3 (company)

"Orange Australia" redirects here. For the city in Australia, see Orange, New South Wales.

This article is about the global telecommunications brand name. For other uses, see 3 (disambiguation).

Hutchison 3G Enterprises S.A.R.L.,^[2] trading as 3 (Three) and Hutchison 3G (H3G), is the owner of several UMTS-based mobile phone networks and broadband Internet providers, which operate in Hong Kong, Macau, Austria, Denmark, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.^[3]

Hutchison 3G Enterprises S.A.R.L.

Trade name	3 (Three) Hutchison 3G (H3G)
Type	S.A.R.L.
Industry	Telecommunications
Founded	3 March 2003; 20 years ago (2003-03-03)^[1]
Founder	Hutchison Whampoa
Headquarters	Hong Kong (owner headquarters) Luxembourg (intellectual property management company headquarters)
Area served	Austria, Denmark, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Macau, Sweden, United Kingdom
Key people	Canning Fok
Products	Mobile telephony, fixed telephony
Owner	CK Hutchison Holdings (100%)
Parent	CK Hutchison Holdings
Subsidiaries	3 Hong Kong Three UK Drei Austria Tri Indonesia Three Ireland 3 Italy 3 Denmark Tre Sverige
Website	www.three.com

The brand was officially founded on March 3, 2003 in Hong Kong.^[4][5]

As of 2022^[update], registered "Three" customers worldwide numbered over 110 million.^[6]

All 3-branded network companies are wholly-owned subsidiaries of CK Hutchison Holdings (formerly Hutchison Whampoa) but the ownership structure varies. CK Hutchison Holdings owns direct majority interests of six networks through 3 Group Europe, including Austria, Denmark, Italy, Ireland, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Hutchison Telecommunications Hong Kong Holdings operates the networks in Hong Kong and Macau, while Indosat Ooredoo Hutchison operates the network in Indonesia.^[7][8][9] All 3-branded networks provide 4G (LTE) and 3G (WCDMA) services; some also run 2G networks and 5G services.

CK Hutchison Holdings no longer holds a 3G licence in Israel which was formerly operated under the brand Orange (now Partner Communications Company), and in Norway where an unused licence was previously held by 3 Scandinavia.

Etymologies and logo

During the launch of the brand in 2002, when Hutchison Whampoa sold its 2G business to Orange, the brand name 3 (Three) represented their new 3G services.^[10] In 2003, CK Hutchison Holdings stated that the name refers to their three global telecommunication services: 3G, GSM Dualband and CDMA.^[11]

The logo, which is a visual representation of the number "3", was originally three-dimensional and orange in colour. Throughout the years of operation, it has had different versions. In 2009, it was unified into a flat black and white logo. The company describes the logo's design philosophy as "cool outside and hot inside".^[12]

Global operations

Hutchison Telecommunications Hong Kong

Hong Kong

Main article: 3 Hong Kong

 

A 3 Store in Tuen Mun, Hong Kong

3 Hong Kong is operated by Hutchison Telecommunications Hong Kong Holdings Limited, a subsidiary of CK Hutchison Holdings.

In May 2004, its affiliated 2G operator, Orange, re-branded its services and changed its name to "3 Dualband", referring to the GSM product, and "3 CDMA", referring to the CDMA product.

On 29 May 2008, Hutchison Telecommunications (Hong Kong) Limited announced that it has signed an agreement with Apple Inc. to bring the iPhone to Hong Kong later that year under 3.^[13] In 2012, a partnership with Vodafone was launched and 3 Hong Kong is a member of the Conexus Mobile Alliance.^[14]

Ownership:

• HTIL: 70.9%
• NTT DoCoMo: 24.1%
• NEC: 5%

Macau

3 Macau (officially Hutchison Telephone (Macau) Company Limited) launched in 2000 providing GSM dual-band services. In 2007, they launched 3G services. In 2008, 3 Macau brought the iPhone to Macau an agreement with Apple. Till now, they are providing both 3G and 4G services.

