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The yō-on (Japanese: 拗音 (ようおん)), also written as yōon, is a feature of the Japanese language in which a mora is formed with an added [j] sound, i.e., palatalized,[1] or (more rarely in the modern language) with an added [w] sound, i.e. labialized.
Yōon are represented in hiragana using a kana ending in i, such as き (ki) or に (ni), plus a smaller version of one of the three y kana, ya, yu or yo. For example, kyō, "today" (今日), is written きょう [kʲoo], using a small version of the yo kana, よ. Contrast this with kiyō, "skillful" (器用), which is written きよう [kijoo], with a full-sized yo kana. In historical kana orthography, yōon were not distinguished with the smaller kana, and had to be determined by context.
In earlier stages of Japanese, and in certain dialects, yōon can also be formed with the kana wa, wi, we, and wo; for example, くゎ/クヮ kwa, くゐ/クヰ kwi, くゑ/クヱ kwe, くを/クヲ kwo[citation needed]. Although obsolete in modern Japanese, kwa and kwi can still be found in several of the Ryukyuan languages today (e.g. Okinawan), while kwe is formed with the digraph くぇ. Instead of the kana き, these are formed with the kana for ku, く/ク. Some older transliterations in English follow the earlier pronunciation, e.g. Kwaidan, Kwannon, and such yōon may appear in loanwords e.g. ムジカ・アンティクヮ・ケルン "Musica Antiqua Köln". They were also used to write Hakka in Taiwan under Japanese rule.
In Japanese Braille, Yōon is indicated with one of the yōon, yōon+dakuten, or yōon+handakuten prefixes.
Unlike in kana, Braille yōon is prefixed to the -a/-u/-o syllables, rather than appending ya, yu or yo to an -i kana, e.g. kyu: きゅ - ki + yu →⠈⠩ - yōon + ku. Likewise, the -w- syllables are indicated by a prefix of the -a/-i/-e/-o syllables, rather than an -u syllable, e.g. くぁ / くゎ (kwa) = -w- + ka: ⠢⠡.
Referencesedit
^Haruo Kubozono (2015). Handbook of Japanese Phonetics and Phonology. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN978-1614512523.
January 01, 1970
yōon, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, japanese, november, 2023, click. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Japanese November 2023 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Japanese article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 3 701 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Wikipedia article at ja 拗音 see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated ja 拗音 to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Yōon news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2023 Learn how and when to remove this message Learn how and when to remove this message The yō on Japanese 拗音 ようおん also written as yōon is a feature of the Japanese language in which a mora is formed with an added j sound i e palatalized 1 or more rarely in the modern language with an added w sound i e labialized Yōon are represented in hiragana using a kana ending in i such as き ki or に ni plus a smaller version of one of the three y kana ya yu or yo For example kyō today 今日 is written きょう kʲoo using a small version of the yo kana よ Contrast this with kiyō skillful 器用 which is written きよう kijoo with a full sized yo kana In historical kana orthography yōon were not distinguished with the smaller kana and had to be determined by context In earlier stages of Japanese and in certain dialects yōon can also be formed with the kana wa wi we and wo for example くゎ クヮ kwa くゐ クヰ kwi くゑ クヱ kwe くを クヲ kwo citation needed Although obsolete in modern Japanese kwa and kwi can still be found in several of the Ryukyuan languages today e g Okinawan while kwe is formed with the digraph くぇ Instead of the kana き these are formed with the kana for ku く ク Some older transliterations in English follow the earlier pronunciation e g Kwaidan Kwannon and such yōon may appear in loanwords e g ムジカ アンティクヮ ケルン Musica Antiqua Koln They were also used to write Hakka in Taiwan under Japanese rule Table editYōon 拗音 katakana ャ ya ュ yu ョ yo キ ki キャ kya キュ kyu キョ kyo シ shi シャ sha シュ shu ショ sho チ chi チャ cha チュ chu チョ cho ニ ni ニャ nya ニュ nyu ニョ nyo ヒ hi ヒャ hya ヒュ hyu ヒョ hyo ミ mi ミャ mya ミュ myu ミョ myo リ ri リャ rya リュ ryu リョ ryo dakuten ギ gi ギャ gya ギュ gyu ギョ gyo ジ ji ジャ ja ジュ ju ジョ jo ヂ ji ヂャ ja ヂュ ju ヂョ jo ビ bi ビャ bya ビュ byu ビョ byo handakuten ピ pi ピャ pya ピュ pyu ピョ pyo hiragana ゃ ya ゅ yu ょ yo き ki きゃ kya きゅ kyu きょ kyo し shi しゃ sha しゅ shu しょ sho ち chi ちゃ cha ちゅ chu ちょ cho に ni にゃ nya にゅ nyu にょ nyo ひ hi ひゃ hya ひゅ hyu ひょ hyo み mi みゃ mya みゅ myu みょ myo り ri りゃ rya りゅ ryu りょ ryo dakuten ぎ gi ぎゃ gya ぎゅ gyu ぎょ gyo じ ji じゃ ja じゅ ju じょ jo ぢ ji ぢゃ ja ぢゅ ju ぢょ jo び bi びゃ bya びゅ byu びょ byo handakuten ぴ pi ぴゃ pya ぴゅ pyu ぴょ pyo 合拗音 Gō Yōon Closed Yōon Obsolete labialized k くゎ kwa くゐ kwi くゑ kwe labialized g ぐゎ gwa ぐゐ gwi ぐゑ gweOther representations editBraille Yōon Yōon Dakuten Yōon Handakuten w nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp In Japanese Braille Yōon is indicated with one of the yōon yōon dakuten or yōon handakuten prefixes Unlike in kana Braille yōon is prefixed to the a u o syllables rather than appending ya yu or yo to an i kana e g kyu きゅ ki yu yōon ku Likewise the w syllables are indicated by a prefix of the a i e o syllables rather than an u syllable e g くぁ くゎ kwa w ka References edit Haruo Kubozono 2015 Handbook of Japanese Phonetics and Phonology Walter de Gruyter GmbH amp Co KG ISBN 978 1614512523 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yōon amp oldid 1218359002, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
