Obec (Czech pronunciation: [ˈobɛts], plural: obce) is the Czech and Slovak word for a municipality (in the Czech Republic, in Slovakia and abroad). The literal meaning of the word is "commune" or "community". It is the smallest administrative unit that is governed by elected representatives. Cities and towns are also municipalities.
The legal definition (according to the Czech code of law[1] with similar definition in the Slovak code of law[2]) is: "The municipality is a basic territorial self-governing community of citizens; it forms a territorial unit, which is defined by the boundary of the municipality."
Every municipality is composed of one or more cadastral areas. Every municipality is also composed of one or more administrative parts, usually called town parts or villages. A municipality can have its own flag and coat of arms.[1][2]
Almost the entire area of the Czech Republic is divided into municipalities, with the only exception being military training areas. The smaller municipalities consist only of one village. A municipality usually has the same name as its most populated settlement, which usually contains the municipal office. However there are several exceptions, for example municipalities created by mergers of formerly separate municipalities (such as Brandýs nad Labem-Stará Boleslav or Orlické Podhůří).
A municipality can obtain the title of a city (statutární město), town (město) or market town (městys). While all of these are municipalities from the point of view of the law, they are usually referred to by their titles and not as municipalities. Municipalities without any other status are just called municipalities. Statutory cities can have self-governing subdivisions, so-called city parts or city districts (městská část), which are somewhat similar to municipalities in that they have their own town halls and local government.[1] Town and market town are above all ceremonial labels bestowed on municipalities with notable population, history and regional significance.[citation needed]
A special type of municipality is the capital Prague, which has simultaneously the status of a municipality and a region, and which is treated by special law.[3]
The law makes it possible for municipalities which were stripped of town status during the Communist period to retain that status automatically. For any other municipality to gain town status, it must have population over 3,000 and must pass an assessment by the chairman of the parliament. For market town status, population is not a condition.[1] The newest Czech town is Miličín, which obtained the status in 2022.[4]
The smallest municipalities by area are Závist (0.42 km2) and Strukov (0.53 km2).[7] The biggest are the cities of Prague (496.21 km2), Brno (230.18 km2) and Ostrava (214.23 km2), and the town of Ralsko (170.23 km2, including a former military area, with only about 2,000 inhabitants).[8]
After meeting certain conditions such as population over 5,000, being well accessible, having cultural or economical significance and having an urban style of settlement, a municipality can be declared a town (mesto).[2]
References
^ abcd"Zákon č. 128/2000 Sb. o obcích (obecní zřízení)". zakonyprolidi.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 17 September 2020.
^ abc"Úplné znenie č. 612/2002 Z. z." zakonypreludi.sk (in Slovak). Retrieved 17 September 2020.
^"Zákon č. 131/2000 Sb. o hlavním městě Praze". zakonyprolidi.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 17 September 2020.
^"Miličín je opět městem, chystá opravený znak a v červnu městské slavnosti" (in Czech). Deník.cz. 26 May 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
^"Zákon č. 314/2002 Sb. o stanovení obcí s pověřeným obecním úřadem". zakonyprolidi.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 17 September 2020.