In the 2G and 3G eras, it was the second largest mobile operator in Macau. In the 2G era, its market share was approximately 31%, as of December 31, 2003.^[15] In the 3G era, its market share was approximately 33% in terms of the number of customers, as of 31 December 2008.^[16]

Indonesia

Main article: Indosat

Tri Indonesia, operated by Indosat Ooredoo Hutchison (formerly Hutchison 3 Indonesia (2013–2022), Hutchison CP Telecommunications (2007–2013), Cyber Access Communication (2000–2007), and Telindo Inti Nusa (2000)), was founded as a company in 2000, received a 3G licence in 2004, and began operations on 29 March 2007, initially in the Jakarta area only. Only after 9 months of operations, 3 acquired about 2.2 million GSM customers. 3 achieved high customer mindshare maintaining at about 90% of awareness level as of April 2009.^[17]

As of April 2009, 3 Indonesia had about 4.5 million customers on its GSM network. 3 offers both pre-paid and post-paid (contract) services. Currently, the post-paid service is available in Jakarta, Bandung, and Surabaya area.

3 Indonesia current slogan is "#IniWaktunyaKita (#ItsTimeForUs)", formerly, "Dunia Tri. Kekuatanku (Tri World. My Power)", "Your mobile lifestyle provider", "Jaringan GSM-mu (Your GSM Network)", "Jaringan Selularmu (Your Cellular Network)". Sometimes, 3 use "Mau? (Want it?)" and "Hanya di 3 (Only on 3)" slogan in their ads.

3 currently has full GSM coverage in Java, Sumatera, Bali, Lombok, and Riau Islands. And as of April 2009, Kalimantan is covered in South Kalimantan and Sulawesi is covered in South Sulawesi. By 2009, the 3 UMTS/HSDPA service was available in most parts of Java, especially big cities like Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung.^[18]

3 Indonesia launched its new unlimited text and MMS service for a fee with Facebook on 8 April 2009, so registered 3 customers can update status, write on their "wall", or upload new pictures free of charge. Besides Facebook, 3 also cooperated with Yahoo! to give unlimited chat for a fee by SMS and downloadable app using Yahoo! Messenger service. Both of these were the first of their kind in Indonesia.

In 2013, Charoen Pokphand divested its telecommunication business in Indonesia by selling its share of 3 to Garibaldi Thohir and private equity firm which jointly owned by Patrick Walujo and Glenn Sugita Northstar Group.^[19] The company was renamed PT Hutchison 3 Indonesia. In September 2021, it was announced that the latter company would be merged with Indosat Ooredoo (which operates the IM3 networks) to form Indosat Ooredoo Hutchison; the merger closed on 4 January 2022 with Indosat as the surviving entity.^[20]

Ownership:

• Ooredoo Hutchison Asia: 65,6% (jointly owned by Ooredoo and Hutchison Asia Telecom Group)
• The Government of Indonesia: 9,6%

3 Group Europe

Austria

Hutchison Drei Austria GmbH, doing business as Drei Austria, started operations in May 2003. The company promised to have 95% population coverage with HSDPA end of 2007. By 2008, 3's 3G coverage reached 94% of the population.^[21] Outside the coverage of its own 3G-network (UMTS/HSDPA/HSPA+) it relies on national roaming on the network of T-Mobile Austria^[22] (before Mid-2012, the network of A1 was used for national roaming). 3 Austria is the first in Austria to offer its customers so called "HD Mobile TV" based on the H.264 encoding standard, and won IIR telcon awards for their eBay (2006)^[23] and X-Series Gold (2007)^[24] offerings. 3 Austria won a DVB-H license and launched the service in June 2008, with three devices and free usage of Mobile TV.^[25][26] In September 2010 – The number of 1 million customers were exceeded.^[27] In November 2011 – 3 Austria launched HD Voice^[28] and LTE^[29] In January 2012, 3 Austria announced its national roaming agreement with T-Mobile, which will introduce from July 2012. Customers of 3 Austria will be able to roam on T-Mobile's GSM-network where 3's GSM-network is not available. Simultaneous clients of T-Mobile (including tele.ring) will be able to roam on 3's UMTS-network where T-Mobile's UMTS-network is not available. The roaming agreement with A1 will be continued parallel until year-end.^[30] On 3 February 2012 Hutchison Whampoa announced that it had bought Orange Austria for US$1.7 billion,^[31] from France Télécom which owned a 35% stake, and private equity firm Mid Europa Partners, which held the remaining 65%. The combined business will create a mobile carrier with 2.8 million customers and more than 20 percent market share in Austria.^[32] JPMorgan Chase advised Hutchison on the deal, while Morgan Stanley advised France Télécom and Mid Europa Partners.^[33]

