α Canum Venaticorum, Latinised to Alpha Canum Venaticorum, is the system's Bayer designation. The brighter of the two stars is designated α2 Canum Venaticorum, the fainter α1 Canum Venaticorum.[18]
In the western world Alpha Canum Venaticorum had no name until the 17th century, when it was named Cor Caroli, which means "Charles's Heart". There has been some uncertainty whether it was named in honour of King Charles I of England, who was executed in 1649 during the English Civil War, or of his son, Charles II, who restored the English monarchy to the throne in 1660. The name was coined in 1660 by Sir Charles Scarborough, physician to Charles II, who claimed the star seemed to shine exceptionally brightly on the night of Charles II's return to England. In Star Names, R.H. Allen claimed that Scarborough suggested the name to Edmond Halley and intended it to refer to Charles II.[19] However, Robert Burnham Jr. notes that "the attribution of the name to Halley appears in a report published by J. E. Bode at Berlin in 1801, but seems to have no other verification".[20] In Star Tales, Ian Ridpath points out that the name's first appearance on a star map was in the 1673 chart of Francis Lamb, who labelled it Cor Caroli Regis Martyris ('the heart of Charles the martyred king'), clearly indicating that it was seen as referring to Charles I.[21]
In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[22] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016[23] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Cor Caroli for the star α2 Canum Venaticorum.
Cor Caroli seen from northern England on March 1, 2011
Alpha Canum Venaticorum is a binary star with a combined apparent magnitude of 2.81. The two stars are 19.6 arcseconds apart in the sky and are easily resolved in small telescopes. The system lies approximately 110 light-years from the Sun.
It marks the northern vertex of the asterism known as the Great Diamond or the Diamond of Virgo.
α2 Canum Venaticorum has a spectral type of A0, and has an apparent visual magnitude which varies between 2.84 and 2.98, with a period of 5.47 days.[2] It is a chemically peculiar star with a strong magnetic field, about 5,000 times as strong as the Earth's, and is also classified as an Ap/Bp star.[28] Its atmosphere has overabundances of some elements, such as silicon, mercury and europium. This is thought to be due to some elements sinking down into the star under the force of gravity while others are elevated by radiation pressure.[18][28] This star is the prototype of a class of variable stars, the so-called α2 Canum Venaticorum variables. The strong magnetic field of these stars is believed to produce starspots of enormous extent. Due to these starspots the brightness of α2 Canum Venaticorum stars varies considerably during their rotation.
α1 Canum VenaticorumEdit
α1 Canum Venaticorum is an F-type main-sequence star. It is considerably fainter than its companion and has an apparent visual magnitude of approximately 5.60.[3]
^ abcdefghvan Leeuwen, F.; et al. (2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID 18759600.
^ abalf 2 CVn, database entry, The combined table of GCVS Vols I-III and NL 67-78 with improved coordinates, General Catalogue of Variable Stars 2017-06-20 at the Wayback Machine, Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow, Russia. Accessed on line November 2, 2009.
^ abDucati, J. R. (2002). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2237. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.
^ HR 4915, database entry, The Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Preliminary Version), D. Hoffleit and W. H. Warren, Jr., CDS ID V/50. Accessed on line November 2, 2009.
^ abMermilliod, J.-C. (1986). "Compilation of Eggen's UBV data, transformed to UBV (unpublished)". Catalogue of Eggen's UBV Data. Bibcode:1986EgUBV........0M.
^Gray, R. O.; Corbally, C. J.; Garrison, R. F.; McFadden, M. T.; Robinson, P. E. (2003). "Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 Parsecs: The Northern Sample. I". The Astronomical Journal. 126 (4): 2048. arXiv:astro-ph/0308182. Bibcode:2003AJ....126.2048G. doi:10.1086/378365. S2CID 119417105.
^ abJohnson, H. L. (1966). "UBVRIJKL Photometry of the Bright Stars". Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. 4: 99. Bibcode:1966CoLPL...4...99J.
^Gontcharov, G. A. (2006). "Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system". Astronomy Letters. 32 (11): 759–771. arXiv:1606.08053. Bibcode:2006AstL...32..759G. doi:10.1134/S1063773706110065. S2CID 119231169.
^Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^ abcdefghiKochukhov, O.; Wade, G. A. (2010). "Magnetic Doppler imaging of α2 Canum Venaticorum in all four Stokes parameters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 513: A13. arXiv:1002.0025. Bibcode:2010A&A...513A..13K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913860. S2CID 53998003.
