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Gamma Virginis

October 21, 2023

Gamma Virginis (γ Virginis, abbreviated Gamma Vir, γ Vir), officially named Porrima /ˈpɒrɪmə/,[8][9] is a binary star system in the constellation of Virgo. It consists of two almost identical main sequence stars at a distance of about 38 light-years.

γ Virginis
Location of γ Virginis (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Virgo
Right ascension 12h 41m 39.64344s[1]
Declination –01° 26′ 57.7421″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 2.74 (3.650/3.560[2])
Characteristics
Spectral type F0 V/F0 V[2]
U−B color index -0.05
B−V color index 0.36
Variable type unknown
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)-19.5[3] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: –614.76[1] mas/yr
Dec.: 61.34[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)85.58 ± 0.60 mas[1]
Distance38.1 ± 0.3 ly
(11.68 ± 0.08 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)2.41[4]
Orbit[5]
CompanionGamma Virginis B
Period (P)168.93 ± 0.30 yr
Semi-major axis (a)3.662 ± 0.013″
Eccentricity (e)0.8825 ± 0.0010
Inclination (i)148.82 ± 0.43°
Longitude of the node (Ω)213.79 ± 0.72°
Periastron epoch (T)2005.438 ± 0.067
Details
Mass1.56[3] M☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.26[3] cgs
Temperature6,757[6] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]–0.07[2] dex
Age1.14[7] Gyr
Other designations
Porrima, Antevorta, Arich,[citation needed] 29 Virginis, BD-00°2601, GCTP 2924.00, Gl 482 AB, HIP 61941, LHS 2604, SAO 138917, WDS 12417-0127
γ Vir A: HD 110379, HR 4825, LFT 937, LTT 4843
γ Vir B: HD 110380, HR 4826, LFT 937, LTT 4844
Database references
SIMBADγ Vir
γ Vir A
γ Vir B

Name Edit

γ Virginis (Latinised to Gamma Virginis) is the star's Bayer designation.

The traditional name Porrima derives from Ancient Rome: Porrima, also known as Antevorta, was one of the Camenae or goddesses of prophecy.[10] In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[11] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016[12] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Porrima for this star.

In the catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, this star was designated Laouiyet al Aoua, which was translated into Latin as Angulus Latratoris, meaning 'the angle of the barker'.[13] This star, along with Beta Virginis (Zavijava), Eta Virginis (Zaniah), Delta Virginis (Minelauva) and Epsilon Virginis (Vindemiatrix), were Al ʽAwwāʼ, the Barker.[10]

In Chinese, 太微左垣 (Tài Wēi Zuǒ Yuán), meaning Left Wall of Supreme Palace Enclosure, refers to an asterism consisting of Gamma Virginis, Eta Virginis, Delta Virginis, Epsilon Virginis and Alpha Comae Berenices.[14] Consequently, the Chinese name for Gamma Virginis itself is 太微左垣二 (Tài Wēi Zuǒ Yuán èr, English: the Second Star of Left Wall of Supreme Palace Enclosure.),[15] representing 東上相 (Dōngshǎngxiāng), meaning The First Eastern Minister.[16] 東上相 (Dōngshǎngxiāng), westernized into Shang Seang by R. H. Allen and the meaning is "the High Minister of State".[10]

Properties Edit

Gamma Virginis is a binary star, consisting of two stars of nearly equal apparent magnitudes 3.65 and 3.56, and of spectral type F0V.[2] With an orbital period of 168.93 years,[5][17] it was an easy object for amateur astronomers until the beginning of the 1990s, but in 2011 the smaller apparent distance between the stars requires a larger telescope or special techniques such as speckle interferometry,[5][17] adaptive optics[18] or optical interferometry[19] to resolve the individual components. The last time they were at periapsis was in 1836. The distance became wide enough in 2020 to view with a small telescope. The star system has a combined apparent magnitude of 2.9. The system is 39 light-years away from the Sun.