Denmark and Sweden

3 Denmark (officially Hi3G Denmark ApS) and 3 Sweden (officially Hi3G Access AB) have a common network covering most of the two countries. Customers are "at home" on both networks, i.e. Danish customer receive calls from Denmark without paying roaming fees when they are on 3 Sweden's network and it does not cost extra to call Danish telephone numbers. 3 Scandinavia also previously had a license to build a network in Norway, but in 2011 decided against launching a 3G network in Norway. In 2008 both operations showed a positive EBITDA. In Sweden a small part of the UMTS2100 mobile network is shared with Telenor - except for cities like Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö, Lund and Karlskrona where they handle their own 3G networks. In spring 2011 Three started, without Telenor, to build their own 3G Network on the UMTS 900-band which will give a bigger coverage. UMTS 900 and LTE 800 is rolled out using the same base stations. Today^[when?] 3 Sweden covers about 98.5% of the Swedish population. In May 2012, 3 Sweden launched its first LTE services. The network uses the TDD2600, FDD2600, FDD2100 and FDD800 bands. The network was launched with ZTE and according to ZTE, this is the world's first LTE network to use both FDD and TDD at the same time. Later it was switched to Huawei and Ericsson and as of now in July 2022 with the roll out of 5G the whole network is changed to Ericsson and Nokia Networks, due to the ban of using Huawei to build a 5G-network. At the beginning of 2022, 3 Sweden was Sweden's fastest growing mobile operator. 3 Sweden also operates its own lower-cost flanker brand Hallon, launched in 2013.^[34]

3 Denmark and 3 Sweden has "3 Like Home" which makes it possible to use the phone as home in 50+ countries like (Austria, Cyprus, USA, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Ireland, UK, Spain, Portugal, Malta, Puerto Rico, Greece, San Marino, Singapore, Switzerland, The Netherlands, France, Hong Kong, Italy, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Germany).

Ownership:

• Hutchison Whampoa: 60%
• Investor AB: 40%

Ireland

Main article: Three Ireland

 

3 Store, Grafton Street, Dublin, Ireland

Three Ireland (officially Three Ireland (Hutchison) Limited) launched on 26 July 2005 as Ireland's fourth mobile network operator behind Vodafone, O2 and Meteor. Service was initially offered as post-paid only, but on 16 May 2006 the introduction of a pre-paid service, known as 3Pay, was announced.

Three operates 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G services. Until 2015, Three had a roaming agreement with Vodafone to provide 2G coverage where its original 3G network was unavailable.

On 24 June 2013, it was announced that CK Hutchison Holdings would acquire Telefónica's Irish mobile operations, O2, for €780 million, to be merged into Three Ireland upon completion of the deal.^[35][36][37] The European Commission approved the merger in 2014. The O2 brand was phased out and its operations fully merged into Three on 2 March 2015.^[38]

On 27 January 2014, Three launched its 4G network in Dublin, Cork, Galway, Limerick, Wexford and Waterford.^[39] By March 2014, Three had expanded its 4G coverage to a further 11 towns. In 2016, Three started rolling out 4G+ claiming peak speeds of 225 Mbps.^[40] 4G coverage currently sits at 97.3% as of March 2020.

