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Sigma Canis Majoris

August 22, 2023

Sigma Canis Majoris (σ Canis Majoris, abbreviated Sigma CMa, σ CMa), also named Unurgunite /ˌʌnərˈɡʌnaɪt/,[13] is a variable star in the southern constellation of Canis Major. It is approximately 1,120 light-years (340 parsecs) from the Sun and has an average apparent visual magnitude of +3.41.

σ Canis Majoris
Location of σ Canis Majoris (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Canis Major
Right ascension 07h 01m 43.14779s[1]
Declination −27° 56′ 05.3898″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 3.43 - 3.51[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type K4 III[3]
U−B color index +1.88[4]
B−V color index +1.73[4]
Variable type LC[2]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)+22.11[5] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −3.047[6] mas/yr
Dec.: +4.08[6] mas/yr
Parallax (π)2.5085 ± 0.1590 mas[7]
Distance1,300 ± 80 ly
(400 ± 30 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)−5.14[8]
Details
Mass12.3 ± 0.1[9] M☉
Radius399[10] R☉
Luminosity24,900 - 27,300[10] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)1.00[11] cgs
Temperature3,710±170[10] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]+0.16[11] dex
Age16.4 ± 0.5[9] Myr
Other designations
Unurgunite, 22 Canis Majoris, ADS 5719, CD−27°3544, FK5 1183, HD 52877, HIP 33856, HR 2646, SAO 172797.[12]
Database references
SIMBADdata

Nomenclature

σ Canis Majoris (Latinised to Sigma Canis Majoris) is the system's Bayer designation. The star is identified with the nganurganity [ˈŋanuɾˌɡ̊aniɟ̊] "Jacky lizard"[14] in the culture of the Boorong, a clan of the indigenous Maligundidj people of northwestern Victoria in Australia, who saw it as an ancestral figure who fights the moon, flanked by his wives (the stars Delta and Epsilon Canis Majoris).[12][15] The name was transcribed by settler William Stanbridge as "Unurgunite" in the 1850s. (Initial ng-, which does not occur in English, was typically ignored in transcription of that era.) In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[16] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Unurgunite for this star on 5 September 2017 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.[13]

Properties

Sigma Canis Majoris is a giant star with a stellar classification of K4 III. This is a type of star that is in the late stages of its evolution, having consumed the hydrogen at its core and ballooned out to 399 times the Sun's radius. At 1.86 Astronomical units,[17] this radius is nearly double the average distance of the Earth from the Sun.[10] It is currently radiating more than 20,000[18] times the luminosity of the Sun from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of around 3,710 K.[10] This gives it the cool orange-red hue of an M-type star.[19]

Variability

 
A light curve for Sigma Canis Majoris, plotted from Hipparcos data

Sigma Canis Majoris was noted as a likely variable star in a list of bright southern stars studied at the Cape Observatory.[20] The variability was confirmed in 1963,[21] and it was formally catalogued as a variable star.[22]

It is classified as an irregular variable star and its brightness varies from magnitude +3.43 to +3.51. The magnetic field of this star has a strength below 1 G.[23] It is suspected of being a member of the Collinder 121 stellar association of co-moving stars,[8] but this is disputed.[24]

Pre-supernova

Sigma Canis Majoris is listed as a possible type II supernova. Instruments are capable of measuring the pre-supernova neutrino flux which would act as an alert that the supernova explosion was starting.[25]

