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Ásíyih Khánum

January 20, 2023

Ásíyih K͟hánum (Persian: آسیه خانم‎ 1820 – 1886) was the wife of Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith. She is also known by her titles of Navváb, the Most Exalted Leaf, Búyúk K͟hánum or Hadrat-i-K͟hánum. K͟hánum is a title usually given to a Persian lady and is equivalent to madam.[1] Baháʼu'lláh and Ásíyih Khánum were known as the Father of the Poor and the Mother of Consolation for their extraordinary generosity and regard for the impoverished. Baháʼu'lláh, along with Ásíyih Khánum and her children, are regarded as the Baháʼí holy family.

The graves of Ásíyih Khánum and Mirzá Mihdí within the Monument Gardens.

Background

 
Wedding certificate of Baháʼu'lláh and Ásíyih K͟hánum (1835).

Ásíyih Khánum was born Ásíyih Yalrúdí the only daughter of Mírzá Ismáʼíl Yalrúdí, an aristocrat and minister in the Qajar court in the village of Yal Rud in Mazandaran.[2][3] She had one brother Mírzá Mahmúd who did not become a follower of Bábism nor of the Baháʼí Faith.[4] The Yalrúdí family were high-ranking nobility, and Ásíyih was raised in extraordinary privilege. As a girl she was well-educated and was able to read and write in her native Persian as well Arabic.

Marriage

1832 her eldest brother, Mírzá Mahmúd, married an elder sister of Baháʼu'lláh; Sarah.[2] Sarah was very close to Baháʼu'lláh[5] and was gratified with evidence of young Ásíyih’s beauty, piety and kindness.[2][4][6] She quickly devised a plan to marry the two together.[4] Mírzá ʻAbbás Núrí accepted – perhaps enticed by the huge dowry which included three servants, large piece of land, property and a sum of money.[2] The betrothal was then made official, but was delayed until Ásíyih came of age.[2][7]

In October 1835, the fifteen-year-old Ásíyih Khánum married Baháʼu'lláh in a grand and sumptuous ceremony with the buttons on Ásíyih Khánum's clothes as jewels.[2][4] These jewels were later sold to provide for food for the family during the persecution of Bábís in 1852.[2][8] According to Baháʼí sources, Ásíyih and Baháʼu'lláh occupied themselves with philanthropy. She was known as the “Mother of Consolation” for her charity work among the destitute of Tehran.[2][8]

The marriage resulted in seven children: Kázim, Sádiq, ʻAbbás, ʻAlí-Muhammad, Bahíyyih, Mihdí, and ʻAlí-Muhammad.[9][10] Only three survived to adulthood all of whom were deeply loyal to their mother.[11] Ásíyih Khánum was very close to her children, and took active participation in their upbringing especially that of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá.[8] The Núrí family lived in the capital Tehran and Mazandaran in the summer months – the norm of upper-class Persian families.

As a Bábí

In 1844, Baháʼu'lláh heard of a new faith Bábism and accepted.[2] Ásíyih soon joined to the new faith and became a fervent convert.[2] She helped hide the Bábí leader Táhirih in her private parlour whilst she was hiding from government forces.[2]

On 15 August 1852, a radical group of Bábís attempted the assassination of the Shah and failed.[8] The group of Bábís linked with the plan were rounded up and killed, and, notwithstanding the assassins' claim that they were working alone, the entire Bábí community was blamed and a general pogrom of the Bábí community was started by the Shah.[8] Bahá’u’lláh was arrested.[12] Ásíyih’s home was looted,[13] its possessions were taken away and she was left in practical poverty.[8] She fled with her children and at times struggled to find enough money to feed them.[2] They recall being given a handful of flour to satiate their hunger.[2]

Baghdad

 
Mirzá Mihdí, the youngest child of Ásíyih.

