The spectrum of this star shows triply ionized oxygen (O IV) that is being generated by X-rays and the Auger ionization effect. Observations with the ROSAT space telescope showed it has a higher energy (harder) X-ray spectrum than is usual for B0 V stars. Over the energy range 0.8–1.2 keV, its X-ray luminosity is Lx = 1.8 × 1031 erg s−1 with a large Lx to Lbol of log Lx/Lbol = –6.53 from ASCA measurements. ROSAT measurements showed a log Lx/Lbol ≃ –5.93 for the range 0.1–2.4 keV.[14] The hard component of the X-ray spectrum from τ Sco as studied with XMM-Newton supports the presence of in-falling clumps of plasma in τ Sco.[14]
This star is a proper motion member of the Upper Scorpius subgroup of the Scorpius–CentaurusOB association, the nearest such co-moving association of massive stars to the Sun.[5][7] The Upper Scorpius subgroup contains thousands of young stars with mean age 11 million years at average distance of 470 light years (145 parsecs)[7] A more recent analysis[7] of the HR diagram position for Tau Scorpii estimates its effective temperature to be 29,850 K with a luminosity of 20,400 L☉, consistent with an isochronal age of 5 million years and an estimated mass of 14.5–14.7 solar masses.
Tau Scorpii and Sigma Scorpii together bore the traditional name Al Niyat (or Alniyat) derived from the Arabic النياط al-niyāţ "the arteries" and referring to their position flanking the star Antares, the scorpion's heart, with Tau Scorpii being the star to the south.[16]
Paikauhale is the Hawaiian name for Tau Scorpii.[17][18] In the Hawaiian dictionary by Pukuʻi & Elbert (1986), the word paikauhale[ˈpəiˈkəuˈhale] is defined as to go gadding about from house to house. In another Hawaiian dictionary (H.W. Kent, 1993, "Treasury of Hawaiian Words in One Hundred and One Categories", p.367), paikauhale is defined as Vagabond owning no home; house-to-house wanderer.
In 2016, the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[19] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Paikauhale for the star A on 10 August 2018 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.[20] The name Alniyat was given to Sigma Scorpii.
Cultural signification
The indigenous Boorong people of northwestern Victoria saw this star (together with σ Sco) as wives of Djuit (Antares).[21]
In Chinese, 心宿 (Xīn Xiù), meaning Heart, refers to an asterism consisting of τ Scorpii, σ Scorpii and Antares.[22] Consequently, the Chinese name for τ Scorpii itself is 心宿三 (Xīn Xiù sān), "the Third Star of Heart".[23]
References
^ abcdefvan Leeuwen, F. (November 2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 474 (2): 653–664, arXiv:0708.1752, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357, S2CID 18759600
^ abcdGutierrez-Moreno, Adelina; Moreno, Hugo (June 1968), "A Photometric Investigation of the Scorpio-Centaurus Association", Astrophysical Journal Supplement, 15: 459, Bibcode:1968ApJS...15..459G, doi:10.1086/190168
^ abcHowk, J. Christopher; et al. (May 2000), "Stagnation and Infall of Dense Clumps in the Stellar Wind of τ Scorpii", The Astrophysical Journal, 534 (1): 348–358, arXiv:astro-ph/9912360, Bibcode:2000ApJ...534..348H, doi:10.1086/308730, S2CID 14115701
^Wielen, R.; et al. (1999), "Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6). Part I. Basic fundamental stars with direct solutions", Veroeffentlichungen des Astronomischen Rechen-Instituts Heidelberg, 35 (35): 1, Bibcode:1999VeARI..35....1W
^ abde Geus, E. J.; de Zeeuw, P. T.; Lub, J. (June 1989), "Physical parameters of stars in the Scorpio-Centaurus OB association", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 216 (1–2): 44–61, Bibcode:1989A&A...216...44D
^ abcTetzlaff, N.; Neuhäuser, R.; Hohle, M. M. (January 2011), "A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 410 (1): 190–200, arXiv:1007.4883, Bibcode:2011MNRAS.410..190T, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17434.x, S2CID 118629873
^ abcdefghMark J. Pecaut; et al. (February 2012). "A Revised Age for Upper Scorpius and the Star Formation History among the F-type Members of the Scorpius–Centaurus OB Association". Astrophysical Journal. 746 (2): 154. arXiv:1112.1695. Bibcode:2012ApJ...746..154P. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/746/2/154. S2CID 118461108.
