appear written in different ways Cape Verdeans write idiosyncratically that is each person writes in his or her own dialect sociolect and idiolect The descriptive texts concerning the ALUPEC 2 3 claim that it is a system composed by 23 letters and four digraphs What those texts do not specify is that the ALUPEC also includes the letter Y and the digraph RR Older documents such as the 1994 4 Proposed Criteria of the Unified Alphabet for the Cape Verdean Writing System showed the following order A B S D E F G H I J DJ L LH M N NH N O P K R T U V X TX ZLater documents after 1998 5 show the following order A B D DJ E F G H I J K L LH M N NH N O P R S T TX U V X ZThe ALUPEC comes close to a perfect phonetic system in that almost every letter represents only one sound and almost every sound is represented by only one letter The vowels may have a graphic accent but the system does not consider letters with accents as separate letters Letter IPA Descriptiona a or ɐ like a in Portuguese pa or like a in European Portuguese paraa a like a in Portuguese paa ɐ like a in European Portuguese parab b like b in English butd d like d in Portuguese dedodj dʒ like j in English juste e like e in Portuguese dedo never like i in Portuguese filho see notes on Barlavento usagee ɛ like e in Portuguese ferroe e like e in Portuguese dedof f like f in English forg ɡ always like g in English go never like s in English pleasureh used only in the digraphs lh and nhi i or j like i in Portuguese vi or like y in English yesi i like i in Portuguese vij ʒ like s in English measurek k like c in Portuguese cacol l like l in French ellelh ʎ like lh in Portuguese filhom m like m in English men n like n in Portuguese naonh ɲ like nh in Portuguese ninhon n with diaeresis ŋ like ng in English kingo o like o in Portuguese amor never like u in Portuguese tuo ɔ like o in Portuguese portao o like o in Portuguese amorp p like p in Portuguese parar ɾ or ʀ like r in Portuguese porta or like r in Portuguese ratorr ʀ like rr in Portuguese ferros s like s in Portuguese sim never like z in Portuguese zero see notes on Barlavento usaget t like t in Portuguese tutx tʃ like ch in English chairu u or w like u in Portuguese tu or like w in English wetu u like u in Portuguese tuv v like v in English vainx ʃ like sh in English ship never like the Portuguese words sexo proximo or examez z like z in Portuguese zeroAdditional notes The letter y is used only to represent the copulative conjunction corresponding to e in Portuguese which means and in the same fashion as in Spanish The letter r has the sound ʀ only in the beginning of the words The letter n in the end of the syllables is not pronounced it only indicates the nasality of the preceding vowel The personal pronoun that represents the subject form of the first person of the singular English I is always written with the capital letter N whatever the pronunciation whatever the Creole variant The graphic accents are used to indicate the stressed syllable in proparoxytone words and to indicate the stressed syllable in oxytone words that do not end in a consonant the acute accent is also used in paroxytone words when the stressed syllable has the sounds ɛ or ɔ When writing Santo Antao Creole and Sao Vicente Creole the letter s can be pronounced as s ʃ and ʒ depending on context This mostly corresponds to the European Portuguese s except as noted the intervocalic s pronounced z in Portuguese See Portuguese phonology When writing Barlavento Creoles the letter e is written in the place of vowels that would exist in equivalent Sotavento words If this written vowel was simply omitted syllables could be left without vowels or consonants left at the end of a word in ways deemed improper For example dbɔʃ is written deboxe not dbox compare Sotavento dibaxu amdʒers is written amedjeres not amdjers Sotavento mudjeris 5 This is a contradiction within the ALUPEC which intends to be a phonetic system in that every letter should represent only one sound and every sound should be represented by only one letter Some words in Barlavento Creoles will have therefore a dubious representation with the pronunciation to be deduced by context Examples word with the phoneme e indeed translation into English Word with the phoneme elided comparison with the same wordin Sotavento Creoles translation into Englishbejon beˈʒo big kiss bejon bʒo bujon buˈʒo imaginary bird thathaunts children Pt abujao kema keˈmɐ to burn kema kmɐ kuma kuˈmɐ that subordinating conjunction pela peˈlɐ to peel pela plɐ pila piˈlɐ to poundpeta peˈtɐ to defy someonewith the chest peta ptɐ bota boˈtɐ to throwpeza peˈzɐ to weigh peza pzɐ piza piˈzɐ to step onrema ʀeˈmɐ to row rema ʀmɐ ruma ʀuˈmɐ to put in place to arrangese se his her se s si si ifHistory EditThe ALUPEC emerged in 1994 from the alphabet proposed by the Coloquio Linguistico de Mindelo in 1979 On 20 July 1998 the ALUPEC was approved 5 6 by the Conselho de Ministros de Cabo Verde for a five year trial period According to the same council the ALUPEC would take into account the diversity of the Cape Verdean Language in all the islands and only after that trial period its introduction in schools would be considered In 2005 the ALUPEC was recognized 1 by the Cape Verdean government as a viable system for writing the Cape Verdean Creole becoming the first and as of 2023 update the only alphabet to attain such status Nevertheless the same law allows the usage of alternative writing models as long they are presented in a systematized and scientific way In 2009 Decree Law No 8 2009 officially institutionalized the use of the ALUPEC 7 In spite of having been officially recognized by the state the usage of ALUPEC is neither official nor mandatory References Edit a b Resolucao n º 48 2005 Boletim Oficial da Republica de Cabo Verde 2005 O caboverdiano em 45 licoes Veiga Manuel 2002 Proposta de Bases do Alfabeto unificado para a Escrita do Cabo verdiano Grupo para a padronizacao do alfabeto Praia IIPC 2006 Proposed Criteria of the Unified Alphabet for the Capeverdean writing system Archived 2007 09 21 at the Wayback Machine funana org a b c Decreto Lei n º 67 98 Boletim Oficial da Republica de Cabo Verde 1998 Decreto Lei n º 67 98 published in the Boletim Oficial da Republica de Cabo Verde 1998 Decreto Lei n º 8 2009 published in the Boletim Oficial da Republica de Cabo Verde No 11 of 16 March 2009 pages 74 76 External links EditCapeverdean Alphabet ALUPEC Alfabetu Kabuverdianu Proposed Criteria of the Unified Alphabet for the Cape Verdean Writing System Na difeza di un skrita pa kriolu di Kabu Verdi in Creole Pa Nu Skrebe Na Skola in Portuguese Orthographic guidelines for writing Sao Vicentean Kriol a proposal for Sao Vicente Creole writing Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title ALUPEC amp oldid 1158038710, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