On 28 September 2020, Three launched its 5G network, claiming 35% population coverage on day one. Three has stated that this service will be available in 121 locations but coverage is expected to expand over time.^[41][42]

United Kingdom

Main article: Three UK

 

A 3 store in Banbury, England

Three UK (officially Hutchison 3G UK Limited) launched as the UK's first commercial video mobile network on 3 March 2003 (03-03-03), the day that 3G services went live across the country,^[43] and handsets went on sale later that month. On 9 December 2004, Three announced that it was the first network to meet its regulatory requirement of 80% population coverage in the UK.^[44]

Three operates 3G, 4G and 5G services, and maintains a national roaming agreement with EE to provide 2G services where 3G is unavailable (until 2006, Three partnered with O2 for these services).^[45] 2G fallback coverage was largely dropped as 3G became ubiquitous.^[46]

On 24 March 2015, Three announced its intention to acquire the UK operations of Spanish operator O2 for £10.25 billion^[47] but a year later, the EU commission blocked the takeover.^[48][49]

Three's first retail stores (branded 3Store) opened at the same time as the network launched, in London's Oxford Street and Kensington High Street, and at the Birmingham Mailbox. Three's handsets and contracts are also sold by mobile telephony chains and independents throughout the UK, as well as online retailers. In 2005, an expansion of the 3Store portfolio saw stores opened in larger malls throughout the UK, such as the Bluewater shopping centre, and The Mall at Cribbs Causeway near Bristol.^[50] On 24 October 2006, Three announced that it had purchased 95 high street shops from O2 and The Link.^[51] Three's UK division is owned entirely by CK Hutchison Holdings.

In June 2023, it was announced that, subject to regulatory approval Vodafone UK and Three UK will merge to create Britain's biggest mobile network, with Vodafone owning 51% and CK Hutchison Holdings owning 49% of the new service.^[52]

Past 3-branded networks

Australia

Main article: Three Australia

Hutchison launched the Three network in Australia in 2003, via its majority ownership of Hutchison Telecommunications (Australia) Limited (HTAL). It operated a 2,100 MHz 3G network in a 50/50 partnership with Telstra^[53] (the radio networks were shared while the core networks were separate), covering approximately 56% of Australia's population. The 3G network covered Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth, the Gold Coast, Canberra, Geelong, Frankston and Wollongong.

On 9 February 2009, HTAL and Vodafone announced that they would be merging their Australian operations into a 50–50 joint venture called VHA Pty Ltd. All products and services offered by VHA would be marketed under the Vodafone brand.^[54] The merger was approved by shareholders and regulators on 29 May 2009,^[55] and Vodafone Hutchison Australia Pty Ltd was established in June 2009.^[56] The Three and Vodafone networks remained separate until August 2009. Vodafone phased out the Three brand from late 2011 onwards.^[57] No new registrations to the Three brand were made after this time,^[57][58] and from 30 August 2013, all Three Mobile systems and accounts were closed.^[59]

Hutchison formerly operated an Australian CDMA network under the Orange brand name, as Orange One. It allowed customers to use their 3-branded CDMA mobile phone as a Home phone when at home. Calls made from their mobile were charged at rates similar to those of a Landline. Customers also received a "Local Zone " number allowing them to be called on a Landline number whilst at home. Should the phone be out of the Local zone, Calls made to the landline number either diverted to the Mobile number at a small fee, or was directed to Voicemail on the mobile handset. These plans started at a very competitive price of $10.00 per month, and local calls from the local Zone to a local landline was charged at 20c per local call, making their service cheaper than those of Telstra or Optus. The Orange One network was not as vast as others, and so Orange made arrangements with Telstra to allow the services of Orange One devices to roam to the Telstra network. On 1 February 2006, it was rebranded as 3 CDMA, and this network was closed as of 9 August 2006. 3 CDMA customers were offered special tariffs and incentives to continue as customers on the 3G network, all customers either moved over to 3's 3G network or to other network providers.