Gamma Virginis is 2.8 degrees north of the ecliptic, so it can be occulted by the Moon and (rarely) by planets. In June 2011 Saturn passed a quarter of a degree south of Porrima.

Based upon X-ray emissions—an indicator of the strength of the stellar magnetic field—this system has an estimated age of 1.14 billion years.[7]

Changes of distance and position angle Edit

This table shows the apparent distance between the two stars and their relative position angle: the first three columns show data predicted from an orbit calculated in 1937, the next two columns show in 2006,[20] the next three columns show observations reported by the Hanwell Community Observatory.[21]

Predicted from 1937 Strand orbit Predicted from 2006 Docobo orbit Observations 2003 to 2005
Year distance position angle distance position angle Date distance position angle
1995 2.5″ 280 2.25″ 277.6
2000 1.8″ 267 1.50″ 260.9
2002 1.5″ 259 1.13″ 247.5
2003 0.92″ 236.6 2003 Dec. 0.6″ 219°
2004 1.2″ 246 0.68″ 218.4 2004 Dec. 0.4″ 177°
2005 0.44″ 179.8 2005 April 0.27–0.29″ 161±0.6°
2006 0.8″ 221 0.41″ 103.5
2008 0.4″ 126 0.93″ 41.0
2010 0.9″ 44 1.39″ 23.6

References Edit

  1. ^ a b c d e van Leeuwen, Floor (November 2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 474 (2): 653–664, arXiv:0708.1752v1, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357, S2CID 18759600 Note: see VizieR catalogue I/311.
  2. ^ a b c d Cayrel de Strobel, G.; Soubiran, C.; Ralite, N. (July 2001), "Catalogue of [Fe/H] determinations for FGK stars: 2001 edition", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 373: 159–163, arXiv:astro-ph/0106438, Bibcode:2001A&A...373..159C, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010525, S2CID 17519049
  3. ^ a b c Casagrande, L.; et al. (June 2011), "New constraints on the chemical evolution of the solar neighbourhood and Galactic disc(s). Improved astrophysical parameters for the Geneva-Copenhagen Survey", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 530: A138, arXiv:1103.4651, Bibcode:2011A&A...530A.138C, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016276, S2CID 56118016.
  4. ^ Holmberg, J.; et al. (July 2009), "The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood. III. Improved distances, ages, and kinematics", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 501 (3): 941–947, arXiv:0811.3982, Bibcode:2009A&A...501..941H, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811191, S2CID 118577511.
  5. ^ a b c Mason, Brian D.; et al. (2006), "Speckle Interferometry at the US Naval Observatory. XII.", The Astronomical Journal, 132 (5): 2219–2230, Bibcode:2006AJ....132.2219M, doi:10.1086/508231
  6. ^ Muñoz Bermejo, J.; et al. (May 2013), "A PCA approach to stellar effective temperatures", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 453: A95, arXiv:1303.7218, Bibcode:2013A&A...553A..95M, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220961, S2CID 67752733.
  7. ^ a b Vican, Laura (June 2012), "Age Determination for 346 Nearby Stars in the Herschel DEBRIS Survey", The Astronomical Journal, 143 (6): 135, arXiv:1203.1966, Bibcode:2012AJ....143..135V, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/143/6/135, S2CID 118539505
  8. ^ Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub. ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7.
  9. ^ "IAU Catalog of Star Names". Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  10. ^ a b c Allen, R. H. (1963). Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning (Reprint ed.). New York: Dover Publications Inc. p. 470. ISBN 0-486-21079-0. Retrieved 2010-12-12.
  11. ^ "IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)". Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  12. ^ "Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1" (PDF). Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  13. ^ Knobel, E. B. (June 1895). "Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, on a catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Mohammad Al Achsasi Al Mouakket". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 55: 429–438. Bibcode:1895MNRAS..55..429K. doi:10.1093/mnras/55.8.429.
  14. ^ (in Chinese) 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.
  15. ^ (in Chinese) 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 January 30, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
  16. ^ (in Chinese) English-Chinese Glossary of Chinese Star Regions, Asterisms and Star Name August 10, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
  17. ^ a b Scardia, M.; Argyle, R. W.; Prieur, J.-L.; Pansecchi, L.; Basso, S.; Law, N. M.; Mackay, C. D. (2007-02-01). "The orbit of the visual binary ADS 8630 (gamma Vir)" (PDF). Astronomische Nachrichten. 328 (2): 146–153. Bibcode:2007AN....328..146S. doi:10.1002/asna.200610710. ISSN 0004-6337.
  18. ^ Riddle, Reed L.; Tokovinin, Andrei; Mason, Brian D.; Hartkopf, William I.; Roberts, Lewis C., Jr.; Baranec, Christoph; Law, Nicholas M.; Bui, Khanh; Burse, Mahesh P. (2015-01-01). "A Survey of the High Order Multiplicity of Nearby Solar-type Binary Stars with Robo-AO". The Astrophysical Journal. 799 (1): 4. arXiv:1411.0682. Bibcode:2015ApJ...799....4R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/799/1/4. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 5642378.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ^ Hutter, D. J.; Zavala, R. T.; Tycner, C.; Benson, J. A.; Hummel, C. A.; Sanborn, J.; Franz, O. G.; Johnston, K. J. (2016-11-01). "Surveying the Bright Stars by Optical Interferometry. I. A Search for Multiplicity among Stars of Spectral Types F-K". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 227 (1): 4. arXiv:1609.05254. Bibcode:2016ApJS..227....4H. doi:10.3847/0067-0049/227/1/4. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 118803592.
  20. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2010-04-22.
  21. ^ Christopher Taylor, Hanwell Community Observatory[permanent dead link]

