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Denebola

April 14, 2024

This article is about the star. For other uses, see Denebola (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Deneb, a star in the constellation Cygnus.

Denebola is the second-brightest individual star in the zodiac constellation of Leo.[13] It is the easternmost of the bright stars of Leo. It has the Bayer designation Beta Leonis or β Leonis, which are abbreviated Beta Leo or β Leo. Denebola is an A-type main sequence star with 75% more mass than the Sun and 15 times the Sun's luminosity. Based on parallax measurements from the Hipparcos astrometry satellite, the star is at a distance of 36 light-years (11 parsecs) from the Sun. Its apparent visual magnitude is 2.14, making it readily visible to the naked eye. Denebola is a Delta Scuti type variable star, meaning its luminosity varies very slightly over a period of a few hours.

Denebola
Location of β Leonis (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Leo
Pronunciation /dəˈnɛbələ/,[1]
Right ascension 11h 49m 03.57834s[2]
Declination +14° 34′ 19.4090″[2]
Apparent magnitude (V) 2.14[3]
Characteristics
Spectral type A3Va[4]
U−B color index +0.07[5]
B−V color index +0.09[5]
Variable type δ Sct[3]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)−0.2[6] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −497.68[2] mas/yr
Dec.: −114.67[2] mas/yr
Parallax (π)90.91 ± 0.52 mas[2]
Distance35.9 ± 0.2 ly
(11.00 ± 0.06 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)+1.93[7]
Details
Mass1.78[8] M☉
Radius1.728[8] R☉
Luminosity15[8] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.0[9] cgs
Temperature8,500[9] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]+0.00[8] dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)128[10] km/s
Age100–380[8] Myr
Other designations
Deneb Aleet, β Leonis, 94 Leo, BD+15°2383, FK5 444, GJ 448, HD 102647, HIP 57632, HR 4534, SAO 99809, LHS 2462, LTT 13249[11][12]
Database references
SIMBADdata

Nomenclature edit

 
Denebola is the most eastward (left) bright star in this stick-figure diagram overlaid on a constellation photograph of Leo

β Leonis (Latinised to Beta Leonis) is the star's Bayer designation. In Johann Bayer's Uranometria (1603), it was designated β (Beta) as the second-brightest star in the constellation. It also bears the Flamsteed designation of 94 Leonis (assigned on the basis of increasing right ascension rather than luminosity) and additional designations followed as the star was recorded in subsequent star catalogues.

The traditional name Denebola is shortened from Deneb Alased, from the Arabic phrase ذنب الاسد ðanab al-asad 'tail of the lion', as it represents the lion's tail, the star's position in the Leo constellation.[14] (Deneb in Cygnus has a similar name origin.) In the Alphonsine Tables it was recorded as Denebalezeth.[15] On R. A. Proctor's 1871 star chart of the Northern Hemisphere it was designated Deneb Aleet. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[16] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016[17] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN, which included Denebola for this star. It is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names.[18]

15th century astronomer Ulugh Beg, gives the name Al Ṣarfah, the Changer (i.e. of the weather), as the star's individual title.[19] Al-Biruni, a Muslim scholar and polymath of the 11th century, wrote of it: "The heat turns away when it rises, and the cold turns away when it disappears."[19]

Ancient Chinese astronomers designated it the first star of the five-star asterism "Seat of the Five Emperors", hence its Chinese name 五帝座一 (Wǔdìzuò-yī).

In Hindu astronomy, Denebola corresponds to the Nakshatra (a sector along the ecliptic) named Uttara Phalgunī (second reddish one).

Denebola, along with Spica and Arcturus, is part of the Spring Triangle asterism, and by extension, also of the Great Diamond together with the star Cor Caroli.[20]

Properties edit

Denebola is a relatively young star with an age estimated at less than 400 million years. Interferometric observations give a radius that is about 173% that of the Sun. Its high rate of rotation results in an oblate shape with an equatorial bulge. It has 75% more mass than the Sun, which results in a much higher overall luminosity and a shorter life span on the main sequence.[8]

 
Illustration of an A-type dwarf star

Based upon the star's spectrum, it has a stellar classification of A3 Va,[4] with the luminosity class 'Va' indicating this is a particularly luminous dwarf, a main sequence star that is generating energy through the nuclear fusion of hydrogen at its core. The effective temperature of Denebola's outer envelope is about 8,500 K, which results in the white hue typical of A-type stars. Denebola has a high projected rotational velocity of 128 km/s, which is of the same order of magnitude as for the very rapidly rotating star Achernar. The Sun, in comparison, has an equatorial rotation velocity of 2 km/s.[9] This star is believed to be a Delta Scuti variable star that exhibits fluctuations in luminosity of 0.025 magnitudes roughly ten times per day.[21]

Denebola shows a strong infrared excess, indicating there is a circumstellar debris disk of cool dust in orbit around it.[22] This dust has a temperature of about 120 K (−153 °C). Observations with the Herschel Space Observatory have provided resolved images, which show the disk to be located at a mean radius of 39 astronomical units from the star.[23] As the Solar System is believed to have formed out of such a disk, Denebola and similar stars such as Vega and Beta Pictoris may be candidate locations for extrasolar planets.