Italy

3 Italy (officially H3G S.p.A., formerly known as Andala 3G S.p.A.^[60][61]) was founded in November 1999 and controlled by Sardinian Internet company Tiscali and Franco Bernabè. It was the first Italian mobile operator to offer 3G services (UMTS),^[62][63] launched in March 2003.^[64] As of March 2010, 3 Italy had 9 million registered customers. It had a roaming agreement with TIM which allowed its customers to get a 2G service when they moved out of 3G coverage, allowing 3 to offer coverage to up to 99.8% of the population on 2G service. On 22 February 2006, 3 announced the first launch of HSDPA technology in Italy, marketed as "ADSM" (a contraction of "ADSL Mobile"). On 14 May 2006, 3 was the first in Italy to launch digital mobile TV using DVB-H technology. From June 2008 to November 2011, 3 Italia offered free of charge the viewing of Rai 1, Rai 2, Canale 5, Italia 1, Rete 4, SKY Meteo24, Current TV and La7 television channels with DVB-H technology.

In 2015, CK Hutchison Holdings and VimpelCom agreed to merge their telecommunications businesses in Italy – H3G S.p.A. and Wind Telecomunicazioni S.p.A. – and this was completed in December 2016.^[65] The resulting company, 50% owned by each partner, rebranded as Wind Tre S.p.A. and had around 31 million mobile customers at the start of 2017, making it the country's largest mobile operator.^[66] In 2018, CK Hutchison acquired the 50% stake owned by VEON (formerly VimpelCom), to gain 100% ownership of Wind Tre.^[65] In the Italian market, services are now offered under the unified brand, officially unveiled on 6 March and commercially launched on 16 March 2020.^[67][68]

Frequencies

Frequencies used per-country

Country	Frequency	Protocol	Class
Austria	900 MHz	GSM/GPRS/EDGE	2G
	1800 MHz	GSM/GPRS/EDGE	2G
	2100 MHz	UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+/DC-HSPA+	3G
	1800 MHz	FDD-LTE	4G
	2100 MHz	FDD-LTE	4G
	2600 MHz	FDD-LTE	4G
	2600 MHz	TDD-LTE	4G
Denmark	900 MHz	UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+/DC-HSPA+	3G
	2100 MHz	UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+/DC-HSPA+	3G
	1800 MHz	LTE	4G
	2600 MHz	LTE	4G
Sweden	900 MHz	UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+/DC-HSPA+	3G
	2100 MHz	UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+/DC-HSPA+	3G
	800 MHz	FDD-LTE	4G
	2600 MHz	FDD-LTE	4G
	2600 MHz	TDD-LTE	4G
Hong Kong
	900 MHz	UMTS/HSPA	3G
	2100 MHz	FDD-LTE	4G
	1800 MHz	FDD-LTE	4G
	2300 MHz	TDD-LTE	4G
	2600 MHz	FDD-LTE	4G
Indonesia	1800 MHz	GSM/GPRS/EDGE	2G
	2100 MHz	UMTS/HSPA	3G
	900 MHz	FDD-LTE	4G
	1800 MHz	FDD-LTE	4G
	2100 MHz	FDD-LTE	4G
Ireland	900 MHz	GSM/GPRS/EDGE	2G
	1800 MHz	GSM/GPRS/EDGE	2G
	900 MHz	UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+/DC-HSPA+	3G
	2100 MHz	UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+/DC-HSPA+	3G
	800 MHz	FDD-LTE	4G
	1800 MHz	FDD-LTE	4G
	3500 MHz	NR	5G
Italy	900 MHz	GSM/GPRS/EDGE	2G
	900 MHz	UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+	3G
	2100 MHz	UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+	3G
	800 MHz	LTE/LTE-A	4G
	1800 MHz	LTE/LTE-A	4G
	2100 MHz	LTE/LTE-A	4G
	2600 MHz	LTE/LTE-A	4G
	1800 MHz	NR	5G
	2600 MHz	NR	5G
	3600 MHz	NR	5G
UK	2100 MHz	UMTS/HSDPA/HSPA+/DC-HSPA+	3G
	800 MHz	LTE	4G
	1500 MHz	LTE	4G
	1800 MHz	LTE	4G
	2100 MHz	LTE	4G
	3500 MHz	NR	5G
	3700 MHz	NR	5G

Services

Internet access

Like other mobile-provider Internet home pages, 3's portal is 'free to browse' for some content in most 3 countries including Ireland, UK and Australia in most price plans; the user pays a fixed price for each video, text or application downloaded.

