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1187

March 09, 2023

Year 1187 (MCLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1187 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1187
MCLXXXVII
Ab urbe condita1940
Armenian calendar636
ԹՎ ՈԼԶ
Assyrian calendar5937
Balinese saka calendar1108–1109
Bengali calendar594
Berber calendar2137
English Regnal year33 Hen. 2 – 34 Hen. 2
Buddhist calendar1731
Burmese calendar549
Byzantine calendar6695–6696
Chinese calendar丙午年 (Fire Horse)
3883 or 3823
    — to —
丁未年 (Fire Goat)
3884 or 3824
Coptic calendar903–904
Discordian calendar2353
Ethiopian calendar1179–1180
Hebrew calendar4947–4948
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1243–1244
 - Shaka Samvat1108–1109
 - Kali Yuga4287–4288
Holocene calendar11187
Igbo calendar187–188
Iranian calendar565–566
Islamic calendar582–583
Japanese calendarBunji 3
(文治３年)
Javanese calendar1094–1095
Julian calendar1187
MCLXXXVII
Korean calendar3520
Minguo calendar725 before ROC
民前725年
Nanakshahi calendar−281
Seleucid era1498/1499 AG
Thai solar calendar1729–1730
Tibetan calendar阳火马年
(male Fire-Horse)
1313 or 932 or 160
    — to —
阴火羊年
(female Fire-Goat)
1314 or 933 or 161
Saladin accepts the surrender of Guy of Lusignan after the Battle of Hattin (1187).

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

  • Spring – Emperor Isaac II (Angelos) sends a Byzantine expeditionary force under Alexios Branas to suppress the Vlach-Bulgarian Rebellion – but Alexios revolts against Isaac and is proclaimed emperor in Andrianople. He musters troops and advances on Constantinople in an attempt to seize it. However, Alexios is unable to bypass the city defenses and is defeated by the imperial forces led by Conrad of Montferrat, the emperor's brother-in-law. On the battlefield, Alexios is beheaded by Conrad's supporting footsoldiers and the rebel army flees the field.[1]
  • Siege of Lovech: Byzantine forces under Isaac II besiege the fortress city of Lovech in north-central Bulgaria. After a three-month siege, Isaac is forced to accept a truce by recognizing the joint-rule of Peter II and Ivan Asen I as emperor's (or tsar) over the territory, leading to the creation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (until 1396).