Bahá’u’lláh was eventually released, but banished from his homeland to Baghdad. Though both Bahá’u’lláh and Ásíyih were well-connected through their families, many distanced themselves from the couple during this time. On leaving, no-one came to say goodbye save the "grandmother of Ásíyih Khánum".[8] She reluctantly left her youngest child, Mihdí, in her care.[8][13]

In the freezing winter of January 1853, the family began their journey to Baghdad. Ásíyih Khánum accompanied Baháʼu'lláh, who was weak and ill from his months in the dungeon, becoming his closest companion and confidante.[5][6] She was also pregnant during the journey[13] – causing her much difficulty.[6]

In 1854 Baháʼu'lláh decided to retreat to Kurdistan and left his two brothers Mírzá Músá and Subh-i-Azal to care for the family. According to her children’s recollections, Azal curtailed the family’s freedom. When Ásíyih's baby needed a doctor he forbade her from getting one. This child, born in Baghdad was named ʻAlí-Muhammad after the Báb. He died around 1855 at the age of two.[14] Her daughter explains: "the sweet body of our beautiful baby was given to a man, who took it away, and we never knew even where he was laid. I remember so clearly the sorrow of those days".[8] Bahá’u’lláh eventually returned, resulting in some stability for the family.[8][13]

Constantinople and Adrianople

The family were subsequently exiled again to Constantinople in 1863.[7] Shortly after the arrival in Constantinople they were exiled to the remote Adrianople.[7] The journey was an exhausting and wearisome one during the winter. The cold took its toll on Ásíyih and she fell gravely ill.[13] The five years in Adrianople were also unhappy. Bahá’u’lláh almost died in 1866[13] and she was threatened with being separated from her husband in 1868. It was, according to Baháʼís, through the intercession of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá that this was scrapped and the family all exiled together.[13]

Acre

 
House of ʻAbbúd.

A royal command was issued in July 1868 condemning the Bábís/Baháʼís to perpetual imprisonment and isolation in far-flung outposts of the Ottoman Empire — Famagusta, Cyprus for Mirza Yahya and his followers, and ʻAkká, in Ottoman Palestine, for Baháʼu'lláh and his followers.[15] Again and for the last time the family were exiled to the prison city of Acre, Israel. This was by far the hardest place the family had been to.[16] Accompanying her was her twenty-four-year-old son,> her twenty-one-year-old daughter, her twenty-year-old son Mírzá Mihdí and her husband.[16][2]

The Baháʼís arrived in August at the height of the summer.[16] The inhabitants of Acre were told that the new prisoners were enemies of the state, of God and his religion, and that association with them was strictly forbidden. The aggressive public was jeering and throwing abuse.[16] Almost all of the exiles fell dangerously ill.[16] The period was distressing for Ásíyih Khánum, as it was for many of the Baháʼís, due to the death of three Baháʼís and hostile behavior of the surrounding population.[8] The Baháʼís were imprisoned under horrendous conditions in a cluster of cells covered in dirt and sewage and not given sufficient food for three days.[16] The most trying circumstance for Ásíyih was probably the sudden and accidental death of her youngest son; twenty-two-year-old Mihdí.[17]

His death caused her much pain – so much so that her family feared for her sanity.[2][16] According to Baháʼís, the disconsolate Ásíyih was comforted by Baháʼu'lláh who assured his wife their child was in heaven.[2]

Easing of restrictions

In 1870, restrictions were eased for the family and they were moved from the prison. As the people of Acre started to respect the Baháʼís and in particular, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá,[8] he was able to arrange for houses to be rented for the family, and the family finally moved to the Mansion of Bahjí around 1879 when an epidemic caused the inhabitants to flee.[8] Ásíyih was able to continue her nursing work she had started in Tehran. She was known in the city for helping the sick and developing remedies. Suffering from ill-health herself for most of her life, the climate of Acre exacerbated an already delicate constitution.[8] As pilgrims began trickling in from Persia, Ásyih received them as “head of the household”. She was greatly respected and revered by Baháʼís and even by her own children.[18] Baháʼu'lláh called her “Navváb”.[8] She was also affectionately known as Búyúk Khánum.[19][a] He also named her Varaqiyih-'Ulyá (meaning "Most Exalted Leaf")[b] and his "perpetual consort in the worlds of God". Baháʼu'lláh appointed her son ʻAbdu'l-Bahá as his successor.[20]

Death

Ásíyih died in 1886, aged 66, from a fall with Baháʼu'lláh by her side.[21] Her death was mourned by the populace of Acre; her funeral was attended by Muslims, Christians and Druze people.[22] Baháʼu'lláh remarked that after Ásíyih, his light had been turned to darkness, his joy to sadness and calmness into agitation.[23] Her death was followed by several other deaths which hurt the family: a year later the death of Mírzá Músá, the brother of Baháʼu'lláh, followed by that of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's son and Baháʼu'lláh grandson (five-year-old Husayn) only increased Baháʼu'lláh's mourning.[6]

Reburial

 
Monument Gardens, facing north. The tomb of Ásíyih is on the left; of Mihdí on the right.