Besides that, 3 UK and also 3 Ireland initially made the decision to block direct Internet access from handsets, while 3 Austria allowed access to the Internet since the beginning.

In 2004, 3 released a PC Card 3G Data Card ("NetConnect Card") for Windows-based laptops which allows Internet access through 3's network directly from the computer, accompanied by a range of data and business tariffs. Later, more cards and USB modems for HSDPA were introduced.

3 Skypephones and Skype on 3

Main article: 3 Skypephone Series

In November 2007, 3 started to sell the Skypephone, which was developed in conjunction with the Chinese phone manufacturer Amoi and Skype, combining the functionality of a UMTS handset with free voice calls and instant messages from Skype. The phones were sold exclusively by 3 on contract and on a prepaid basis.

3 also produced an application called "Skype on 3" which brought the same functionality to S60 and J2ME-capable phones (but not iPhone or Android, although some unofficial Android versions were distributed^[69]). Unlike the non-3 versions of mobile Skype, "Skype on 3" does not use the phone's data connection for voice calls, but instead places a normal phone call to a special number which 3 make available for this service.^[70] 3 does not charge users for calls to this number.^[71] This service is available in Australia, Ireland and the UK; it has been discontinued in Austria, Denmark, Hong Kong, Italy and Sweden.^[72] A company called iSkoot (now Qualcomm iSkoot Inc.) was behind at least some of the clients and back-end servers^[73] but iSkoot announced a shutdown scheduled for 20 January 2011.^[74] It appears this shutdown initially affected the J2ME version and some Skypephones (which now show a "click to upgrade" link which either doesn't function or takes you to a page saying an upgrade is not available), but some S60 versions were not affected.^[75] Skype have started sending emails indicating the Skype on 3 service will be terminated on 30 September 2014, in spite of Three's original "free for life" advertising. The recommended clients for smartphones will use the phone's data connection which may be liable to charges, instead of the dedicated access number used by the client, which was free to call.

Roaming packages

In February 2007, 3 introduced '3 Like Home', a service that in theory allows subscribers to use any 3-branded network (with the exception of 3 Indonesia) without having to pay additional roaming charges, instead paying the same amount for voice, data, and messaging services as they would do on their home network. This also allows users to use their free or inclusive bundles and allowances while abroad. However, pre-pay customers do not benefit fully, as they cannot use each 3 branded network for '3 Like Home'.

This arrangement is possible because of the roaming agreements between the networks, which provide service to other partners' customers free of internal roaming charges. This means that the marginal cost of a roaming call is much the same as a call on the home network.

• At the end of April 2009, 3 UK announced that '3 Like Home' would no longer be available to customers of the 3 UK network from 30 June 2009. On 7 April 2010, 3 Sweden announced that '3 Like Home' would be discontinued on 23 May 2010.
• On 19 August 2013, 3 Austria announced at a press conference that '3 Like Home' would no longer be available for new customers, following their acquisition of Orange Austria. Existing plans were unaffected.^[76]
• On 30 August 2013, 3 UK launched "Feel at Home" for UK customers visiting Australia, Italy, Denmark, Austria, Sweden, Hong Kong and Ireland, where calls, texts and data are charged at their standard UK rate.^[77] The list of countries was later extended:
  • 4 December 2013 – Indonesia, Macau, Sri Lanka and the USA^[78]
  • 1 July 2014 – France, Finland, Israel, Norway and Switzerland^[79]
  • 1 April 2015 – New Zealand and Spain^[80]
  • 8 September 2016 – a further 24 European destinations, including Germany, Portugal and Greece^[81]
  • 15 June 2017 – Brazil and Singapore
• In Sept 2014, 3 Denmark added France, Germany, Norway and Switzerland to its "Roam Like Home" package.
  • May 2015 − added Portugal, Malta, Greece, Cyprus and Spain
  • November 2015 – added USA and Singapore
• On 1 April 2017, 3 Ireland announced that they were discontinuing their '3 Like Home' service, later announcing they would instead provide a "Roam Like Home" experience to Pay As You Go customers, allowing them to use their flexi units and a "chunk" of their data within the 30 EEA countries together with Andorra, Monaco, Norway, Switzerland, San Marino and the United Kingdom. On Bill Pay Plans this scheme includes the 30 EEA countries together with Andorra, the Isle of Man, Jersey, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Monaco, San Marino, the United Kingdom and Vatican City. This was introduced as part of Regulation (EU) No 531/2012 which abolished roaming charges within the European Union.