October 21, 2023
gamma, virginis, virginis, abbreviated, gamma, officially, named, porrima, binary, star, system, constellation, virgo, consists, almost, identical, main, sequence, stars, distance, about, light, years, virginislocation, virginis, circled, observation, dataepoc. Gamma Virginis g Virginis abbreviated Gamma Vir g Vir officially named Porrima ˈ p ɒr ɪ m e 8 9 is a binary star system in the constellation of Virgo It consists of two almost identical main sequence stars at a distance of about 38 light years g VirginisLocation of g Virginis circled Observation dataEpoch J2000 Equinox J2000Constellation VirgoRight ascension 12h 41m 39 64344s 1 Declination 01 26 57 7421 1 Apparent magnitude V 2 74 3 650 3 560 2 CharacteristicsSpectral type F0 V F0 V 2 U B color index 0 05B V color index 0 36Variable type unknownAstrometryRadial velocity Rv 19 5 3 km sProper motion m RA 614 76 1 mas yr Dec 61 34 1 mas yrParallax p 85 58 0 60 mas 1 Distance38 1 0 3 ly 11 68 0 08 pc Absolute magnitude MV 2 41 4 Orbit 5 CompanionGamma Virginis BPeriod P 168 93 0 30 yrSemi major axis a 3 662 0 013 Eccentricity e 0 8825 0 0010Inclination i 148 82 0 43 Longitude of the node W 213 79 0 72 Periastron epoch T 2005 438 0 067DetailsMass1 56 3 M Surface gravity log g 4 26 3 cgsTemperature6 757 6 KMetallicity Fe H 0 07 2 dexAge1 14 7 GyrOther designationsPorrima Antevorta Arich citation needed 29 Virginis BD 00 2601 GCTP 2924 00 Gl 482 AB HIP 61941 LHS 2604 SAO 138917 WDS 12417 0127g Vir A HD 110379 HR 4825 LFT 937 LTT 4843g Vir B HD 110380 HR 4826 LFT 937 LTT 4844Database referencesSIMBADg Virg Vir Ag Vir B Contents 1 Name 2 Properties 3 Changes of distance and position angle 4 ReferencesName Editg Virginis Latinised to Gamma Virginis is the star s Bayer designation The traditional name Porrima derives from Ancient Rome Porrima also known as Antevorta was one of the Camenae or goddesses of prophecy 10 In 2016 the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names WGSN 11 to catalog and standardize proper names for stars The WGSN s first bulletin of July 2016 12 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN which included Porrima for this star In the catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Al Achsasi Al Mouakket this star was designated Laouiyet al Aoua which was translated into Latin as Angulus Latratoris meaning the angle of the barker 13 This star along with Beta Virginis Zavijava Eta Virginis Zaniah Delta Virginis Minelauva and Epsilon Virginis Vindemiatrix were Al ʽAwwaʼ the Barker 10 In Chinese 太微左垣 Tai Wei Zuǒ Yuan meaning Left Wall of Supreme Palace Enclosure refers to an asterism consisting of Gamma Virginis Eta Virginis Delta Virginis Epsilon Virginis and Alpha Comae Berenices 14 Consequently the Chinese name for Gamma Virginis itself is 太微左垣二 Tai Wei Zuǒ Yuan er English the Second Star of Left Wall of Supreme Palace Enclosure 15 representing 東上相 Dōngshǎngxiang meaning The First Eastern Minister 16 東上相 Dōngshǎngxiang westernized into Shang Seang by R H Allen and the meaning is the High Minister of State 10 Properties EditGamma Virginis is a binary star consisting of two