After Ásíyih died in 1886, she was buried in a Muslim cemetery in Acre.[21] Western and Eastern pilgrims would travel to the cemetery to visit her grave and the grave of Mírzá Mihdí. In 1932 her daughter died and her wish was to be buried beside her mother and brother.[24] Shoghi Effendi thought the gravesite of Ásíyih in this cemetery was unbefitting for her and her son.[25]

After fifty-three years since her death, he arranged to secretly transfer her remains and that of her son to be buried near her daughter in Mount Carmel.[24] They were removed from their previous resting places and the bodies were temporarily left in the Shrine of the Báb till the burial arrangements were finished.[24] He then cabled the Baháʼís:

Blessed remains Purest Branch and Master's mother safely transferred hallowed precincts Shrines Mount Carmel. Long inflicted humiliation wiped away. Machinations Covenant-breakers frustrate plan defeated. Cherished wish Greatest Holy Leaf fulfilled. Sister brother mother wife ʻAbdu'l-Bahá reunited one spot designed constitute focal centre Baháʼí Administrative Institutions at Faith's World Centre. Share joyful news entire body American believers. Shoghi Rabbani.[24]

He commissioned two marble monuments to be built made in Corinthian style from Italy.[24] After successfully transferring the remains, Shoghi Effendi reburied the two next to each other in a ceremony on Christmas Day of 1939.[24] The burial ground is now called the Monument Gardens, the burial ground of the Baháʼí "holy family", namely the wife, son, daughter and daughter-in-law of Baháʼu'lláh.[24]

Appearance and personality

Tall (relative to nineteenth century Persian standards) with a fair complexion, dark hair, deep blue eyes and regular features, Ásíyih was a noted beauty. [26] Her daughter described her as a "pearl…amongst women."[8] Historical accounts write that she was "slender, stately…with white skin and blue eyes and dark hair"[27] and "winsome, vivacious and exceedingly beautiful".[4] All her children inherited her physical features.

 
ʻAbbás Effendi, Ásíyih Khánum's eldest son.

Ásíyih was aristocratic in her bearing, and at times struggled with life as an exile. Unaccustomed to labour, during the exile of Baghdad Ásíyih’s hands cut and bled from blisters caused by washing clothes. She was also remembered as having a strong character. Her son `Abdu’l-Bahá reflected “she was patient, God-fearing, calm, humble and contented.” Shoghi Effendi has described her as having "continued to evince a fortitude, a piety, a devotion and a nobility of soul".[28]

Ásíyih was extremely religious. After the unexpected death of her son Mírzá Mihdí, Ásíyih consoled herself with her strongly held belief that he was in heaven. Her granddaughter recalled “my eyes will always see her in her blue dress…her sweet, smiling face…as she chanted prayers in her musical voice.”

Even as a young woman in Tehran, Ásíyih was known for her work with the poor. This carried on during her imprisonment in Acre. During the period when the exiled Bahá’í community had been granted relative freedom, Ásíyih helped nurse the sick of Acre.

See also

Others buried in the Monument Gardens:

  • Mirzá Mihdí, Baháʼu'lláh's youngest son by Ásíyih to survive infancy.
  • Bahíyyih Khánum, Baháʼu'lláh's daughter by Ásíyih.
  • Munirih Khánum, daughter-in-law by Ásíyih and wife of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, Ásíyih's eldest son.

Baháʼí Holy Family:

Notes

  1. ^ A Turkish title lit: Great Lady
  2. ^ Baháʼu'lláh referred to his family as a tree, and the females the leaves