References

1. "Hutchison Whampoa Limited - Media Center > Press Releases". www.hutchison-whampoa.com. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
2. "Home | Three.com". www.three.com. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
3. "Home | Three Brand Central". www.threebrandcentral.com. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
4. . Three.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
5. "Hutchison Whampoa Limited - Media Center > Press Releases".
6. "Our Businesses – Telecommunications". CK Hutchison Holdings. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
7. "3 Group Europe reports revenue growth for UK, Italy". Mobile World Live. 25 August 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
8. TeleGeography. "3 Group posts 20% EBITDA rise; Hutchison Asia EBITDA drops 18% on forex". www.telegeography.com. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
9. (PDF). CK Hutchison Holdings Limited. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2016.
10. "Hutchison Whampoa confirms brand name for 3G services". www.three.com.hk. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
11. "Hutchison Telecom consolidates 3G, GSM Dualband and CDMA networks under "3" brand name". www.hutchison-whampoa.com. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
12. (PDF). Hutchison Whampoa Group. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015.
13. . Archived from the original on 30 May 2008. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
14. "Hutchison Telecom Hong Kong and Vodafone launch a strategic partnership in Hong Kong as part of an agreement with the Conexus Mobile Alliance". 3 Hong Kong. 11 January 2012.
15. "Form F-1". www.sec.gov. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
16. "INFO STATEMENT RE: REGISTRANT'S SPIN-OFF HTHKH INCLUDING HTHKH LISTING DOCUMENT APRIL 20, 2009". www.sec.gov. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
17. . Archived from the original on 20 August 2008. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
18. 3 Indonesia coverage map 4 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
19. . The Wall Street Journal, Indonesia (in Indonesian). 27 February 2013. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015 – via Internet Archive.
20. "Indosat Ooredoo Hutchison Menyelesaikan Penggabungan Usaha & Meluncurkan Visi Menjadi Perusahaan Telekomunikasi Digital". 4 January 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
21. DerStandard: 3-Chef Thoma: Mobiles Breitband löst ADSL und Co. ab, 2 May 2008 (German)
22. Drei.at: Hutchison 3G garantiert auch in Zukunft bestes Netz, 4 January 2012 (German)
23. Computerwelt: Telekombranche guten Mutes, 4 October 2006 (german) 20 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
24. IIR: Award für "10. Jahreskongress für die Telekom Branche – TEL.CON 2007" 1 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine (german)
25. Telecom Paper: 3 Austria to offer 3 DVB-H devices, free mobile TV use until year-end, 30 May 2008
26. Heise: DVB-H startet in Österreich, 1 June 2008 (German)
27. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 November 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
28. "Unternehmen — Presse — Presseaussendungen — Detail". drei.at. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
29. "Unternehmen — Presse — Presseaussendungen — Detail". drei.at. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
30. "Neue Mobilfunk-Kooperation in Österreich | heise mobil". Heise.de. 21 May 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
31. Hutchison Whampoa to Buy Orange Austria for $1.7 Billion NY Times 3 February 2012
32. Li Ka-Shing's Hutchison Whampoa Buys Orange Austria In $1.7 Billion Deal Bloomberg by Mark Lee and Cornelius Rahn, 3 February 2012
33. Hutchison Whampoa to Buy Orange Austria for $1.7 Billion WSJ 3 February 2012
34. "Hallon - ny svensk operatör som vill förändra branschen". 6 May 2013.
35. Hugh O'Connell. "Three buys O2 and will now control 40 per cent of Ireland's mobile market". Business ETC.
36. "Telefónica - Press Office - Press room home - Telefonica agrees the sale of its operating business in Ireland to Hutchison Whampoa for 850 million euros". telefonica.com.
37. (PDF) (Press release). Dublin. 24 June 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
38. O'Hora, Ailish (2 March 2015). "O2 becomes Three as major mobile rebrand kicks in". Independent.ie. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
39. . Hutchison 3. 27 January 2014. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
40. TeleGeography. "Three unveils '4G Plus' plans: 56% of country to receive 225Mbps speeds by end-April". TeleGeography. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