stars of nearly equal apparent magnitudes 3 65 and 3 56 and of spectral type F0V 2 With an orbital period of 168 93 years 5 17 it was an easy object for amateur astronomers until the beginning of the 1990s but in 2011 the smaller apparent distance between the stars requires a larger telescope or special techniques such as speckle interferometry 5 17 adaptive optics 18 or optical interferometry 19 to resolve the individual components The last time they were at periapsis was in 1836 The distance became wide enough in 2020 to view with a small telescope The star system has a combined apparent magnitude of 2 9 The system is 39 light years away from the Sun Gamma Virginis is 2 8 degrees north of the ecliptic so it can be occulted by the Moon and rarely by planets In June 2011 Saturn passed a quarter of a degree south of Porrima Based upon X ray emissions an indicator of the strength of the stellar magnetic field this system has an estimated age of 1 14 billion years 7 Changes of distance and position angle EditThis table shows the apparent distance between the two stars and their relative position angle the first three columns show data predicted from an orbit calculated in 1937 the next two columns show in 2006 20 the next three columns show observations reported by the Hanwell Community Observatory 21 Predicted from 1937 Strand orbit Predicted from 2006 Docobo orbit Observations 2003 to 2005Year distance position angle distance position angle Date distance position angle1995 2 5 280 2 25 277 62000 1 8 267 1 50 260 92002 1 5 259 1 13 247 52003 0 92 236 6 2003 Dec 0 6 219 2004 1 2 246 0 68 218 4 2004 Dec 0 4 177 2005 0 44 179 8 2005 April 0 27 0 29 161 0 6 2006 0 8 221 0 41 103 52008 0 4 126 0 93 41 02010 0 9 44 1 39 23 6References Edit a b c d e van Leeuwen Floor November 2007 Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction Astronomy and Astrophysics 474 2 653 664 arXiv 0708 1752v1 Bibcode 2007A amp A 474 653V doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20078357 S2CID 18759600 Note see VizieR catalogue I 311 a b c d Cayrel de Strobel G Soubiran C Ralite N July 2001 Catalogue of Fe H determinations for FGK stars 2001 edition Astronomy and Astrophysics 373 159 163 arXiv astro ph 0106438 Bibcode 2001A amp A 373 159C doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20010525 S2CID 17519049 a b c Casagrande L et al June 2011 New constraints on the chemical evolution of the solar neighbourhood and Galactic disc s Improved astrophysical parameters for the Geneva Copenhagen Survey Astronomy and Astrophysics 530 A138 arXiv 1103 4651 Bibcode 2011A amp A 530A 138C doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201016276 S2CID 56118016 Holmberg J et al July 2009 The Geneva Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood III Improved distances ages and kinematics Astronomy and Astrophysics 501 3 941 947 arXiv 0811 3982 Bibcode 2009A amp A 501 941H doi 10 1051 0004 6361 200811191 S2CID 118577511 a b c Mason Brian D et al 2006 Speckle Interferometry at the US Naval Observatory XII The Astronomical Journal 132 5 2219 2230 Bibcode 2006AJ 132 2219M doi 10 1086 508231 