Citations

  1. ^ Morier 2005, p. 115.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Ma'ani 2008, pp. 85–124.
  3. ^ Cole 1998, p. 175.
  4. ^ a b c d e Balyuzi 2000, p. 23.
  5. ^ a b Taherzadeh 2000, p. 21.
  6. ^ a b c d Momen 2007, p. 8,34,43.
  7. ^ a b c Bowers 2004, pp. 165, 210.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Blomfield 1956, pp. 39–65, 100.
  9. ^ Browne 1918, pp. 320–321.
  10. ^ Ma'ani 2008, p. 94.
  11. ^ Blomfield 1956, p. 92.
  12. ^ Cole 1998, p. 28.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g Phelps 1912, pp. 14–65.
  14. ^ Blomfield 1956, p. 52.
  15. ^ Smith 1999, p. 26.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g Phelps 1912, pp. 55–70.
  17. ^ Ma'ani 2008, p. 19
  18. ^ Ma'ani 2008, p. 118.
  19. ^ Balyuzi 2000, p. 227.
  20. ^ Britannica 1992, p. 2.
  21. ^ a b Ma'ani 2008, p. 115.
  22. ^ Balyuzi 2000, p. 21.
  23. ^ Khan 1998, p. 47.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g Rabbani 1969, p. 261.
  25. ^ Ma'ani 2008, p. 121.
  26. ^ Rabbani 1952, pp. 253–8
  27. ^ Rabbani 1952, pp. 253–8.
  28. ^ Effendi 1944, p. 108.

References

  • Balyuzi, H.M. (2000). Baháʼu'lláh, King of Glory. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. ISBN 0-85398-328-3.
  • Bowers, Kenneth E. (2004). God Speaks Again. Baha'i Publishing Trust. pp. 165, 210. ISBN 978-1-931847-12-4.
  • Browne, E.G. (1918). Materials for the Study of the Bábí Religion. Cambridge: University Press.
  • Khan, Janet (1998). Advancement of Women: A Baháʼí Perspective. Baháʼí Publishing Trust. ISBN 0-87743-269-4.
  • Ma'ani, Baharieh Rouhani (2008). Leaves of the Twin Divine Trees. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. ISBN 978-0-85398-533-4.
  • Morier, James (2005). The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan. Cosimo Classics. ISBN 1-59605-263-5.
  • Phelps, Myron Henry (1912). Life and Teachings of Abbas Effendi. New York: GP Putman's Sons. pp. xliii, 78, 90.
  • Rabbani, Ruhiyyih (1958). The Passing of Shoghi Effendi. London: Baháʼí Publishing Trust.