obec, czech, pronunciation, ˈobɛts, plural, obce, czech, slovak, word, municipality, czech, republic, slovakia, abroad, literal, meaning, word, commune, community, smallest, administrative, unit, that, governed, elected, representatives, cities, towns, also, m. Obec Czech pronunciation ˈobɛts plural obce is the Czech and Slovak word for a municipality in the Czech Republic in Slovakia and abroad The literal meaning of the word is commune or community It is the smallest administrative unit that is governed by elected representatives Cities and towns are also municipalities Signs showing the border of two municipalities Contents 1 Definition 2 Czech Republic 2 1 Statistics 2 2 List of municipalities 3 Slovakia 4 References 5 See alsoDefinition EditThe legal definition according to the Czech code of law 1 with similar definition in the Slovak code of law 2 is The municipality is a basic territorial self governing community of citizens it forms a territorial unit which is defined by the boundary of the municipality Every municipality is composed of one or more cadastral areas Every municipality is also composed of one or more administrative parts usually called town parts or villages A municipality can have its own flag and coat of arms 1 2 Czech Republic EditSee also List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic Almost the entire area of the Czech Republic is divided into municipalities with the only exception being military training areas The smaller municipalities consist only of one village A municipality usually has the same name as its most populated settlement which usually contains the municipal office However there are several exceptions for example municipalities created by mergers of formerly separate municipalities such as Brandys nad Labem Stara Boleslav or Orlicke Podhuri A municipality can obtain the title of a city statutarni mesto town mesto or market town mestys While all of these are municipalities from the point of view of the law they are usually referred to by their titles and not as municipalities Municipalities without any other status are just called municipalities Statutory cities can have self governing subdivisions so called city parts or city districts mestska cast which are somewhat similar to municipalities in that they have their own town halls and local government 1 Town and market town are above all ceremonial labels bestowed on municipalities with notable population history and regional significance citation needed A special type of municipality is the capital Prague which has simultaneously the status of a municipality and a region and which is treated by special law 3 The law makes it possible for municipalities which were stripped of town status during the Communist period to retain that status automatically For any other municipality to gain town status it must have population over 3 000 and must pass an assessment by the chairman of the parliament For market town status population is not a condition 1 The newest Czech town is Milicin which obtained the status in 2022 4 Some municipalities have extended competencies of delegated state administration for the territory of the municipality and for surrounding municipalities 5 Statistics Edit Count of municipalities by category of population as of January 2021 6 Total Cities Towns Market towns Other municipalitiesOver 99 999 6 6 50 000 99 999 12 12 25 000 49 999 23 9 14 10 000 24 999 88 88 5 000 9 999 147 141 22 500 4 999 280 179 7 951 000 2 499 927 128 111 703500 999 1 368 18 88 1 267Under 500 3 403 13 22 3 351Total 6 254 27 581 228 5 418Population in municipalities by status as of January 2021 6 Total Cities Towns Market towns Other municipalitiesAverage 1 711 135 177 6 387 1 171 567Median 443 65 341 4 140 1 038 373Minimum 14 34 778 Trinec 73 Prebuz 130 Levin 14 Vysoka Lhota Maximum 1 335 084 1 335 084 Prague 37 361 Ceska Lipa 3 720 Nehvizdy 5 373 Petrovice u Karvine Total 10 701 777 3 649 780 3 710 352 267 039 3 074 606The smallest municipalities by area are Zavist 0 42 km2 and Strukov 0 53 km2 7 The biggest are the cities of Prague 496 21 km2 Brno 230 18 km2 and Ostrava 214 23 km2 and the town of Ralsko 170 23 km2 including a former military area with only about 2 000 inhabitants 8 List of municipalities Edit List of municipalities in the Czech Republic A I List of municipalities in the Czech Republic J M List of municipalities in the Czech Republic N R List of municipalities in the Czech Republic S ZSlovakia EditAs of 2020 there are 2 890 municipalities in Slovakia with 141 of them being a city or a town 9 After meeting certain conditions such as population over 5 000 being well accessible having cultural or economical significance and having an urban style of settlement a municipality can be declared a town mesto 2 References Edit a b c d Zakon c 128 2000 Sb o obcich obecni zrizeni zakonyprolidi cz in Czech Retrieved 17 September 2020 a b c Uplne znenie c 612 2002 Z z zakonypreludi sk in Slovak Retrieved 17 September 2020 Zakon c 131 2000 Sb o hlavnim meste Praze zakonyprolidi cz in Czech Retrieved 17 September 2020 Milicin je opet mestem chysta opraveny znak a v cervnu mestske slavnosti in Czech Denik cz 26 May 2022 Retrieved 23 September 2020 Zakon c 314 2002 Sb o stanoveni obci s poverenym obecnim uradem zakonyprolidi cz in Czech Retrieved 17 September 2020 a b Population of Municipalities 1 January 2021 Czech Statistical Office 30 April 2021 Zakladni tendence demografickeho socialniho a ekonomickeho vyvoje Olomouckeho kraje Czech Statistical Office p 10 Retrieved 9 May 2022 All about territory Public database Czech Statistical Office Retrieved 9 May 2022 Slovenska republika sumarne udaje sodbtn sk in Slovak Retrieved 17 September 2020 See also Editokres opstina municipality List of cities in the Czech Republic List of municipalities in Slovakia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Obec amp oldid 1154106541, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