^ abKilian, J. (February 1994), "Chemical abundances in early B-type stars. 5: Metal abundances and LTE/NLTE comparison", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 282 (3): 867–873, Bibcode:1994A&A...282..867K
^ abZorec, J.; et al. (July 2009), "Fundamental parameters of B supergiants from the BCD system. I. Calibration of the (λ_1, D) parameters into Teff", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 501 (1): 297–320, arXiv:0903.5134, Bibcode:2009A&A...501..297Z, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811147, S2CID 14969137
^ abStrassmeier, Klaus G. (September 2009), "Starspots", The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, 17 (3): 251–308, Bibcode:2009A&ARv..17..251S, doi:10.1007/s00159-009-0020-6
^6165, database entry, The Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Preliminary Version), D. Hoffleit and W. H. Warren, Jr., CDS ID [1]. Accessed on line February 8, 2013.
^"tau Sco -- Star", SIMBAD, Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg, retrieved 2010-08-01
^"The Colour of Stars", Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, December 21, 2004, retrieved 2012-01-16
^ abcMewe, R.; et al. (2003), "High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of τ Scorpii (B0.2V) with XMM-Newton", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 398 (1): 203–11, Bibcode:2003A&A...398..203M, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021577
^Donati, J.-F.; et al. (2006), "The surprising magnetic topology of τ Sco: fossil remnant or dynamo output?", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 370 (2): 629–644, arXiv:astro-ph/0606156, Bibcode:2006MNRAS.370..629D, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10558.x, S2CID 7054292
^Hamacher, Duane W.; et al. (2010). "An Aboriginal Australian Record of the Great Eruption of Eta Carinae". Journal of Astronomical History & Heritage. 13 (3): 220–34. arXiv:1010.4610. Bibcode:2010JAHH...13..220H.
^(in Chinese)中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN978-986-7332-25-7.
^(in Chinese) 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 2008-10-25 at the Wayback Machine, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
January 24, 2023
scorpii, latinized, from, scorpii, formally, known, paikauhale, ɑː, star, southern, zodiac, constellation, scorpius, apparent, visual, magnitude, while, parallax, measurements, yield, distance, estimate, roughly, light, years, parsecs, from, earth, location, s. Tau Scorpii Latinized from t Scorpii formally known as Paikauhale ˌ p aɪ k aʊ ˈ h ɑː l eɪ is a star in the southern zodiac constellation of Scorpius The apparent visual magnitude of Tau Scorpii is 2 8 2 while parallax measurements yield a distance estimate of roughly 470 light years 150 parsecs from Earth 1 Tau ScorpiiLocation of t Scorpii circled Observation dataEpoch J2000 Equinox J2000Constellation ScorpiusRight ascension 16h 35m 52 95285s 1 Declination 28 12 57 6615 1 Apparent magnitude V 2 82 2 CharacteristicsSpectral type B0 2 V 3 U B color index 1 039 2 B V color index 0 252 2 AstrometryRadial velocity Rv 2 0 4 km sProper motion m RA 9 89 1 mas yr Dec 22 83 1 mas yrParallax p 6 88 0 53 mas 1 Distance470 40 ly 150 10 pc Absolute magnitude MV 4 2 5 DetailsMass15 0 0 1 6 14 5 14 7 7 M Radius6 5 3 R Luminosity20 400 7 L Surface gravity log g 4 24 8 cgsTemperature31 440 9 29 850 7 KMetallicity Fe H 0 14 8 dexRotation41 days 10 Rotational velocity v sin i 24 11 km sAge5 7 1 0 6 5 7 MyrOther designationsPaikauhale star A Alniyat Al Niyat t Sco 23 Sco FK5 620 GC 22303 HD 149438 HIP 81266 HR 6165 SAO 184481 12 Database referencesSIMBADdata Contents 1 Description 2 Nomenclature 3 Cultural signification 4 ReferencesDescription