January 20, 2023
Ásíyih, khánum, Ásíyih, hánum, persian, آسیه, خانم, 1820, 1886, wife, baháʼu, lláh, founder, baháʼí, faith, also, known, titles, navváb, most, exalted, leaf, búyúk, hánum, hadrat, hánum, hánum, title, usually, given, persian, lady, equivalent, madam, baháʼu, l. Asiyih K hanum Persian آسیه خانم 1820 1886 was the wife of Bahaʼu llah the founder of the Bahaʼi Faith She is also known by her titles of Navvab the Most Exalted Leaf Buyuk K hanum or Hadrat i K hanum K hanum is a title usually given to a Persian lady and is equivalent to madam 1 Bahaʼu llah and Asiyih Khanum were known as the Father of the Poor and the Mother of Consolation for their extraordinary generosity and regard for the impoverished Bahaʼu llah along with Asiyih Khanum and her children are regarded as the Bahaʼi holy family The graves of Asiyih Khanum and Mirza Mihdi within the Monument Gardens Contents 1 Background 2 Marriage 3 As a Babi 4 Baghdad 5 Constantinople and Adrianople 6 Acre 7 Easing of restrictions 8 Death 9 Reburial 10 Appearance and personality 11 See also 12 Notes 13 Citations 14 ReferencesBackground Edit Wedding certificate of Bahaʼu llah and Asiyih K hanum 1835 Asiyih Khanum was born Asiyih Yalrudi the only daughter of Mirza Ismaʼil Yalrudi an aristocrat and minister in the Qajar court in the village of Yal Rud in Mazandaran 2 3 She had one brother Mirza Mahmud who did not become a follower of Babism nor of the Bahaʼi Faith 4 The Yalrudi family were high ranking nobility and Asiyih was raised in extraordinary privilege As a girl she was well educated and was able to read and write in her native Persian as well Arabic Marriage Edit1832 her eldest brother Mirza Mahmud married an elder sister of Bahaʼu llah Sarah 2 Sarah was very close to Bahaʼu llah 5 and was gratified with evidence of young Asiyih s beauty piety and kindness 2 4 6 She quickly devised a plan to marry the two together 4 Mirza ʻAbbas Nuri accepted perhaps enticed by the huge dowry which included three servants large piece of land property and a sum of money 2 The betrothal was then made official but was delayed until Asiyih came of age 2 7 In October 1835 the fifteen year old Asiyih Khanum married Bahaʼu llah in a grand and sumptuous ceremony with the buttons on Asiyih Khanum s clothes as jewels 2 4 These jewels were later sold to provide for food for the family during the persecution of Babis in 1852 2 8 According to Bahaʼi sources Asiyih and Bahaʼu llah occupied themselves with philanthropy She was known as the Mother of Consolation for her charity work among the destitute of Tehran 2 8 The marriage resulted in seven children Kazim Sadiq ʻAbbas ʻAli Muhammad Bahiyyih Mihdi and ʻAli Muhammad 9 10 Only three survived to adulthood all of whom were deeply loyal to their mother 11 Asiyih Khanum was very close to her children and took active participation in their upbringing especially that of ʻAbdu l Baha 8 The Nuri family lived in the capital Tehran and Mazandaran in the summer months the norm of upper class Persian families As a Babi EditIn 1844 Bahaʼu llah heard of a new faith Babism and accepted 2 Asiyih soon joined to the new faith and became a fervent convert 2 She helped hide the Babi leader Tahirih in her private parlour whilst she was hiding from government forces 2 On 15 August 1852 a radical group of Babis attempted the assassination of the Shah and failed 8 The group of Babis linked with the plan were rounded up and killed and notwithstanding the assassins claim that they were working alone the entire Babi community was blamed and a general pogrom of the Babi community was started by the Shah 8 Baha u llah was arrested 12 Asiyih s home was looted 13 its possessions were taken away and she was left in practical poverty 8 She fled with her children and at times struggled to find enough money to feed them 2 They recall being given a handful of flour to satiate their hunger 2 Baghdad Edit Mirza Mihdi the youngest child of Asiyih Baha u llah was eventually released but banished from his homeland to Baghdad Though both Baha u llah and Asiyih were well connected through their families many distanced themselves from the couple during this time On leaving no one came to say goodbye save the grandmother of Asiyih Khanum 8 She reluctantly left her youngest child Mihdi in her care 8 13 In the freezing winter of January 1853 the family began their journey to Baghdad Asiyih Khanum accompanied Bahaʼu llah who was weak and ill from his months in the dungeon becoming his closest companion and confidante 5 6 She was also pregnant during the journey 13 causing her much difficulty 6 In 1854 Bahaʼu llah decided to retreat to Kurdistan and left his two brothers Mirza Musa and Subh i Azal to care for the family According to her children s recollections Azal curtailed the family s freedom When Asiyih s baby needed a doctor he forbade her from getting one This child born in Baghdad was named ʻAli Muhammad after the Bab He died around 1855 at the age of two 14 Her daughter explains the sweet body of our beautiful baby was given to a man who took it away and we never knew even where he was laid I remember so clearly the