41. "5G For All With Ireland's Largest 5G Network | Three". www.three.ie. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
42. "Ericsson and Three Ireland launch 5G". 28 September 2020. from the original on 26 October 2020.
43. "3G goes live in the UK". BBC News. 3 March 2003. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
44. "3 first to hit regulatory requirement for 3G coverage" (Press release). 9 December 2004. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
45. (Press release). 10 May 2006. Archived from the original on 17 March 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
46. "3 starts killing off 2G coverage". The Register. 8 November 2010. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
47. "Telefonica finalises £10bn sale of O2 mobile phone firm". BBC News. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
48. "EU blocks Three's takeover of O2". BBC News. 11 May 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
49. "EU blocks Three's takeover of O2". Europa. 11 May 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
50. (Press release). 18 November 2005. Archived from the original on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2005.
51. "3 acquires 95 prime-location stores from the Link and O2" (Press release). 24 October 2006. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
52. "Vodafone Three deal to create UK's largest mobile firm". BBC News. 14 June 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
53. ok2phone-com (4 August 2004). "Telstra, Hutchison share 3G network". ZDNet. Retrieved 18 November 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
54. Sainsbury, Michael (10 February 2009). "Vodafone Australia and Hutchison '3' mobile merger". The Australian. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
55. "ACCC not to oppose proposed merger of Vodafone and Hutchison". Australian Competition and Consumers Commission. Retrieved 21 August 2009.
56. . Archived from the original on 3 July 2008. Retrieved 20 June 2009.
57. "Vodafone Ends New 3 Mobile Customer Registrations". Gizmodo.com.au. 31 August 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
58. "3 is now closed in Australia". Vodafone Hutchison Australia. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
59. "3 Mobile has now closed". Vodafone Hutchison Australia. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
60. "Storia". www.tre.it (in Italian). Retrieved 27 August 2014.
61. "Buon Compleanno tre, ecco la storia del gruppo H3G - HDblog.it". www.hdblog.it. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
62. "Corriere della Sera - Umts, partono anche Tim e Vodafone". www.corriere.it (in Italian). Retrieved 4 November 2009.
63. "3Italia in breve". www.tre.it (in Italian). Retrieved 27 August 2014.
64. "Azionariato". www.tre.it (in Italian). Retrieved 27 August 2014.
65. . WindTre. Archived from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
66. "Wind Tre debuts in Italy". TeleGeography. 3 January 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
67. "WINDTRE: THE SINGLE BRAND IS BORN" (aspx) (Press release). 6 March 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020. WINDTRE launches the new single brand and the largest network in Italy, a latest generation 'Top Quality' infrastructure, ready for the 5G challenge.
68. "Nasce WindTre". www.windtre.it (in Italian). Retrieved 20 June 2021.
69. . Archived from the original on 12 January 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
70. . Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
71. . Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
72. . Archived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
73. "Three's Skype system revealed, and how to use unsupported phones". Retrieved 6 December 2011.
74. . Archived from the original on 22 April 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
75. . Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
76. Stepanek, Martin. "Orange ist Geschichte: 3 streicht Gratis-Roaming" (in German). Future Zone. Archived from the original on 19 August 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
77. "Feel at Home". Three UK. 15 October 2014. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
78. . Hutchison 3. 4 December 2013. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
79. . Hutchison 3. 5 June 2014. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
80. "Keep in Contact with Home Easier with Three, Feel at Home International roaming without the charges! |". 30 January 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
81. . Archived from the original on 5 November 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2016.

External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 3 (telecommunications).

• Official website