Edit Surface magnetic field of Tau Scorpii as reconstructed by means of Zeeman Doppler imaging Compared to the Sun Tau Scorpii is a massive OB star with 15 6 times the Sun s mass and more than six times the radius of the Sun 3 It is radiating about 20 400 7 times the Sun s luminosity from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of 31 440 K 9 This gives it the blue white hue characteristic of B type stars 13 As yet there is no evidence of a companion in orbit around t Sco 14 It is a magnetic star whose surface magnetic field was mapped by means of Zeeman Doppler imaging 15 Tau Scorpii is rotating relatively slowly with a period of 41 days 10 The spectrum of this star shows triply ionized oxygen O IV that is being generated by X rays and the Auger ionization effect Observations with the ROSAT space telescope showed it has a higher energy harder X ray spectrum than is usual for B0 V stars Over the energy range 0 8 1 2 keV its X ray luminosity is Lx 1 8 1031 erg s 1 with a large Lx to Lbol of log Lx Lbol 6 53 from ASCA measurements ROSAT measurements showed a log Lx Lbol 5 93 for the range 0 1 2 4 keV 14 The hard component of the X ray spectrum from t Sco as studied with XMM Newton supports the presence of in falling clumps of plasma in t Sco 14 This star is a proper motion member of the Upper Scorpius subgroup of the Scorpius Centaurus OB association the nearest such co moving association of massive stars to the Sun 5 7 The Upper Scorpius subgroup contains thousands of young stars with mean age 11 million years at average distance of 470 light years 145 parsecs 7 A more recent analysis 7 of the HR diagram position for Tau Scorpii estimates its effective temperature to be 29 850 K with a luminosity of 20 400 L consistent with an isochronal age of 5 million years and an estimated mass of 14 5 14 7 solar masses Nomenclature Editt Scorpii Latinised to Tau Scorpii is the star s Bayer designation Tau Scorpii and Sigma Scorpii together bore the traditional name Al Niyat or Alniyat derived from the Arabic النياط al niyaţ the arteries and referring to their position flanking the star Antares the scorpion s heart with Tau Scorpii being the star to the south 16 Paikauhale is the Hawaiian name for Tau Scorpii 17 18 In the Hawaiian dictionary by Pukuʻi amp Elbert 1986 the word paikauhale ˈpeiˈkeuˈhale is defined as to go gadding about from house to house In another Hawaiian dictionary H W Kent 1993 Treasury of Hawaiian Words in One Hundred and One Categories p 367 paikauhale is defined as Vagabond owning no home house to house wanderer In 2016 the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names WGSN 19 to catalog and standardize proper names for stars The WGSN approved the name Paikauhale for the star A on 10 August 2018 and it is now so included in the List of IAU approved Star Names 20 The name Alniyat was given to Sigma Scorpii Cultural signification EditThe indigenous Boorong people of northwestern Victoria saw this star together with s Sco as wives of Djuit Antares 21 In Chinese 心宿 Xin Xiu meaning Heart refers to an asterism consisting of t Scorpii s Scorpii and Antares 22 Consequently the Chinese name for t Scorpii itself is 心宿三 Xin Xiu san the Third Star of Heart 23 References Edit a b c d e f van Leeuwen F November 2007 Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction Astronomy and Astrophysics 474 2 653 664 arXiv 0708 1752 Bibcode 2007A amp A 474 653V doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20078357 S2CID 18759600 a b c d Gutierrez Moreno Adelina Moreno Hugo June 1968 A Photometric Investigation of the Scorpio Centaurus Association Astrophysical Journal Supplement 15 459 Bibcode 1968ApJS 15 459G doi 10 1086 