Šluknov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈʃluknof]; German: Schluckenau) is a town in Děčín District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 5,700 inhabitants. It lies on the border with Germany and it is the northernmost town of the country. The town centre with the castle and area of Křížový vrch are well preserved and are protected by law as an urban monument zone.
The town part of Císařský and villages of Harrachov, Královka, Království, Kunratice, Nové Hraběcí and Rožany are administrative parts of Šluknov.
Geography
Šluknov is located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Děčín. It lies in the salient region of Šluknov Hook on the border with Germany and is the northernmost town of the Czech Republic.
Šluknov is situated in the Lusatian Highlands. The highest point of the municipal territory is located on the slopes of the Hrazený mountain, at about 550 metres (1,800 ft). The territory is rich on small watercourses. The longest of them is Rožanský Stream. Other notable streams are Lesní, which supplies a set of ponds, and Stříbrný, which flows through the built-up area.
History
Early history
The first written mention of Šluknov is from 1281. The first owners was the noble family of Berka of Dubá. Under their administration, Šluknov became the administrative and economic centre of the Czech part of their estate. The family's coat of arms is to this day the inescutcheon in the town's coat of arms. In 1359, Šluknov was promoted to a town.[2]
During the reign of King George of Poděbrady, the property of Berka of Dubá was confiscated and Šluknov was acquired by Wartenberg family. Next owners of the estate were families of Schleinitz, Mansfeld, Dietrichstein, and Harrach. Before the town became independent, last owner of the estate was count Erwin Leopold Nostitz-Rieneck.[2]
Šluknov was struck by many fires, the largest of them were in 1634, 1710 and 1838, when almost the whole town burned down.[3]
Until 1918, Schlukenau (Schluckenau since the end of the 19th century) was part of the Austrian monarchy (Austria side after the compromise of 1867), head of the district of the same name, one of the 94 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Bohemia.[5]
Following the invasion by the Wehrmacht some Czechs were driven out of Schluckenau into the interior of Bohemia. From 1938 until 1945 Schluckenau was the seat for the district administrator of the County of Schluckenau in the Nazist German Sudetenland, the district of Aussig (Czech: Ústí nad Labem).
Modern history
After the war, in 1945, the town returned to Czechoslovakia and the German inhabitants were expelled under the terms of Beneš decrees. The town was renamed Šluknov. Only a few Czechs were willing to settle in the remote northern Bohemian town following its vacancy.
The town suffers from its location on the periphery of the Czech Republic. There is persistently high unemployment rate, low supply of services and poor quality of healthcare. Most industrial production has ended and revenues from tourism are insufficient.[9]
Transport
In Rožany there is the road border crossing Šluknov-Rožany / Sohland an der Spree.
Šluknov lies on a local railway line from Děčín to Rumburk via Germany. The town is served by two train stations, and in the territory of Šluknov there is also a train station serving the adjacent village of Valdek.
Sights
Šluknov Castle
The Renaissance Šluknov Castle is the main landmark of the town. It was built in the 16th century by Schleinitz family and it replaced an old keep from 1487. In the 17th century, baroque modifications were made.[10] In 1986, Šluknov Castle was burned down. After twenty years of decay it was repaired. In addition to exhibition and event rooms located in the building, there is a tourist information office. The castle park is often used for public events.[11]
Míru Square is the historic centre of the town. Its landmarks are the baroque Column of the Holy Trinity from 1751–1752 and an Empire style fountain from 1794.[12]
The early-baroque Church of Saint Wenceslaus is the third church on its place. The previous were burn down by fires in 1634 and 1710 and the current church was built in 1711–1722.[13]
The hill Křížový vrch is a valuable complex of sacral buildings, including Stations of the Cross, several chapels and statues. The complex was consecrated in 1756.[14]
Notable people
Rudolf Kauschka (1883–1960), German-Bohemian sportsman and mountaineer
^ ab"Důvod a způsob založení" (in Czech). Město Šluknov. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
^"Požáry a morové rány" (in Czech). Město Šluknov. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
^"Války a válečné události" (in Czech). Město Šluknov. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
^Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm Klein, 1967
^"Březen 1939. Nacisty na Děčínsku přibrzdil vrch Šébr" (in Czech). Deník.cz. 2019-03-15. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
^"Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011 – Okres Děčín" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21. pp. 13–14.