Kinematic studies have shown that Denebola is part of a stellar association dubbed the IC 2391 supercluster. All the stars of this group share a roughly common motion through space, although they are not gravitationally bound. This suggests that they were born in the same location, and perhaps initially formed an open cluster. Other stars in this association include Alpha Pictoris, Beta Canis Minoris and the open cluster IC 2391. In total more than sixty probable members of the group have been identified.[24]

In culture edit

In astrology, Denebola was believed to portend misfortune and disgrace.[25]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Denebola". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.
  2. ^ a b c d e van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID 18759600.
  3. ^ a b Samus, N. N.; et al. (2017). "General Catalogue of Variable Stars". Astronomy Reports. 5.1. 61 (1): 80–88. Bibcode:2017ARep...61...80S. doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085. S2CID 125853869.
  4. ^ a b Gray, R. O.; Corbally, C. J.; Garrison, R. F.; McFadden, M. T.; Robinson, P. E. (2003). "Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 Parsecs: The Northern Sample. I". The Astronomical Journal. 126 (4): 2048. arXiv:astro-ph/0308182. Bibcode:2003AJ....126.2048G. doi:10.1086/378365. S2CID 119417105.
  5. ^ a b Hoffleit, D.; Jaschek, C., eds. (1991). The Bright Star Catalogue. New Haven: Yale University Observatory. Bibcode:1991bsc..book.....H.
  6. ^ Evans, D. S. (June 20–24, 1966). "The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities". In Batten, Alan Henry; Heard, John Frederick (eds.). Determination of Radial Velocities and their Applications, Proceedings from IAU Symposium no. 30. Vol. 30. University of Toronto: International Astronomical Union. p. 57. Bibcode:1967IAUS...30...57E.
  7. ^ Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012). "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation". Astronomy Letters. 38 (5): 331. arXiv:1108.4971. Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A. doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015. S2CID 119257644.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Di Folco, E.; et al. (2004). "VLTI near-IR interferometric observations of Vega-like stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 426 (2): 601–617. Bibcode:2004A&A...426..601D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20047189.
  9. ^ a b c Acke, B.; Waelkens, C. (2004). "Chemical analysis of 24 dusty (pre-)main sequence stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 427 (3): 1009–1017. arXiv:astro-ph/0408221. Bibcode:2004A&A...427.1009A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041460. S2CID 16615394.
  10. ^ Royer, F.; Zorec, J.; Gómez, A. E. (February 2007). "Rotational velocities of A-type stars. III. Velocity distributions". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 463 (2): 671–682. arXiv:astro-ph/0610785. Bibcode:2007A&A...463..671R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065224. S2CID 18475298.
  11. ^ "* bet Leo". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2007-06-18.
  12. ^ "Denebola". Alcyone. Retrieved 2006-08-10.
  13. ^ The two components of the γ Leonis double star, which are unresolved to the naked eye, have a combined magnitude brighter than it.
  14. ^ Allen, R. H. (1963). Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning (Reprint ed.). New York, NY: Dover Publications Inc. p. 258. ISBN 0-486-21079-0. Retrieved 2010-12-12.
  15. ^ Kunitzsch, Paul (1986). "The Star Catalogue Commonly Appended to the Alfonsine Tables". Journal for the History of Astronomy. 17 (49): 89–98. Bibcode:1986JHA....17...89K. doi:10.1177/002182868601700202. S2CID 118597258.
  16. ^ "IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)". Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  17. ^ "Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1" (PDF). Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  18. ^ "IAU Catalog of Star Names". Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  19. ^ a b LacusCurtius • Allen's Star Names — Leo
  20. ^ Rao, Joe (June 11, 2012). "How to See Mars and Saturn in Night Sky's Spring Triangle". Space.com. from the original on 2023-05-29. Retrieved 2024-01-29.
  21. ^ Mkrtichian, D. E.; Yurkov, A. (5–7 November 1997). "β Leo - Back to Delta Scuti Stars?". Proceedings of the 20th Stellar Conference of the Czech and Slovak Astronomical Institutes. Brno, Czech Republic: Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publishing Co. p. 172. Bibcode:1998vsr..conf..143M. ISBN 80-85882-08-6.
  22. ^ Cote, J. (1987). "B and A type stars with unexpectedly large colour excesses at IRAS wavelengths". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 181 (1): 77–84. Bibcode:1987A&A...181...77C.
  23. ^ Matthews, B. C.; et al. (2010). "Resolving debris discs in the far-infrared: Early highlights from the DEBRIS survey". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 518: L135. arXiv:1005.5147. Bibcode:2010A&A...518L.135M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014667. S2CID 54013449.
  24. ^ Eggen, O. J. (1991). "The IC 2391 supercluster". Astronomical Journal. 102: 2028–2040. Bibcode:1991AJ....102.2028E. doi:10.1086/116025.
  25. ^ Allen, Richard Hinckley (1899). Star Names and their Meanings. New York, Leipzig: G. E. Stechert.