^Holmberg, J.; Nordström, B.; Andersen, J. (2007). "The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood II". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 475 (2): 519. arXiv:0707.1891. Bibcode:2007A&A...475..519H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077221. S2CID 119054949.
^Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^ abcdAllende Prieto, C.; Lambert, D. L. (1999). "Fundamental parameters of nearby stars from the comparison with evolutionary calculations: masses, radii and effective temperatures". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 352: 555–562. arXiv:astro-ph/9911002. Bibcode:1999A&A...352..555A.
^Royer, F.; Zorec, J.; Gómez, A. E. (2007). "Rotational velocities of A-type stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 463 (2): 671. arXiv:astro-ph/0610785. Bibcode:2007A&A...463..671R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065224. S2CID 18475298.
^Robert Burnham, Jr. Burnham's Celestial Handbook, Volume 1, p. 359.
^ Ian Ridpath: "Star Tales", Canes Venatici. See also Deborah J. Warner, The Sky Explored: Celestial Cartography 1500-1800.
^"IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)". Retrieved 22 May 2016.
^"Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1" (PDF). Retrieved 28 July 2016.
^(in Chinese)中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN978-986-7332-25-7.
^(in Chinese) 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 September 29, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
^ Richard Hinckley Allen: Star Names — Their Lore and Meaning: Canes Venatici
^"MAST: Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes". Space Telescope Science Institute. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
^ ab"Cor Caroli", p. 49, The hundred greatest stars, James B. Kaler, Springer, 2002, ISBN0-387-95436-8.
October 21, 2023
caroli, ɔːr, binary, star, designated, alpha, canum, venaticorum, canum, venaticorum, international, astronomical, union, uses, name, specifically, brighter, star, binary, alpha, canum, venaticorum, brightest, point, light, northern, constellation, canes, vena. Cor Caroli ˌ k ɔːr ˈ k aer e l aɪ is a binary star designated Alpha Canum Venaticorum or a Canum Venaticorum The International Astronomical Union uses the name Cor Caroli specifically for the brighter star of the binary 17 Alpha Canum Venaticorum is the brightest point of light in the northern constellation of Canes Venatici a Canum VenaticorumThe location of a Canum Venaticorum circled Observation dataEpoch J2000 0 Equinox J2000 0 ICRS Constellation Canes Venaticia2 CVnRight ascension 12h 56m 01 66622s 1 Declination 38 19 06 1541 1 Apparent magnitude V 2 84 to 2 98 2 a1 CVnRight ascension 12h 56m 00 43258s 1 Declination 38 18 53 3768 1 Apparent magnitude V 5 60 3 Characteristicsa2 CVnSpectral type A0pSiEuHg 4 U B color index 0 32 5 B V color index 0 12 5 Variable type a2 CVna1 CVnSpectral type F2V 6 U B color index 0 03 7 B V color index 0 34 7 Astrometrya2 CVnRadial velocity Rv 4 1 0 2 8 km sProper motion m RA 235 08 1 mas yr Dec 53 54 1 mas yrParallax p 32 7227 0 5844 mas 9 Distance100 2 ly 30 6 0 5 pc Absolute magnitude MV 0 16 0 08 10 a1 CVnRadial velocity Rv 0 60 0 9 11 km sProper motion m RA 232 86 1 mas yr Dec 55 69 1 mas yrParallax p 30 6121 0 0666 mas 12 Distance106 5 0 2 ly 32 67 0 07 pc Detailsa2 CVnMass2 97 0 07 10 M Radius2 49 0 26 10 R Luminosity101 12 10 L Surface gravity log g 3 9 0 1 10 cgsTemperature11 600 500 10 KRotation5 46939 d 10 Rotational velocity v sin i 18 4 0 5 10 km sAge165 60 70 10 Myra1 CVnMass1 47 0 15 13 M Radius1 5 13 R Surface gravity log g 4 25 0 22 13 cgsTemperature7 080 13 KRotational velocity v sin i 18 14 km sOther designationsa CVn Alpha CVn 12 CVn BD 39 2580 ADS 8706 AB CCDM J12560 3819B 15 a2 CVn a CVn A 12 CVn A FK5 485 GC 17557 HD 112413 HIP 63125 HR 4915 SAO 63257 15 a1 CVn a CVn B 12 CVn B GC 17556 HD 112412 HIP 63121 HR 4914 SAO 63256 16 Database referencesSIMBADa2 CVna1 CVn Contents 1 Nomenclature 2 Stellar properties 2 1 a2 Canum Venaticorum 2 2 a1 Canum Venaticorum 3 Namesakes 4 ReferencesNomenclature Edita Canum Venaticorum Latinised to Alpha Canum Venaticorum