Munoz Bermejo J et al May 2013 A PCA approach to stellar effective temperatures Astronomy and Astrophysics 453 A95 arXiv 1303 7218 Bibcode 2013A amp A 553A 95M doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201220961 S2CID 67752733 a b Vican Laura June 2012 Age Determination for 346 Nearby Stars in the Herschel DEBRIS Survey The Astronomical Journal 143 6 135 arXiv 1203 1966 Bibcode 2012AJ 143 135V doi 10 1088 0004 6256 143 6 135 S2CID 118539505 Kunitzsch Paul Smart Tim 2006 A Dictionary of Modern star Names A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations 2nd rev ed Cambridge Massachusetts Sky Pub ISBN 978 1 931559 44 7 IAU Catalog of Star Names Retrieved 28 July 2016 a b c Allen R H 1963 Star Names Their Lore and Meaning Reprint ed New York Dover Publications Inc p 470 ISBN 0 486 21079 0 Retrieved 2010 12 12 IAU Working Group on Star Names WGSN Retrieved 22 May 2016 Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names No 1 PDF Retrieved 28 July 2016 Knobel E B June 1895 Al Achsasi Al Mouakket on a catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Mohammad Al Achsasi Al Mouakket Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 55 429 438 Bibcode 1895MNRAS 55 429K doi 10 1093 mnras 55 8 429 in Chinese 中國星座神話 written by 陳久金 Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司 2005 ISBN 978 986 7332 25 7 in Chinese 香港太空館 研究資源 亮星中英對照表 Archived January 30 2011 at the Wayback Machine Hong Kong Space Museum Accessed on line November 23 2010 in Chinese English Chinese Glossary of Chinese Star Regions Asterisms and Star Name Archived August 10 2010 at the Wayback Machine Hong Kong Space Museum Accessed on line November 23 2010 a b Scardia M Argyle R W Prieur J L Pansecchi L Basso S Law N M Mackay C D 2007 02 01 The orbit of the visual binary ADS 8630 gamma Vir PDF Astronomische Nachrichten 328 2 146 153 Bibcode 2007AN 328 146S doi 10 1002 asna 200610710 ISSN 0004 6337 Riddle Reed L Tokovinin Andrei Mason Brian D Hartkopf William I Roberts Lewis C Jr Baranec Christoph Law Nicholas M Bui Khanh Burse Mahesh P 2015 01 01 A Survey of the High Order Multiplicity of Nearby Solar type Binary Stars with Robo AO The Astrophysical Journal 799 1 4 arXiv 1411 0682 Bibcode 2015ApJ 799 4R doi 10 1088 0004 637X 799 1 4 ISSN 0004 637X S2CID 5642378 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Hutter D J Zavala R T Tycner C Benson J A Hummel C A Sanborn J Franz O G Johnston K J 2016 11 01 Surveying the Bright Stars by Optical Interferometry I A Search for Multiplicity among Stars of Spectral Types F K The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 227 1 4 arXiv 1609 05254 Bibcode 2016ApJS 227 4H doi 10 3847 0067 0049 227 1 4 ISSN 0067 0049 S2CID 118803592 INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION COMMISSION 26 DOUBLE STARS Archived from the original on 2011 06 15 Retrieved 2010 04 22 Christopher Taylor Hanwell Community Observatory permanent dead link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gamma Virginis amp oldid 1161977086, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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