^"Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
^"Obrazy zdravotnictví na Šluknovsku: dostanete-li mrtvičku, můžete se leda modlit" (in Czech). Deník Referendum. 2021-02-10. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
^"Zámek Šluknov" (in Czech). Hrady.cz. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
^"Šluknovský zámek" (in Czech). Město Šluknov. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
^"Památky a zajímavosti" (in Czech). Město Šluknov. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
^"Kostel sv. Václava" (in Czech). Město Šluknov. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
^"Křížová cesta" (in Czech). Město Šluknov. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Šluknov.
Official website(in Czech)
January 20, 2023
Šluknov, czech, pronunciation, ˈʃluknof, german, schluckenau, town, děčín, district, Ústí, labem, region, czech, republic, about, inhabitants, lies, border, with, germany, northernmost, town, country, town, centre, with, castle, area, křížový, vrch, well, pres. Sluknov Czech pronunciation ˈʃluknof German Schluckenau is a town in Decin District in the Usti nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic It has about 5 700 inhabitants It lies on the border with Germany and it is the northernmost town of the country The town centre with the castle and area of Krizovy vrch are well preserved and are protected by law as an urban monument zone SluknovTownMiru Square with the Column of the Holy TrinityFlagCoat of armsSluknovLocation in the Czech RepublicCoordinates 51 0 14 N 14 27 10 E 51 00389 N 14 45278 E 51 00389 14 45278 Coordinates 51 0 14 N 14 27 10 E 51 00389 N 14 45278 E 51 00389 14 45278Country Czech RepublicRegionUsti nad LabemDistrictDecinFirst mentioned1281Government MayorTomas KolonecnyArea Total47 47 km2 18 33 sq mi Elevation340 m 1 120 ft Population 2022 01 01 1 Total5 721 Density120 km2 310 sq mi Time zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Postal code407 77Websitewww wbr mestosluknov wbr cz Contents 1 Administrative parts 2 Geography 3 History 3 1 Early history 3 2 Nazi era 3 3 Modern history 4 Demographics 5 Economy 6 Transport 7 Sights 8 Notable people 9 References 10 External linksAdministrative parts Edit Rozany a part of Sluknov The town part of Cisarsky and villages of Harrachov Kralovka Kralovstvi Kunratice Nove Hrabeci and Rozany are administrative parts of Sluknov Geography EditSluknov is located about 30 kilometres 19 mi northeast of Decin It lies in the salient region of Sluknov Hook on the border with Germany and is the northernmost town of the Czech Republic Sluknov is situated in the Lusatian Highlands The highest point of the municipal territory is located on the slopes of the Hrazeny mountain at about 550 metres 1 800 ft The territory is rich on small watercourses The longest of them is Rozansky Stream Other notable streams are Lesni which supplies a set of ponds and Stribrny which flows through the built up area History EditEarly history Edit The first written mention of Sluknov is from 1281 The first owners was the noble family of Berka of Duba Under their administration Sluknov became the administrative and economic centre of the Czech part of their estate The family s coat of arms is to this day the inescutcheon in the town s coat of arms In 1359 Sluknov was promoted to a town 2 During the reign of King George of Podebrady the property of Berka of Duba was confiscated and Sluknov was acquired by Wartenberg family Next owners of the estate were families of Schleinitz Mansfeld Dietrichstein and Harrach Before the town became independent last owner of the estate was count Erwin Leopold Nostitz Rieneck 2 Sluknov was struck by many fires the largest of them were in 1634 1710 and 1838 when almost the whole town burned down 3 During the Thirty Years War the town was repeatedly severely damaged by Swedish army In 1813 the town was plundered by a 100 000 man army during the Napoleonic Wars 4 Until 1918 Schlukenau Schluckenau since the end of the 19th century was part of the Austrian monarchy Austria side after the compromise of 1867 head of the district of the same name one of the 94 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Bohemia 5 Nazi era Edit In 1930 Schluckenau was home to 5 578 inhabitants who were largely ethnic German Prior to the World