Levant

  • Spring – The Crusaders under Raynald of Châtillon attack a large Muslim caravan, including members of Saladin's family, journeying from Cairo. Raynald takes the merchants, and their families with all their possessions to his castle of Kerak. Saladin demands the release of the prisoners and compensation for their losses. This is refused by Raynald, who pays no attention to his order.[2]
  • March 13 – Saladin leaves Damascus with his Muslim forces, and sends letters to neighboring countries, asking for volunteers for a forthcoming jihad ("Holy War"). A week later his younger brother Al-Adil, governor of Egypt, leads his forces out of Cairo towards Syria. Meanwhile, Saladin leaves an army under his 18-year-old son Al-Afdal at Busra, to keep watch on the 'Pilgrim road'.[3]
  • April – King Guy of Lusignan summons his vassals and marches north to Nazareth, to reduce Galilee to submission.
  • April 29 – A delegation under Balian of Ibelin is sent to Tiberias, to reconcile with Raymond III, prince of Galilee. After Easter, a second delegation (supported by the Knights Templar and Knights Hospitaller) is sent to Tripoli, but the situation remains unchanged.
  • May 1 – Battle of Cresson: A Muslim reconnaissance force (some 7,000 men[4]) under Muzaffar al-Din Gökböri, defeats a small Crusader army near Nazareth. Only Gerard de Ridefort, commander of the Crusaders, and a handful of knights escape death or capture. The Muslims scatter and kill the Christian foot-soldiers (some 400 men) before pillaging the countryside.[5]
  • June 26 – Saladin regroups his Muslim forces and marches towards the Jordan River. His army numbers around 30,000 men and is divided into three columns. The following day Saladin encamps on the Golan Heights, in a marshy area near Lake Tiberias. Raiding parties are sent across the Jordan to ravage Christian territory between Nazareth, Tiberias, and Mount Tabor.[6]
  • June 30 – Saladin sends a contingent to block Tiberias and challenges the Crusaders by moving his main camp closer to Saffuriya – some 10 km west of Lake Tiberias. On July 1, he sends scouts to monitor an alternative road on his northern flank that connects Saffuriya and Tiberias. The following day he attacks Tiberias with a part of his forces, including siege equipment.[7]
  • July 2–3 – Saladin besieges Tiberias. The defenders, and Countess Eschiva II (wife of Raymond III) retreat to the citadel and sends messengers urging Guy of Lusignan to send help. Meanwhile, Guy and Raymond hold a war council to debate what should be done. Persuaded by Gerard de Ridefort and Raynald of Châtillon, Guy orders to march to the rescue of Tiberias.[8]
  • July 4 – Battle of Hattin: Saladin defeats the Crusader army (some 20,000 men) under Guy of Lusignan at the Horns of Hattin. Guy is captured along with many nobles and knights, among them, Raynald of Châtillon. The latter is executed by Saladin himself.[9] The Crusader States have no reserves to defend the castles and fortified settlements against Saladin's forces.[10]
  • July 14 – Conrad of Montferrat, an Italian nobleman, arrives in Tyre which ends the surrender negotiations with Saladin. He finds the remnants of the Crusader army (after the battle of Hattin) and makes the Tyrians swear loyalty to him. Reginald of Sidon and several other nobles give their support, Reginald goes to refortify his own castle of Beaufort on the Litani River.[11]
  • Summer – Saladin begins a campaign that paves the way for further Muslim inroads into Christian territory. Al-Adil invades Palestine with the Egyptian army, and captures the strategic castle of Mirabel (Majdal Yaba). By mid-September, Saladin has captured the cities of Acre, Jaffa, Gaza and Ascalon (blockaded by the Egyptian fleet), along with some 50 Crusader castles.
  • September 20–October 2 – Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem, after the Crusaders led by Balian of Ibelin surrender the 'Holy City'. The take-over of the city is relatively peaceful; Saladin agrees to let the Muslims and Christians leave the city, taking with them their goods. Balian joins his wife Maria Komnene and family, in the County of Tripoli.

Europe

England

Africa

Asia

By topic

Economy

  • Orio Mastropiero, doge of Venice, secures loans from the Venetian nobility to finance the siege of Zadar. Pledging the income from the Salt Office becomes a staple of the city's finance.[15]

Religion

Births

Deaths

References

  1. ^ Choniates, Nicetas (1984). O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniatēs, pp. 212–213. Translated by Harry J. Magoulias. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-1764-2.
  2. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 367. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  3. ^ David Nicolle (1993). Osprey: Campaign series – 19. Hattin 1187, Saladin's Greatest Victory, p. 56. ISBN 1-85532-284-6.
  4. ^ David Nicolle (1993). Osprey: Campaign series – 19. Hattin 1187, Saladin's Greatest Victory, p. 57. ISBN 1-85532-284-6. According to David Nicolle, Gökböri's force was said to consist of 7,000 men though this is a huge exaggeration, 700 seeming more likely.
  5. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 369–370. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  6. ^ David Nicolle (1993). Osprey: Campaign series – 19. Hattin 1187, Saladin's Greatest Victory, p. 61. ISBN 1-85532-284-6.
  7. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 371. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  8. ^ David Nicolle (1993). Osprey: Campaign series – 19. Hattin 1187, Saladin's Greatest Victory, pp. 61–62. ISBN 1-85532-284-6.
  9. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 375. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  10. ^ Smail, R. C. (1995). Crusading Warfare, 1097–1193, p. 33 (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-45838-2.
  11. ^ David Nicolle (2005). Osprey: Campaign series – 161. The Third Crusade 1191: Richard the Lionheart, Saladin and the struggle for Jerusalem, p. 16. ISBN 978-1-84176-868-7.
  12. ^ Enn Tarvel (2007). Sigtuna hukkumine. October 11, 2017, at the Wayback Machine Haridus, 2007 (7-8), p 38–41
  13. ^ Colombani, Philippe (2010). Héros corses du Moyen Age. Ajaccio: Albiana. p. 173. ISBN 978-2-84698-338-9.
  14. ^ Picard, Christophe (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
  15. ^ Munro, John H. (2003). "The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution". The International History Review. 15 (3): 506–562.