Further reading edit

  • Defrère, D.; et al. (April 2021). "The HOSTS Survey: Evidence for an Extended Dust Disk and Constraints on the Presence of Giant Planets in the Habitable Zone of β Leo". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (4): 186. arXiv:2103.03268. Bibcode:2021AJ....161..186D. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abe3ff. S2CID 232135141. 186.
  • Churcher, L. J.; et al. (November 2011). "Multiwavelength modelling of the β Leo debris disc: one, two or three planetesimal populations?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 417 (3): 1715–1734. arXiv:1107.0316. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.417.1715C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19341.x. S2CID 73557018.
  • Stock, Nathan D.; et al. (December 2010). "The Structure of the β Leonis Debris Disk". The Astrophysical Journal. 724 (2): 1238–1255. arXiv:1010.0003. Bibcode:2010ApJ...724.1238S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/724/2/1238. S2CID 28349642.
  • Bartolini, C.; et al. (August 1981). "The delta Scuti Star beta Leonis". Information Bulletin on Variable Stars. 2010: 1. Bibcode:1981IBVS.2010....1B.

External links edit

  • Kaler, Jim. "Denebola". Stars. University of Illinois. Retrieved 2012-01-14.

April 14, 2024
denebola, this, article, about, star, other, uses, disambiguation, confused, with, deneb, star, constellation, cygnus, second, brightest, individual, star, zodiac, constellation, easternmost, bright, stars, bayer, designation, beta, leonis, leonis, which, abbr. This article is about the star For other uses see Denebola disambiguation Not to be confused with Deneb a star in the constellation Cygnus Denebola is the second brightest individual star in the zodiac constellation of Leo 13 It is the easternmost of the bright stars of Leo It has the Bayer designation Beta Leonis or b Leonis which are abbreviated Beta Leo or b Leo Denebola is an A type main sequence star with 75 more mass than the Sun and 15 times the Sun s luminosity Based on parallax measurements from the Hipparcos astrometry satellite the star is at a distance of 36 light years 11 parsecs from the Sun Its apparent visual magnitude is 2 14 making it readily visible to the naked eye Denebola is a Delta Scuti type variable star meaning its luminosity varies very slightly over a period of a few hours DenebolaLocation of b Leonis circled Observation dataEpoch J2000 Equinox J2000Constellation LeoPronunciation d e ˈ n ɛ b e l e 1 Right ascension 11h 49m 03 57834s 2 Declination 14 34 19 4090 2 Apparent magnitude V 2 14 3 CharacteristicsSpectral type A3Va 4 U B color index 0 07 5 B V color index 0 09 5 Variable type d Sct 3 AstrometryRadial velocity Rv 0 2 6 km sProper motion m RA 497 68 2 mas yr Dec 114 67 2 mas yrParallax p 90 91 0 52 mas 2 Distance35 9 0 2 ly 11 00 0 06 pc Absolute magnitude MV 1 93 7 DetailsMass1 78 8 M Radius1 728 8 R Luminosity15 8 L Surface gravity log g 4 0 9 cgsTemperature8 500 9 KMetallicity Fe H 0 00 8 dexRotational velocity v sin i 128 10 km sAge100 380 8 MyrOther designationsDeneb Aleet b Leonis 94 Leo BD 15 2383 FK5 444 GJ 448 HD 102647 HIP 57632 HR 4534 SAO 99809 LHS 2462 LTT 13249 11 12 Database referencesSIMBADdata Contents 1 Nomenclature 2 Properties 3 In culture 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksNomenclature edit nbsp Denebola is the most eastward left bright star in this stick figure diagram overlaid on a constellation photograph of Leob Leonis Latinised to Beta Leonis is the star s Bayer designation In Johann Bayer s Uranometria 1603 it was designated b Beta as the second brightest star in the constellation It also bears the Flamsteed designation of 94 Leonis assigned on the basis of increasing right ascension rather than luminosity and additional designations followed as the star was recorded in subsequent star catalogues The traditional name Denebola is shortened from Deneb Alased from the Arabic phrase ذنب الاسد danab al asad tail of the lion as it represents the lion s tail the star s position in the Leo constellation 14 Deneb in Cygnus has a similar name origin In the Alphonsine Tables it was recorded as Denebalezeth 15 On R A Proctor s 1871 star chart of the Northern Hemisphere it was designated Deneb Aleet In 2016 