is the system s Bayer designation The brighter of the two stars is designated a2 Canum Venaticorum the fainter a1 Canum Venaticorum 18 In the western world Alpha Canum Venaticorum had no name until the 17th century when it was named Cor Caroli which means Charles s Heart There has been some uncertainty whether it was named in honour of King Charles I of England who was executed in 1649 during the English Civil War or of his son Charles II who restored the English monarchy to the throne in 1660 The name was coined in 1660 by Sir Charles Scarborough physician to Charles II who claimed the star seemed to shine exceptionally brightly on the night of Charles II s return to England In Star Names R H Allen claimed that Scarborough suggested the name to Edmond Halley and intended it to refer to Charles II 19 However Robert Burnham Jr notes that the attribution of the name to Halley appears in a report published by J E Bode at Berlin in 1801 but seems to have no other verification 20 In Star Tales Ian Ridpath points out that the name s first appearance on a star map was in the 1673 chart of Francis Lamb who labelled it Cor Caroli Regis Martyris the heart of Charles the martyred king clearly indicating that it was seen as referring to Charles I 21 In 2016 the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names WGSN 22 to catalog and standardize proper names for stars The WGSN s first bulletin of July 2016 23 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN which included Cor Caroli for the star a2 Canum Venaticorum In Chinese 常陳 Chang Chen meaning Imperial Guards refers to an asterism consisting of a Canum Venaticorum 10 Canum Venaticorum Beta Canum Venaticorum 6 Canum Venaticorum 2 Canum Venaticorum and 67 Ursae Majoris 24 Consequently the Chinese name for Alpha Canum Venaticorum itself is 常陳一 Chang Chen yi English the First Star of Imperial Guards 25 From this Chinese name the name Chang Chen was derived 26 Stellar properties Edit nbsp Cor Caroli seen from northern England on March 1 2011Alpha Canum Venaticorum is a binary star with a combined apparent magnitude of 2 81 The two stars are 19 6 arcseconds apart in the sky and are easily resolved in small telescopes The system lies approximately 110 light years from the Sun It marks the northern vertex of the asterism known as the Great Diamond or the Diamond of Virgo a2 Canum Venaticorum Edit nbsp A light curve for a2 Canum Venaticorum plotted from TESS data 27 a2 Canum Venaticorum has a spectral type of A0 and has an apparent visual magnitude which varies between 2 84 and 2 98 with a period of 5 47 days 2 It is a chemically peculiar star with a strong magnetic field about 5 000 times as strong as the Earth s and is also classified as an Ap Bp star 28 Its atmosphere has overabundances of some elements such as silicon mercury and europium This is thought to be due to some elements sinking down into the star under the force of gravity while others are elevated by radiation pressure 18 28 This star is the prototype of a class of variable stars the so called a2 Canum Venaticorum variables The strong magnetic field of these stars is believed to produce starspots of enormous extent Due to these starspots the brightness of a2 Canum Venaticorum stars varies considerably during their rotation a1 Canum Venaticorum Edit a1 Canum Venaticorum is an F type main sequence star It is considerably fainter than its companion and has an apparent visual magnitude of approximately 5 60 3 Namesakes EditCor Caroli was a U S Navy Crater class cargo ship named after the star References Edit a b c d e f g h van Leeuwen F et al 2007 Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction Astronomy and Astrophysics 474 2 653 664 arXiv 0708 1752 Bibcode 2007A amp A 474 653V doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20078357 S2CID 18759600 a b alf 2 CVn database entry The combined table of GCVS Vols I III and NL 67 78 with improved coordinates General Catalogue of Variable Stars Archived 2017 06 20 at the Wayback Machine Sternberg Astronomical Institute Moscow Russia Accessed on line November 2 2009 a b Ducati J R 2002 VizieR Online Data