sorrow of those days 8 Baha u llah eventually returned resulting in some stability for the family 8 13 Constantinople and Adrianople EditThe family were subsequently exiled again to Constantinople in 1863 7 Shortly after the arrival in Constantinople they were exiled to the remote Adrianople 7 The journey was an exhausting and wearisome one during the winter The cold took its toll on Asiyih and she fell gravely ill 13 The five years in Adrianople were also unhappy Baha u llah almost died in 1866 13 and she was threatened with being separated from her husband in 1868 It was according to Bahaʼis through the intercession of ʻAbdu l Baha that this was scrapped and the family all exiled together 13 Acre Edit House of ʻAbbud A royal command was issued in July 1868 condemning the Babis Bahaʼis to perpetual imprisonment and isolation in far flung outposts of the Ottoman Empire Famagusta Cyprus for Mirza Yahya and his followers and ʻAkka in Ottoman Palestine for Bahaʼu llah and his followers 15 Again and for the last time the family were exiled to the prison city of Acre Israel This was by far the hardest place the family had been to 16 Accompanying her was her twenty four year old son gt her twenty one year old daughter her twenty year old son Mirza Mihdi and her husband 16 2 The Bahaʼis arrived in August at the height of the summer 16 The inhabitants of Acre were told that the new prisoners were enemies of the state of God and his religion and that association with them was strictly forbidden The aggressive public was jeering and throwing abuse 16 Almost all of the exiles fell dangerously ill 16 The period was distressing for Asiyih Khanum as it was for many of the Bahaʼis due to the death of three Bahaʼis and hostile behavior of the surrounding population 8 The Bahaʼis were imprisoned under horrendous conditions in a cluster of cells covered in dirt and sewage and not given sufficient food for three days 16 The most trying circumstance for Asiyih was probably the sudden and accidental death of her youngest son twenty two year old Mihdi 17 His death caused her much pain so much so that her family feared for her sanity 2 16 According to Bahaʼis the disconsolate Asiyih was comforted by Bahaʼu llah who assured his wife their child was in heaven 2 Easing of restrictions EditIn 1870 restrictions were eased for the family and they were moved from the prison As the people of Acre started to respect the Bahaʼis and in particular ʻAbdu l Baha 8 he was able to arrange for houses to be rented for the family and the family finally moved to the Mansion of Bahji around 1879 when an epidemic caused the inhabitants to flee 8 Asiyih was able to continue her nursing work she had started in Tehran She was known in the city for helping the sick and developing remedies Suffering from ill health herself for most of her life the climate of Acre exacerbated an already delicate constitution 8 As pilgrims began trickling in from Persia Asyih received them as head of the household She was greatly respected and revered by Bahaʼis and even by her own children 18 Bahaʼu llah called her Navvab 8 She was also affectionately known as Buyuk Khanum 19 a He also named her Varaqiyih Ulya meaning Most Exalted Leaf b and his perpetual consort in the worlds of God Bahaʼu llah appointed her son ʻAbdu l Baha as his successor 20 Death EditAsiyih died in 1886 aged 66 from a fall with Bahaʼu llah by her side 21 Her death was mourned by the populace of Acre her funeral was attended by Muslims Christians and Druze people 22 Bahaʼu llah remarked that after Asiyih his light had been turned to darkness his joy to sadness and calmness into agitation 23 Her death was followed by several other deaths which hurt the family a year later the death of Mirza Musa the brother of Bahaʼu llah followed by that of ʻAbdu l Baha s son and Bahaʼu llah grandson five year old Husayn only increased Bahaʼu llah s mourning 6 Reburial Edit Monument Gardens facing north The tomb of Asiyih is on the left of Mihdi on the right After Asiyih died in 1886 she was buried in a Muslim cemetery in Acre 21 Western and Eastern pilgrims would travel to the cemetery to visit her grave and the grave of Mirza Mihdi In 1932 her daughter died and her wish was to be buried beside her mother and brother 24 Shoghi Effendi thought the gravesite of Asiyih in this cemetery was unbefitting for her and her son 25 After fifty three years since her death he arranged to secretly transfer her remains and that of her son to be buried near her daughter in Mount Carmel 24 They were removed from their previous resting places and the bodies were temporarily left in the Shrine of the Bab till the burial arrangements were finished 24 He then cabled the Bahaʼis Blessed remains Purest Branch and Master s mother safely transferred hallowed precincts Shrines Mount Carmel Long inflicted humiliation wiped away Machinations Covenant breakers frustrate plan defeated Cherished wish Greatest Holy Leaf fulfilled Sister brother mother wife ʻAbdu l Baha reunited one spot designed constitute focal centre Bahaʼi Administrative Institutions at Faith s World Centre Share joyful news entire body American