References

  1. ^ a b van Leeuwen, Floor (November 2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 474 (2): 653–664, arXiv:0708.1752v1, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357, S2CID 18759600 Note: see VizieR catalogue I/311.
  2. ^ a b Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1: 02025. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
  3. ^ Abt, Helmut A (2008). "Visual Multiples. IX. MK Spectral Types". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 176 (1): 216–217. Bibcode:2008ApJS..176..216A. doi:10.1086/525529.
  4. ^ a b Ducati, J. R. (2002). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2237: 0. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.
  5. ^ Mermilliod, J. C.; Mayor, M.; Udry, S. (July 2008), "Red giants in open clusters. XIV. Mean radial velocities for 1309 stars and 166 open clusters", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 485 (1): 303–314, Bibcode:2008A&A...485..303M, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.30.7545, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809664
  6. ^ a b Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  7. ^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  8. ^ a b Levesque, Emily M.; et al. (August 2005), "The Effective Temperature Scale of Galactic Red Supergiants: Cool, but Not As Cool As We Thought", The Astrophysical Journal, 628 (2): 973–985, arXiv:astro-ph/0504337, Bibcode:2005ApJ...628..973L, doi:10.1086/430901, S2CID 15109583
  9. ^ a b Tetzlaff, N.; Neuhäuser, R.; Hohle, M. M. (January 2011), "A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 410 (1): 190–200, arXiv:1007.4883, Bibcode:2011MNRAS.410..190T, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17434.x, S2CID 118629873
  10. ^ a b c d e Messineo, M.; Brown, A. G. A. (2019). "A Catalog of Known Galactic K-M Stars of Class I Candidate Red Supergiants in Gaia DR2". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (1): 20. arXiv:1905.03744. Bibcode:2019AJ....158...20M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab1cbd. S2CID 148571616.
  11. ^ a b Mallik, Sushma V. (October 1998), "Chromospheric activity in cool stars and the lithium abundance", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 338: 623–636, Bibcode:1998A&A...338..623M
  12. ^ a b Hamacher, Duane W.; Frew, David J. (2010). "An Aboriginal Australian Record of the Great Eruption of Eta Carinae". Journal of Astronomical History & Heritage. 13 (3): 220–34. arXiv:1010.4610. Bibcode:2010JAHH...13..220H. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2010.03.06. S2CID 118454721.
  13. ^ a b "Naming Stars". IAU.org. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  14. ^ Literally "waddy-tailed goanna", from nganurr 'black goanna' + gani 'waddy' + genitive suffix -ity/-itj.
  15. ^ "IAU Approves 86 New Star Names From Around the World" (Press release). IAU.org. 11 December 2017.
  16. ^ "IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)". Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  17. ^ 1 solar radius = 0.0046491 Astronomical Units, so 420 × 0.00465 = 1.86.
  18. ^ Mallik, Sushma V. (December 1999), "Lithium abundance and mass", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 352: 495–507, Bibcode:1999A&A...352..495M
  19. ^ "The Colour of Stars", Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, December 21, 2004, retrieved 2012-01-16
  20. ^ Cousins, A. W. J. (1951). "Bright variable stars in southern hemisphere (first list)". The Observatory. 71: 199. Bibcode:1951Obs....71..199C.
  21. ^ Cousins, A. W. J. (1963). "Red Variable Stars of Small Range Amongst the Bright Stars". Monthly Notes of the Astron. Soc. Southern Africa. 22: 133. Bibcode:1963MNSSA..22..133C.
  22. ^ Kukarkin, B. V.; Kholopov, P. N.; Kukarkina, N. P.; Perova, N. B. (1973). "59th Name-List of Variable Stars". Information Bulletin on Variable Stars. 834: 1. Bibcode:1973IBVS..834....1K.
  23. ^ Grunhut, J. H.; et al. (November 2010), "Systematic detection of magnetic fields in massive, late-type supergiants", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 408 (4): 2290–2297, arXiv:1006.5891, Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408.2290G, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17275.x, S2CID 118564860
  24. ^ de Zeeuw, P. T.; et al. (January 1999), "A HIPPARCOS Census of the Nearby OB Associations", The Astronomical Journal, 117 (1): 354–399, arXiv:astro-ph/9809227, Bibcode:1999AJ....117..354D, doi:10.1086/300682, S2CID 16098861
  25. ^ Asakura, K.; Gando, A.; Gando, Y.; Hachiya, T.; Hayashida, S.; Ikeda, H.; Inoue, K.; Ishidoshiro, K.; Ishikawa, T.; Ishio, S.; Koga, M.; Matsuda, S.; Mitsui, T.; Motoki, D.; Nakamura, K.; Obara, S.; Oura, T.; Shimizu, I.; Shirahata, Y.; Shirai, J.; Suzuki, A.; Tachibana, H.; Tamae, K.; Ueshima, K.; Watanabe, H.; Xu, B. D.; Kozlov, A.; Takemoto, Y.; Yoshida, S.; et al. (2016). "KamLAND Sensitivity to Neutrinos from Pre-supernova Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 818 (1): 91. arXiv:1506.01175. Bibcode:2016ApJ...818...91A. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/818/1/91. S2CID 217747197.