Catalog Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson s 11 color system CDS ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues 2237 Bibcode 2002yCat 2237 0D HR 4915 database entry The Bright Star Catalogue 5th Revised Ed Preliminary Version D Hoffleit and W H Warren Jr CDS ID V 50 Accessed on line November 2 2009 a b Mermilliod J C 1986 Compilation of Eggen s UBV data transformed to UBV unpublished Catalogue of Eggen s UBV Data Bibcode 1986EgUBV 0M Gray R O Corbally C J Garrison R F McFadden M T Robinson P E 2003 Contributions to the Nearby Stars NStars Project Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 Parsecs The Northern Sample I The Astronomical Journal 126 4 2048 arXiv astro ph 0308182 Bibcode 2003AJ 126 2048G doi 10 1086 378365 S2CID 119417105 a b Johnson H L 1966 UBVRIJKL Photometry of the Bright Stars Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory 4 99 Bibcode 1966CoLPL 4 99J Gontcharov G A 2006 Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system Astronomy Letters 32 11 759 771 arXiv 1606 08053 Bibcode 2006AstL 32 759G doi 10 1134 S1063773706110065 S2CID 119231169 Brown A G A et al Gaia collaboration 2021 Gaia Early Data Release 3 Summary of the contents and survey properties Astronomy amp Astrophysics 649 A1 arXiv 2012 01533 Bibcode 2021A amp A 649A 1G doi 10 1051 0004 6361 202039657 S2CID 227254300 Erratum doi 10 1051 0004 6361 202039657e Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR a b c d e f g h i Kochukhov O Wade G A 2010 Magnetic Doppler imaging of a2 Canum Venaticorum in all four Stokes parameters Astronomy and Astrophysics 513 A13 arXiv 1002 0025 Bibcode 2010A amp A 513A 13K doi 10 1051 0004 6361 200913860 S2CID 53998003 Holmberg J Nordstrom B Andersen J 2007 The Geneva Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood II Astronomy and Astrophysics 475 2 519 arXiv 0707 1891 Bibcode 2007A amp A 475 519H doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20077221 S2CID 119054949 Brown A G A et al Gaia collaboration 2021 Gaia Early Data Release 3 Summary of the contents and survey properties Astronomy amp Astrophysics 649 A1 arXiv 2012 01533 Bibcode 2021A amp A 649A 1G doi 10 1051 0004 6361 202039657 S2CID 227254300 Erratum doi 10 1051 0004 6361 202039657e Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR a b c d Allende Prieto C Lambert D L 1999 Fundamental parameters of nearby stars from the comparison with evolutionary calculations masses radii and effective temperatures Astronomy and Astrophysics 352 555 562 arXiv astro ph 9911002 Bibcode 1999A amp A 352 555A Royer F Zorec J Gomez A E 2007 Rotational velocities of A type stars Astronomy and Astrophysics 463 2 671 arXiv astro ph 0610785 Bibcode 2007A amp A 463 671R doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20065224 S2CID 18475298 a b alf02 CVn SIMBAD Centre de donnees astronomiques de Strasbourg Retrieved 4 May 2017 alf01 CVn SIMBAD Centre de donnees astronomiques de Strasbourg Retrieved 4 May 2017 IAU Catalog of Star Names Retrieved 28 July 2016 a b Cor Caroli Archived 2008 07 04 at the Wayback Machine Stars Jim Kaler Accessed on line September 15 2008 R H Allen Star Names Their Lore and Meaning Robert Burnham Jr Burnham s Celestial Handbook Volume 1 p 359 Ian Ridpath Star Tales Canes Venatici See also Deborah J Warner The Sky Explored Celestial Cartography 1500 1800 IAU Working Group on Star Names WGSN Retrieved 22 May 2016 Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names No 1 PDF Retrieved 28 July 2016 in Chinese 中國星座神話 written by 陳久金 Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司 2005 ISBN 978 986 7332 25 7 in Chinese 香港太空館 研究資源 亮星中英對照表 Archived September 29 2009 at the Wayback Machine Hong Kong Space Museum Accessed on line November 23 2010 Richard Hinckley Allen Star Names Their Lore and Meaning Canes Venatici MAST Barbara A Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes Space Telescope Science Institute Retrieved 8 December 2021 a b Cor Caroli p 49 The hundred greatest stars James B Kaler Springer 2002 ISBN 0 387 95436 8 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cor Caroli amp oldid 1171558846, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