the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names WGSN 16 to catalog and standardize proper names for stars The WGSN s first bulletin of July 2016 17 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN which included Denebola for this star It is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names 18 15th century astronomer Ulugh Beg gives the name Al Ṣarfah the Changer i e of the weather as the star s individual title 19 Al Biruni a Muslim scholar and polymath of the 11th century wrote of it The heat turns away when it rises and the cold turns away when it disappears 19 Ancient Chinese astronomers designated it the first star of the five star asterism Seat of the Five Emperors hence its Chinese name 五帝座一 Wǔdizuo yi In Hindu astronomy Denebola corresponds to the Nakshatra a sector along the ecliptic named Uttara Phalguni second reddish one Denebola along with Spica and Arcturus is part of the Spring Triangle asterism and by extension also of the Great Diamond together with the star Cor Caroli 20 Properties editDenebola is a relatively young star with an age estimated at less than 400 million years Interferometric observations give a radius that is about 173 that of the Sun Its high rate of rotation results in an oblate shape with an equatorial bulge It has 75 more mass than the Sun which results in a much higher overall luminosity and a shorter life span on the main sequence 8 nbsp Illustration of an A type dwarf starBased upon the star s spectrum it has a stellar classification of A3 Va 4 with the luminosity class Va indicating this is a particularly luminous dwarf a main sequence star that is generating energy through the nuclear fusion of hydrogen at its core The effective temperature of Denebola s outer envelope is about 8 500 K which results in the white hue typical of A type stars Denebola has a high projected rotational velocity of 128 km s which is of the same order of magnitude as for the very rapidly rotating star Achernar The Sun in comparison has an equatorial rotation velocity of 2 km s 9 This star is believed to be a Delta Scuti variable star that exhibits fluctuations in luminosity of 0 025 magnitudes roughly ten times per day 21 Denebola shows a strong infrared excess indicating there is a circumstellar debris disk of cool dust in orbit around it 22 This dust has a temperature of about 120 K 153 C Observations with the Herschel Space Observatory have provided resolved images which show the disk to be located at a mean radius of 39 astronomical units from the star 23 As the Solar System is believed to have formed out of such a disk Denebola and similar stars such as Vega and Beta Pictoris may be candidate locations for extrasolar planets Kinematic studies have shown that Denebola is part of a stellar association dubbed the IC 2391 supercluster All the stars of this group share a roughly common motion through space although they are not gravitationally bound This suggests that they were born in the same location and perhaps initially formed an open cluster Other stars in this association include Alpha Pictoris Beta Canis Minoris and the open cluster IC 2391 In total more than sixty probable members of the group have been identified 24 In culture editIn astrology Denebola was believed to portend misfortune and disgrace 25 See also editList of nearest bright starsReferences edit Denebola Merriam Webster com Dictionary a b c d e van Leeuwen F November 2007 Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction Astronomy and Astrophysics 474 2 653 664 arXiv 0708 1752 Bibcode 2007A amp A 474 653V doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20078357 S2CID 18759600 a b Samus N N et al 2017 General Catalogue of Variable Stars Astronomy Reports 5 1 61 1 80 88 Bibcode 2017ARep 61 80S doi 10 1134 S1063772917010085 S2CID 125853869 a b Gray R O Corbally C J Garrison R F McFadden M T Robinson P E 2003 Contributions to the Nearby Stars NStars Project Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 Parsecs The Northern Sample I The Astronomical Journal 126 4 2048 arXiv astro ph 0308182 Bibcode 2003AJ 126 2048G doi 10 1086 378365 S2CID 119417105 a b Hoffleit D Jaschek C eds 1991 The Bright Star Catalogue New Haven Yale University Observatory Bibcode 1991bsc book H Evans D S June 20 24 1966 