August 22, 2023
sigma, canis, majoris, canis, majoris, abbreviated, sigma, also, named, unurgunite, variable, star, southern, constellation, canis, major, approximately, light, years, parsecs, from, average, apparent, visual, magnitude, canis, majorislocation, canis, majoris,. Sigma Canis Majoris s Canis Majoris abbreviated Sigma CMa s CMa also named Unurgunite ˌ ʌ n er ˈ ɡ ʌ n aɪ t 13 is a variable star in the southern constellation of Canis Major It is approximately 1 120 light years 340 parsecs from the Sun and has an average apparent visual magnitude of 3 41 s Canis MajorisLocation of s Canis Majoris circled Observation dataEpoch J2000 Equinox J2000Constellation Canis MajorRight ascension 07h 01m 43 14779s 1 Declination 27 56 05 3898 1 Apparent magnitude V 3 43 3 51 2 CharacteristicsSpectral type K4 III 3 U B color index 1 88 4 B V color index 1 73 4 Variable type LC 2 AstrometryRadial velocity Rv 22 11 5 km sProper motion m RA 3 047 6 mas yr Dec 4 08 6 mas yrParallax p 2 5085 0 1590 mas 7 Distance1 300 80 ly 400 30 pc Absolute magnitude MV 5 14 8 DetailsMass12 3 0 1 9 M Radius399 10 R Luminosity24 900 27 300 10 L Surface gravity log g 1 00 11 cgsTemperature3 710 170 10 KMetallicity Fe H 0 16 11 dexAge16 4 0 5 9 MyrOther designationsUnurgunite 22 Canis Majoris ADS 5719 CD 27 3544 FK5 1183 HD 52877 HIP 33856 HR 2646 SAO 172797 12 Database referencesSIMBADdata Contents 1 Nomenclature 2 Properties 3 Variability 4 Pre supernova 5 ReferencesNomenclature Edits Canis Majoris Latinised to Sigma Canis Majoris is the system s Bayer designation The star is identified with the nganurganity ˈŋanuɾˌɡ aniɟ Jacky lizard 14 in the culture of the Boorong a clan of the indigenous Maligundidj people of northwestern Victoria in Australia who saw it as an ancestral figure who fights the moon flanked by his wives the stars Delta and Epsilon Canis Majoris 12 15 The name was transcribed by settler William Stanbridge as Unurgunite in the 1850s Initial ng which does not occur in English was typically ignored in transcription of that era In 2016 the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names WGSN 16 to catalog and standardize proper names for stars The WGSN approved the name Unurgunite for this star on 5 September 2017 and it is now so included in the List of IAU approved Star Names 13 Properties EditSigma Canis Majoris is a giant star with a stellar classification of K4 III This is a type of star that is in the late stages of its evolution having consumed the hydrogen at its core and ballooned out to 399 times the Sun s radius At 1 86 Astronomical units 17 this radius is nearly double the average distance of the Earth from the Sun 10 It is currently radiating more than 20 000 18 times the luminosity of the Sun from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of around 3 710 K 10 This gives it the cool orange red hue of an M type star 19 Variability Edit A light curve for Sigma Canis Majoris plotted from Hipparcos dataSigma Canis Majoris was noted as a likely variable star in a list of bright southern stars studied at the Cape Observatory 20 The variability was confirmed in 1963 21 and it was formally catalogued as a variable star 22 It is classified as an irregular variable star and its brightness varies from magnitude 3 43 to 3 51 The magnetic field of this star has a strength below 1 G 23 It is suspected of being a member of the Collinder 121 stellar association of co moving stars 8 but this is disputed 24 Pre supernova EditSigma Canis Majoris is listed as a possible type II supernova Instruments are capable of measuring the pre supernova neutrino flux which would act as an alert that the supernova explosion was starting 25 References Edit a b van Leeuwen Floor November 2007 Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction Astronomy and Astrophysics 474 2 653 664 arXiv 0708 1752v1 Bibcode 2007A amp A 474 653V doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20078357 S2CID 18759600 Note see VizieR catalogue I 311 a b Samus N N Durlevich O V et al 2009 VizieR Online Data Catalog General Catalogue of Variable Stars Samus 2007 2013 VizieR On line Data Catalog B GCVS Originally Published in 2009yCat 102025S 1 02025 Bibcode 2009yCat 102025S Abt Helmut A 2008 Visual Multiples IX MK Spectral Types The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 176 1 216 217 Bibcode 2008ApJS 176 216A doi 10 1086 525529 a b Ducati J R 2002 VizieR Online Data