March 09, 2023
1187, year, mclxxxvii, common, year, starting, thursday, link, will, display, full, calendar, julian, calendar, millennium, millenniumcenturies, 11th, century, 12th, century, 13th, centurydecades, 1160s, 1170s, 1180s, 1190s, 1200syears, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1188,. Year 1187 MCLXXXVII was a common year starting on Thursday link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar Millennium 2nd millenniumCenturies 11th century 12th century 13th centuryDecades 1160s 1170s 1180s 1190s 1200sYears 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 11901187 in various calendarsGregorian calendar1187MCLXXXVIIAb urbe condita1940Armenian calendar636ԹՎ ՈԼԶAssyrian calendar5937Balinese saka calendar1108 1109Bengali calendar594Berber calendar2137English Regnal year33 Hen 2 34 Hen 2Buddhist calendar1731Burmese calendar549Byzantine calendar6695 6696Chinese calendar丙午年 Fire Horse 3883 or 3823 to 丁未年 Fire Goat 3884 or 3824Coptic calendar903 904Discordian calendar2353Ethiopian calendar1179 1180Hebrew calendar4947 4948Hindu calendars Vikram Samvat1243 1244 Shaka Samvat1108 1109 Kali Yuga4287 4288Holocene calendar11187Igbo calendar187 188Iranian calendar565 566Islamic calendar582 583Japanese calendarBunji 3 文治３年 Javanese calendar1094 1095Julian calendar1187MCLXXXVIIKorean calendar3520Minguo calendar725 before ROC民前725年Nanakshahi calendar 281Seleucid era1498 1499 AGThai solar calendar1729 1730Tibetan calendar阳火马年 male Fire Horse 1313 or 932 or 160 to 阴火羊年 female Fire Goat 1314 or 933 or 161Saladin accepts the surrender of Guy of Lusignan after the Battle of Hattin 1187 Contents 1 Events 1 1 By place 1 1 1 Byzantine Empire 1 1 2 Levant 1 1 3 Europe 1 1 4 England 1 1 5 Africa 1 1 6 Asia 1 2 By topic 1 2 1 Economy 1 2 2 Religion 2 Births 3 Deaths 4 ReferencesEvents EditBy place Edit Byzantine Empire Edit Spring Emperor Isaac II Angelos sends a Byzantine expeditionary force under Alexios Branas to suppress the Vlach Bulgarian Rebellion but Alexios revolts against Isaac and is proclaimed emperor in Andrianople He musters troops and advances on Constantinople in an attempt to seize it However Alexios is unable to bypass the city defenses and is defeated by the imperial forces led by Conrad of Montferrat the emperor s brother in law On the battlefield Alexios is beheaded by Conrad s supporting footsoldiers and the rebel army flees the field 1 Siege of Lovech Byzantine forces under Isaac II besiege the fortress city of Lovech in north central Bulgaria After a three month siege Isaac is forced to accept a truce by recognizing the joint rule of Peter II and Ivan Asen I as emperor s or tsar over the territory leading to the creation of the Second Bulgarian Empire until 1396 Levant Edit Spring The Crusaders under Raynald of Chatillon attack a large Muslim caravan including members of Saladin s family journeying from Cairo Raynald takes the merchants and their families with all their possessions to his castle of Kerak Saladin demands the release of the prisoners and compensation for their losses This is refused by Raynald who pays no attention to his order 2 March 13 Saladin leaves Damascus with his Muslim forces and sends letters to neighboring countries asking for volunteers for a forthcoming jihad Holy War A week later his younger brother Al Adil governor of Egypt leads his forces out of Cairo towards Syria Meanwhile Saladin leaves an army under his 18 year old son Al Afdal at Busra to keep watch on the Pilgrim road 3 April King Guy of Lusignan summons his vassals and marches north to Nazareth to reduce Galilee to submission April 29 A delegation under Balian of Ibelin is sent to Tiberias to reconcile with Raymond III prince of Galilee After Easter a second delegation supported by the Knights Templar and Knights Hospitaller is sent to Tripoli but the situation remains unchanged May 1 Battle of Cresson A Muslim reconnaissance force some 7 000 men 4 under Muzaffar al Din Gokbori defeats a small Crusader army near Nazareth Only Gerard de Ridefort commander of the