believers Shoghi Rabbani 24 He commissioned two marble monuments to be built made in Corinthian style from Italy 24 After successfully transferring the remains Shoghi Effendi reburied the two next to each other in a ceremony on Christmas Day of 1939 24 The burial ground is now called the Monument Gardens the burial ground of the Bahaʼi holy family namely the wife son daughter and daughter in law of Bahaʼu llah 24 Appearance and personality EditTall relative to nineteenth century Persian standards with a fair complexion dark hair deep blue eyes and regular features Asiyih was a noted beauty 26 Her daughter described her as a pearl amongst women 8 Historical accounts write that she was slender stately with white skin and blue eyes and dark hair 27 and winsome vivacious and exceedingly beautiful 4 All her children inherited her physical features ʻAbbas Effendi Asiyih Khanum s eldest son Asiyih was aristocratic in her bearing and at times struggled with life as an exile Unaccustomed to labour during the exile of Baghdad Asiyih s hands cut and bled from blisters caused by washing clothes She was also remembered as having a strong character Her son Abdu l Baha reflected she was patient God fearing calm humble and contented Shoghi Effendi has described her as having continued to evince a fortitude a piety a devotion and a nobility of soul 28 Asiyih was extremely religious After the unexpected death of her son Mirza Mihdi Asiyih consoled herself with her strongly held belief that he was in heaven Her granddaughter recalled my eyes will always see her in her blue dress her sweet smiling face as she chanted prayers in her musical voice Even as a young woman in Tehran Asiyih was known for her work with the poor This carried on during her imprisonment in Acre During the period when the exiled Baha i community had been granted relative freedom Asiyih helped nurse the sick of Acre See also EditBahaʼu llah s familyOthers buried in the Monument Gardens Mirza Mihdi Bahaʼu llah s youngest son by Asiyih to survive infancy Bahiyyih Khanum Bahaʼu llah s daughter by Asiyih Munirih Khanum daughter in law by Asiyih and wife of ʻAbdu l Baha Asiyih s eldest son Bahaʼi Holy Family ʻAbdu l Baha eldest son of Asiyih and Bahaʼu llah Shoghi Effendi grandson of ʻAbdu l Baha great grandson of Asiyih and Bahaʼu llah and the Guardian or head of the Bahaʼi Faith Ruhiyyih Khanum wife of Shoghi Effendi Khadijih Bagum wife of The Bab Notes Edit A Turkish title lit Great Lady Bahaʼu llah referred to his family as a tree and the females the leavesCitations Edit Morier 2005 p 115 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Ma ani 2008 pp 85 124 Cole 1998 p 175 a b c d e Balyuzi 2000 p 23 a b Taherzadeh 2000 p 21 a b c d Momen 2007 p 8 34 43 a b c Bowers 2004 pp 165 210 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Blomfield 1956 pp 39 65 100 Browne 1918 pp 320 321 Ma ani 2008 p 94 Blomfield 1956 p 92 Cole 1998 p 28 a b c d e f g Phelps 1912 pp 14 65 Blomfield 1956 p 52 Smith 1999 p 26 a b c d e f g Phelps 1912 pp 55 70 Ma ani 2008 p 19 Ma ani 2008 p 118 Balyuzi 2000 p 227 Britannica 1992 p 2 a b Ma ani 2008 p 115 Balyuzi 2000 p 21 Khan 1998 p 47 a b c d e f g Rabbani 1969 p 261 Ma ani 2008 p 121 Rabbani 1952 pp 253 8 Rabbani 1952 pp 253 8 Effendi 1944 p 108 References EditBalyuzi H M 2000 Bahaʼu llah King of Glory Oxford UK George Ronald ISBN 0 85398 328 3 Blomfield 1956 The Chosen Highway London UK Bahaʼi Publishing Trust published 1975 ISBN 0 87743 015 2 Bowers Kenneth E 2004 God Speaks Again Baha i Publishing Trust pp 165 210 ISBN 978 1 931847 12 4 Britannica 1992 The Bahaʼi Faith Britannica Book of the Year Chicago ISBN 0 85229 486 7 Browne E G 1918 Materials for the Study of the Babi Religion Cambridge University Press Cole Juan 1998 Modernity and the Millennium Columbia University Press ISBN 0 231 11081 2 Effendi Shoghi 1944 God Passes By Baha i Publishing Trust ISBN 0 87743 020 9 Effendi Shoghi 1947 Messages to America Baha i Publishing Trust Khan Janet 1998 Advancement of Women A Bahaʼi Perspective Bahaʼi Publishing Trust ISBN 0 87743 269 4 Ma ani Baharieh Rouhani 2008 Leaves of the Twin Divine Trees Oxford UK George Ronald ISBN 978 0 85398 533 4 Momen Moojan 2007 Baha u llah A Short Biography Oneworld Publications ISBN 978 1 85168 469 4 Morier James 2005 The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan Cosimo Classics ISBN 1 59605 263 5 Phelps Myron Henry 1912 Life and Teachings of Abbas Effendi New York GP Putman s Sons pp xliii 78 90 Rabbani Ruhiyyih 1958 The Passing of Shoghi Effendi London Bahaʼi Publishing Trust Rabbani Ruhiyyih 1969 The Priceless Pearl Hardcover ed London UK Bahaʼi Publishing Trust 2000 ISBN 1 870989 91 0 Rabbani Ruhiyyih 1952 The Bahaʼi World Baha i Publishing Trust Smith Peter 1999 A Concise Encyclopedia of the Bahaʼi Faith Oxford UK Oneworld Publications ISBN 1 85168 184 1 Taherzadeh A 2000 The Child of the Covenant Oxford UK George Ronald ISBN 0 85398 439 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Asiyih Khanum amp oldid 1085200931, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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