190168 a b c Howk J Christopher et al May 2000 Stagnation and Infall of Dense Clumps in the Stellar Wind of t Scorpii The Astrophysical Journal 534 1 348 358 arXiv astro ph 9912360 Bibcode 2000ApJ 534 348H doi 10 1086 308730 S2CID 14115701 Wielen R et al 1999 Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars FK6 Part I Basic fundamental stars with direct solutions Veroeffentlichungen des Astronomischen Rechen Instituts Heidelberg 35 35 1 Bibcode 1999VeARI 35 1W a b de Geus E J de Zeeuw P T Lub J June 1989 Physical parameters of stars in the Scorpio Centaurus OB association Astronomy and Astrophysics 216 1 2 44 61 Bibcode 1989A amp A 216 44D a b c Tetzlaff N Neuhauser R Hohle M M January 2011 A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 410 1 190 200 arXiv 1007 4883 Bibcode 2011MNRAS 410 190T doi 10 1111 j 1365 2966 2010 17434 x S2CID 118629873 a b c d e f g h Mark J Pecaut et al February 2012 A Revised Age for Upper Scorpius and the Star Formation History among the F type Members of the Scorpius Centaurus OB Association Astrophysical Journal 746 2 154 arXiv 1112 1695 Bibcode 2012ApJ 746 154P doi 10 1088 0004 637X 746 2 154 S2CID 118461108 a b Kilian J February 1994 Chemical abundances in early B type stars 5 Metal abundances and LTE NLTE comparison Astronomy and Astrophysics 282 3 867 873 Bibcode 1994A amp A 282 867K a b Zorec J et al July 2009 Fundamental parameters of B supergiants from the BCD system I Calibration of the l 1 D parameters into Teff Astronomy and Astrophysics 501 1 297 320 arXiv 0903 5134 Bibcode 2009A amp A 501 297Z doi 10 1051 0004 6361 200811147 S2CID 14969137 a b Strassmeier Klaus G September 2009 Starspots The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review 17 3 251 308 Bibcode 2009A amp ARv 17 251S doi 10 1007 s00159 009 0020 6 6165 database entry The Bright Star Catalogue 5th Revised Ed Preliminary Version D Hoffleit and W H Warren Jr CDS ID 1 Accessed on line February 8 2013 tau Sco Star SIMBAD Centre de Donnees astronomiques de Strasbourg retrieved 2010 08 01 The Colour of Stars Australia Telescope Outreach and Education Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation December 21 2004 retrieved 2012 01 16 a b c Mewe R et al 2003 High resolution X ray spectroscopy of t Scorpii B0 2V with XMM Newton Astronomy amp Astrophysics 398 1 203 11 Bibcode 2003A amp A 398 203M doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20021577 Donati J F et al 2006 The surprising magnetic topology of t Sco fossil remnant or dynamo output Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 370 2 629 644 arXiv astro ph 0606156 Bibcode 2006MNRAS 370 629D doi 10 1111 j 1365 2966 2006 10558 x S2CID 7054292 Allen Richard Hinckley 1963 1899 Star Names Their Lore and Meaning Reprint ed New York NY Dover Publications Inc p 371 ISBN 0 486 21079 0 Kawena Johnson amp Ruggles 2015 Na Inoa Hoku Hawaiian and Pacific Star Names p 201 Puku i amp Elbert 1986 Hawaiian Dictionary Hawaiian English English Hawaiian p 31 IAU Working Group on Star Names WGSN Retrieved 17 September 2018 IAU Catalog of Star Names International Astronomical Union Retrieved 2018 09 17 Hamacher Duane W et al 2010 An Aboriginal Australian Record of the Great Eruption of Eta Carinae Journal of Astronomical History amp Heritage 13 3 220 34 arXiv 1010 4610 Bibcode 2010JAHH 13 220H in Chinese 中國星座神話 written by 陳久金 Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司 2005 ISBN 978 986 7332 25 7 in Chinese 香港太空館 研究資源 亮星中英對照表 Archived 2008 10 25 at the Wayback Machine Hong Kong Space Museum Accessed on line November 23 2010 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tau Scorpii amp oldid 1122565940, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