Catalog Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson s 11 color system CDS ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues 2237 0 Bibcode 2002yCat 2237 0D Mermilliod J C Mayor M Udry S July 2008 Red giants in open clusters XIV Mean radial velocities for 1309 stars and 166 open clusters Astronomy and Astrophysics 485 1 303 314 Bibcode 2008A amp A 485 303M CiteSeerX 10 1 1 30 7545 doi 10 1051 0004 6361 200809664 a b Brown A G A et al Gaia collaboration August 2018 Gaia Data Release 2 Summary of the contents and survey properties Astronomy amp Astrophysics 616 A1 arXiv 1804 09365 Bibcode 2018A amp A 616A 1G doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201833051 Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR Brown A G A et al Gaia collaboration 2021 Gaia Early Data Release 3 Summary of the contents and survey properties Astronomy amp Astrophysics 649 A1 arXiv 2012 01533 Bibcode 2021A amp A 649A 1G doi 10 1051 0004 6361 202039657 S2CID 227254300 Erratum doi 10 1051 0004 6361 202039657e Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR a b Levesque Emily M et al August 2005 The Effective Temperature Scale of Galactic Red Supergiants Cool but Not As Cool As We Thought The Astrophysical Journal 628 2 973 985 arXiv astro ph 0504337 Bibcode 2005ApJ 628 973L doi 10 1086 430901 S2CID 15109583 a b Tetzlaff N Neuhauser R Hohle M M January 2011 A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 410 1 190 200 arXiv 1007 4883 Bibcode 2011MNRAS 410 190T doi 10 1111 j 1365 2966 2010 17434 x S2CID 118629873 a b c d e Messineo M Brown A G A 2019 A Catalog of Known Galactic K M Stars of Class I Candidate Red Supergiants in Gaia DR2 The Astronomical Journal 158 1 20 arXiv 1905 03744 Bibcode 2019AJ 158 20M doi 10 3847 1538 3881 ab1cbd S2CID 148571616 a b Mallik Sushma V October 1998 Chromospheric activity in cool stars and the lithium abundance Astronomy and Astrophysics 338 623 636 Bibcode 1998A amp A 338 623M a b Hamacher Duane W Frew David J 2010 An Aboriginal Australian Record of the Great Eruption of Eta Carinae Journal of Astronomical History amp Heritage 13 3 220 34 arXiv 1010 4610 Bibcode 2010JAHH 13 220H doi 10 3724 SP J 1440 2807 2010 03 06 S2CID 118454721 a b Naming Stars IAU org Retrieved 16 December 2017 Literally waddy tailed goanna from nganurr black goanna gani waddy genitive suffix ity itj IAU Approves 86 New Star Names From Around the World Press release IAU org 11 December 2017 IAU Working Group on Star Names WGSN Retrieved 22 May 2016 1 solar radius 0 0046491 Astronomical Units so 420 0 00465 1 86 Mallik Sushma V December 1999 Lithium abundance and mass Astronomy and Astrophysics 352 495 507 Bibcode 1999A amp A 352 495M The Colour of Stars Australia Telescope Outreach and Education Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation December 21 2004 retrieved 2012 01 16 Cousins A W J 1951 Bright variable stars in southern hemisphere first list The Observatory 71 199 Bibcode 1951Obs 71 199C Cousins A W J 1963 Red Variable Stars of Small Range Amongst the Bright Stars Monthly Notes of the Astron Soc Southern Africa 22 133 Bibcode 1963MNSSA 22 133C Kukarkin B V Kholopov P N Kukarkina N P Perova N B 1973 59th Name List of Variable Stars Information Bulletin on Variable Stars 834 1 Bibcode 1973IBVS 834 1K Grunhut J H et al November 2010 Systematic detection of magnetic fields in massive late type supergiants Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 408 4 2290 2297 arXiv 1006 5891 Bibcode 2010MNRAS 408 2290G doi 10 1111 j 1365 2966 2010 17275 x S2CID 118564860 de Zeeuw P T et al January 1999 A HIPPARCOS Census of the Nearby OB Associations The Astronomical Journal 117 1 354 399 arXiv astro ph 9809227 Bibcode 1999AJ 117 354D doi 10 1086 300682 S2CID 16098861 Asakura K Gando A Gando Y Hachiya T Hayashida S Ikeda H Inoue K Ishidoshiro K Ishikawa T Ishio S Koga M Matsuda S Mitsui T Motoki D Nakamura K Obara S Oura T Shimizu I Shirahata Y Shirai J Suzuki A Tachibana H Tamae K Ueshima K Watanabe H Xu B D Kozlov A Takemoto Y Yoshida S et al 2016 KamLAND Sensitivity to Neutrinos from Pre supernova Stars The Astrophysical Journal 818 1 91 arXiv 1506 01175 Bibcode 2016ApJ 818 91A doi 10 3847 0004 637X 818 1 91 S2CID 217747197 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sigma Canis Majoris amp oldid 1141183353, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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