The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities In Batten Alan Henry Heard John Frederick eds Determination of Radial Velocities and their Applications Proceedings from IAU Symposium no 30 Vol 30 University of Toronto International Astronomical Union p 57 Bibcode 1967IAUS 30 57E Anderson E Francis Ch 2012 XHIP An extended hipparcos compilation Astronomy Letters 38 5 331 arXiv 1108 4971 Bibcode 2012AstL 38 331A doi 10 1134 S1063773712050015 S2CID 119257644 a b c d e f Di Folco E et al 2004 VLTI near IR interferometric observations of Vega like stars Astronomy and Astrophysics 426 2 601 617 Bibcode 2004A amp A 426 601D doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20047189 a b c Acke B Waelkens C 2004 Chemical analysis of 24 dusty pre main sequence stars Astronomy and Astrophysics 427 3 1009 1017 arXiv astro ph 0408221 Bibcode 2004A amp A 427 1009A doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20041460 S2CID 16615394 Royer F Zorec J Gomez A E February 2007 Rotational velocities of A type stars III Velocity distributions Astronomy and Astrophysics 463 2 671 682 arXiv astro ph 0610785 Bibcode 2007A amp A 463 671R doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20065224 S2CID 18475298 bet Leo SIMBAD Centre de donnees astronomiques de Strasbourg Retrieved 2007 06 18 Denebola Alcyone Retrieved 2006 08 10 The two components of the g Leonis double star which are unresolved to the naked eye have a combined magnitude brighter than it Allen R H 1963 Star Names Their Lore and Meaning Reprint ed New York NY Dover Publications Inc p 258 ISBN 0 486 21079 0 Retrieved 2010 12 12 Kunitzsch Paul 1986 The Star Catalogue Commonly Appended to the Alfonsine Tables Journal for the History of Astronomy 17 49 89 98 Bibcode 1986JHA 17 89K doi 10 1177 002182868601700202 S2CID 118597258 IAU Working Group on Star Names WGSN Retrieved 22 May 2016 Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names No 1 PDF Retrieved 28 July 2016 IAU Catalog of Star Names Retrieved 28 July 2016 a b LacusCurtius Allen s Star Names Leo Rao Joe June 11 2012 How to See Mars and Saturn in Night Sky s Spring Triangle Space com Archived from the original on 2023 05 29 Retrieved 2024 01 29 Mkrtichian D E Yurkov A 5 7 November 1997 b Leo Back to Delta Scuti Stars Proceedings of the 20th Stellar Conference of the Czech and Slovak Astronomical Institutes Brno Czech Republic Dordrecht D Reidel Publishing Co p 172 Bibcode 1998vsr conf 143M ISBN 80 85882 08 6 Cote J 1987 B and A type stars with unexpectedly large colour excesses at IRAS wavelengths Astronomy and Astrophysics 181 1 77 84 Bibcode 1987A amp A 181 77C Matthews B C et al 2010 Resolving debris discs in the far infrared Early highlights from the DEBRIS survey Astronomy and Astrophysics 518 L135 arXiv 1005 5147 Bibcode 2010A amp A 518L 135M doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201014667 S2CID 54013449 Eggen O J 1991 The IC 2391 supercluster Astronomical Journal 102 2028 2040 Bibcode 1991AJ 102 2028E doi 10 1086 116025 Allen Richard Hinckley 1899 Star Names and their Meanings New York Leipzig G E Stechert Further reading editDefrere D et al April 2021 The HOSTS Survey Evidence for an Extended Dust Disk and Constraints on the Presence of Giant Planets in the Habitable Zone of b Leo The Astronomical Journal 161 4 186 arXiv 2103 03268 Bibcode 2021AJ 161 186D doi 10 3847 1538 3881 abe3ff S2CID 232135141 186 Churcher L J et al November 2011 Multiwavelength modelling of the b Leo debris disc one two or three planetesimal populations Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 417 3 1715 1734 arXiv 1107 0316 Bibcode 2011MNRAS 417 1715C doi 10 1111 j 1365 2966 2011 19341 x S2CID 73557018 Stock Nathan D et al December 2010 The Structure of the b Leonis Debris Disk The Astrophysical Journal 724 2 1238 1255 arXiv 1010 0003 Bibcode 2010ApJ 724 1238S doi 10 1088 0004 637X 724 2 1238 S2CID 28349642 Bartolini C et al August 1981 The delta Scuti Star beta Leonis Information Bulletin on Variable Stars 2010 1 Bibcode 1981IBVS 2010 1B External links editKaler Jim Denebola Stars University of Illinois Retrieved 2012 01 14 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Denebola amp oldid 1200459187, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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