War II Schluckenau was a centre in Czechoslovakia for the pro Nazist Sudeten German Party SdP led by Konrad Henlein This was one reason why in March 1939 Adolf Hitler chose the town as the first stop of the Wehrmacht during the German annexation of Sudetenland The Wehrmacht continued on to occupy Prague and establish the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia 6 Following the invasion by the Wehrmacht some Czechs were driven out of Schluckenau into the interior of Bohemia From 1938 until 1945 Schluckenau was the seat for the district administrator of the County of Schluckenau in the Nazist German Sudetenland the district of Aussig Czech Usti nad Labem Modern history Edit After the war in 1945 the town returned to Czechoslovakia and the German inhabitants were expelled under the terms of Benes decrees The town was renamed Sluknov Only a few Czechs were willing to settle in the remote northern Bohemian town following its vacancy Demographics EditThe town has a significant Romani population Historical populationYearPop 186911 995 188012 390 3 3 189012 527 1 1 190012 983 3 6 191013 685 5 4 YearPop 192112 414 9 3 193013 479 8 6 19506 428 52 3 19616 128 4 7 19705 820 5 0 YearPop 19806 204 6 6 19915 568 10 3 20015 658 1 6 20115 404 4 5 20215 490 1 6 Source Censuses 7 8 Economy EditThe town suffers from its location on the periphery of the Czech Republic There is persistently high unemployment rate low supply of services and poor quality of healthcare Most industrial production has ended and revenues from tourism are insufficient 9 Transport EditIn Rozany there is the road border crossing Sluknov Rozany Sohland an der Spree Sluknov lies on a local railway line from Decin to Rumburk via Germany The town is served by two train stations and in the territory of Sluknov there is also a train station serving the adjacent village of Valdek Sights Edit Sluknov Castle The Renaissance Sluknov Castle is the main landmark of the town It was built in the 16th century by Schleinitz family and it replaced an old keep from 1487 In the 17th century baroque modifications were made 10 In 1986 Sluknov Castle was burned down After twenty years of decay it was repaired In addition to exhibition and event rooms located in the building there is a tourist information office The castle park is often used for public events 11 Miru Square is the historic centre of the town Its landmarks are the baroque Column of the Holy Trinity from 1751 1752 and an Empire style fountain from 1794 12 The early baroque Church of Saint Wenceslaus is the third church on its place The previous were burn down by fires in 1634 and 1710 and the current church was built in 1711 1722 13 The hill Krizovy vrch is a valuable complex of sacral buildings including Stations of the Cross several chapels and statues The complex was consecrated in 1756 14 Notable people EditRudolf Kauschka 1883 1960 German Bohemian sportsman and mountaineerReferences Edit Population of Municipalities 1 January 2022 Czech Statistical Office 2022 04 29 a b Duvod a zpusob zalozeni in Czech Mesto Sluknov Retrieved 2021 07 15 Pozary a morove rany in Czech Mesto Sluknov Retrieved 2021 07 15 Valky a valecne udalosti in Czech Mesto Sluknov Retrieved 2021 07 15 Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den osterreichischen Postwertzeichen Ausgaben 1867 1883 und 1890 Wilhelm Klein 1967 Brezen 1939 Nacisty na Decinsku pribrzdil vrch Sebr in Czech Denik cz 2019 03 15 Retrieved 2021 07 15 Historicky lexikon obci Ceske republiky 1869 2011 Okres Decin in Czech Czech Statistical Office 2015 12 21 pp 13 14 Population Census 2021 Population by sex Public Database Czech Statistical Office 2021 03 27 Obrazy zdravotnictvi na Sluknovsku dostanete li mrtvicku muzete se leda modlit in Czech Denik Referendum 2021 02 10 Retrieved 2021 07 15 Zamek Sluknov in Czech Hrady cz Retrieved 2021 07 15 Sluknovsky zamek in Czech Mesto Sluknov Retrieved 2021 07 15 Pamatky a zajimavosti in Czech Mesto Sluknov Retrieved 2021 07 15 Kostel sv Vaclava in Czech Mesto Sluknov Retrieved 2021 07 15 Krizova cesta in Czech Mesto Sluknov Retrieved 2021 07 15 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sluknov Official website in Czech Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sluknov amp oldid 1125858733, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