Crusaders and a handful of knights escape death or capture The Muslims scatter and kill the Christian foot soldiers some 400 men before pillaging the countryside 5 June 26 Saladin regroups his Muslim forces and marches towards the Jordan River His army numbers around 30 000 men and is divided into three columns The following day Saladin encamps on the Golan Heights in a marshy area near Lake Tiberias Raiding parties are sent across the Jordan to ravage Christian territory between Nazareth Tiberias and Mount Tabor 6 June 30 Saladin sends a contingent to block Tiberias and challenges the Crusaders by moving his main camp closer to Saffuriya some 10 km west of Lake Tiberias On July 1 he sends scouts to monitor an alternative road on his northern flank that connects Saffuriya and Tiberias The following day he attacks Tiberias with a part of his forces including siege equipment 7 July 2 3 Saladin besieges Tiberias The defenders and Countess Eschiva II wife of Raymond III retreat to the citadel and sends messengers urging Guy of Lusignan to send help Meanwhile Guy and Raymond hold a war council to debate what should be done Persuaded by Gerard de Ridefort and Raynald of Chatillon Guy orders to march to the rescue of Tiberias 8 July 4 Battle of Hattin Saladin defeats the Crusader army some 20 000 men under Guy of Lusignan at the Horns of Hattin Guy is captured along with many nobles and knights among them Raynald of Chatillon The latter is executed by Saladin himself 9 The Crusader States have no reserves to defend the castles and fortified settlements against Saladin s forces 10 July 14 Conrad of Montferrat an Italian nobleman arrives in Tyre which ends the surrender negotiations with Saladin He finds the remnants of the Crusader army after the battle of Hattin and makes the Tyrians swear loyalty to him Reginald of Sidon and several other nobles give their support Reginald goes to refortify his own castle of Beaufort on the Litani River 11 Summer Saladin begins a campaign that paves the way for further Muslim inroads into Christian territory Al Adil invades Palestine with the Egyptian army and captures the strategic castle of Mirabel Majdal Yaba By mid September Saladin has captured the cities of Acre Jaffa Gaza and Ascalon blockaded by the Egyptian fleet along with some 50 Crusader castles September 20 October 2 Siege of Jerusalem Saladin captures Jerusalem after the Crusaders led by Balian of Ibelin surrender the Holy City The take over of the city is relatively peaceful Saladin agrees to let the Muslims and Christians leave the city taking with them their goods Balian joins his wife Maria Komnene and family in the County of Tripoli Europe Edit Summer Pillage of Sigtuna A fleet of Karelians enters Lake Malar and ravages the coast The marauders burn Sigtuna and kill Archbishop Johannes at Almarestaket in Sweden 12 Genoa takes Bonifacio in Corsica from Pisa Pope Gregory VIII reconciles the differences between the states so that both may be used to expedite shipments to the Holy Land 13 England Edit November Richard of Poitou son of King Henry II take the Cross to help capture Jerusalem from the Muslims He empties his coffers for the mission and makes a deal with King William the Lion of Scotland giving him full feudal autonomy in return for cash Africa Edit Almohad forces under Caliph Abu Yusuf Yaqub al Mansur reconquer the city of Gabes modern Tunisia from the Almoravid pretender Ali Banu Ghaniya 14 Asia Edit November 9 Retired Emperor Gao Zong dies at the age of 80 having abdicated 58 years ago see 1129 after a reign in which he reestablished the Southern Song Dynasty until 1279 By topic Edit Economy Edit Orio Mastropiero doge of Venice secures loans from the Venetian nobility to finance the siege of Zadar Pledging the income from the Salt Office becomes a staple of the city s finance 15 Religion Edit October 20 Pope Urban III dies after a 2 year pontificate at Ferrara He is succeeded by Gregory VIII as the 173rd pope of the Catholic Church October Josias archbishop of Tyre arrives in Rome and informs the Papal Court of the disaster of the Christian slaughter at Hattin by Saladin October 29 Gregory VIII issues the bull Audita tremendi proposing the Third Crusade and negotiates with Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa December 17 Gregory VIII dies after holding the papacy for only 57 days He is succeeded by Clement III as the 174th pope of Rome Births EditFebruary 23 Peter I Pedro count of Urgell d 1258 March 29 Arthur I or Arzhur duke of Brittany d 1203 July 29 Ibn Abi l Dam Syrian historian and judge d 1244 September 5 Louis VIII the Lion French king d 1226 Ela of Salisbury 3rd countess of Salisbury d 1261 Gundisalvus of Amarante Portuguese priest d 1259 Hassan III ruler of the Nizari Ismaili State d 1221 Ibn Adlan Ayyubid cryptologist and poet d 1268 Koga Michiteru Japanese nobleman and poet d 1248 Liu Kezhuang Chinese poet and literary critic d 1269 Peter I Mauclerc duke and regent of Brittany d 1250 Vladimir IV Rurikovich Kievan Grand Prince d 1239 Deaths EditFebruary 18 Gilbert Foliot bishop of London b 1110 March 18 Boguslaw I duke of Pomerania b 1130 May 1 Roger de Moulins French Grand Master May 6 Ruben III or Roupen Armenian ruler b 1145 July 4 Raynald of Chatillon prince of Antioch b 1125 October 1 Yaroslav Osmomysl Galician prince b 1135 October 20 Urban III pope of the Catholic Church b 1120 November 9 Gao Zong Chinese emperor b 1107 November 10 Gudrodr olafsson Norse king of Dublin November 30 Fujiwara no Hidehira Japanese nobleman December 17 Gregory VIII pope of the Catholic Church Abu l Hasan Ali ibn Ruburtayr Catalan mercenary general Alexios Branas Byzantine nobleman and usurper Clarembald of Arras French theologian and writer Gerard of Cremona Italian translator and writer b 1114 Guecellone II Italian nobleman House of Da Camino Raymond III crusader and count of Tripoli b 1140 Robert of St Albans English nobleman and knight Rodrigo Alvarez Galician nobleman and crusaderReferences Edit Choniates Nicetas 1984 O City of Byzantium Annals of Niketas Choniates pp 212 213 Translated by Harry J Magoulias Detroit Wayne State University Press ISBN 0 8143 1764 2 Steven Runciman 1952 A History of The Crusades Vol II The Kingdom of Jerusalem p 367 ISBN 978 0 241 29876 3 David Nicolle 1993 Osprey Campaign series 19 Hattin 1187 Saladin s Greatest Victory p 56 ISBN 1 85532 284 6 David Nicolle 1993 Osprey Campaign series 19 Hattin 1187 Saladin s Greatest Victory p 57 ISBN 1 85532 284 6 According to David Nicolle Gokbori s force was said to consist of 7 000 men though this is a huge exaggeration 700 seeming more likely Steven Runciman 1952 A History of The Crusades Vol II The Kingdom of Jerusalem pp 369 370 ISBN 978 0 241 29876 3 David Nicolle 1993 Osprey Campaign series 19 Hattin 1187 Saladin s Greatest Victory p 61 ISBN 1 85532 284 6 Steven Runciman 1952 A History of The Crusades Vol II The Kingdom of Jerusalem p 371 ISBN 978 0 241 29876 3 David Nicolle 1993 Osprey Campaign series 19 Hattin 1187 Saladin s Greatest Victory pp 61 62 ISBN 1 85532 284 6 Steven Runciman 1952 A History of The Crusades Vol II The Kingdom of Jerusalem p 375 ISBN 978 0 241 29876 3 Smail R C 1995 Crusading Warfare 1097 1193 p 33 2nd ed Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 45838 2 David Nicolle 2005 Osprey Campaign series 161 The Third Crusade 1191 Richard the Lionheart Saladin and the struggle for Jerusalem p 16 ISBN 978 1 84176 868 7 Enn Tarvel 2007 Sigtuna hukkumine Archived October 11 2017 at the Wayback Machine Haridus 2007 7 8 p 38 41 Colombani Philippe 2010 Heros corses du Moyen Age Ajaccio Albiana p 173 ISBN 978 2 84698 338 9 Picard Christophe 1997 La mer et les musulmans d Occident VIIIe XIIIe siecle Paris Presses Universitaires de France Munro John H 2003 The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution The International History Review 15 3 506 562 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1187 amp oldid 1108623405, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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