Sheshatshiu
Sheshatshiu (Innu pronunciation: [ʃehatʃju])[6] is an Innu federal reserve and designated place in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The reserve is approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Happy Valley-Goose Bay. Some references may spell the community's name as Sheshatshit, the t spelling is more traditional in the Innu-aimun language, but the u is used more commonly in English to avoid inappropriate connotations. The name means "a narrow place in the river".
Sheshatshiu Tshishe-shatshu[1] | |
|---|---|
| Sheshatshiu Indian Reserve No. 3 | |
Innu near Sheshatshiu in the 1920s. | |
Sheshatshiu Location in Labrador. | |
| Coordinates: 53°30′46″N 60°8′8″W / 53.51278°N 60.13556°WCoordinates: 53°30′46″N 60°8′8″W / 53.51278°N 60.13556°W | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Newfoundland and Labrador |
| Settled | 1960s (as a permanent settlement), 19th Century (as a trading post)[3] |
| Recognition under the Indian Act | 2002[4] |
| Government | |
| • Chief | Eugene Hart[5] |
| • Federal MP | Yvonne Jones (LIB) |
| • Provincial MHA | Perry Trimper (LIB) |
| Population (2016) | |
| • Total | 1,023[2] |
| Time zone | UTC-4 (AST) |
| Area code | 709 |
| Highways | Route 520 (North West River Road) |
| Website | http://sheshatshiu.ca/ |
The community is inhabited by the Sheshatshiu Innu First Nation, whose current chief is Eugene Hart.
History
In 1836 the Hudson's Bay Company established a trading post at North West River and the traders provided the Innu with European tools.[7]
During the First World War, some Innu from Sheshatshiu fought overseas in the Royal Newfoundland Regiment.[8] In 1915 the International Grenfell Association established a hospital in North West River to serve the European settlers and indigenous people of the region. This hospital was closed in 1983 and residents of Sheshatshiu and North West River now rely on Happy Valley-Goose Bay for medical services.
In 1946 elections were held to send delegates to the Newfoundland National Convention. This was the first time an election was held in Labrador. Lester Burry was elected to the convention and he supported future premier Joey Smallwood and his proposal of confederation with Canada.
In 1949 when Newfoundland and Labrador joined Canada the Indian Act did not include the First Nations of the province. This was done to preserve their right to vote however it also prevented the Innu from protecting their land and culture.[9]
The Innu of Labrador settled into permanent villages in the 1960s and were one of the last Aboriginal groups in Canada to do so.[3] Previously, Sheshatshiu had only been used by the Innu as a coastal settlement and for trading with Europeans.
In the 1980s and 1990s the community of Sheshatshiu, along with the Innu Nation, protested against NATO low-level tactical training flights which utilized CFB Goose Bay.[10][11][12][13]
In 1997, Queen Elizabeth II visited Sheshatshiu and was presented with a letter by community leaders lamenting colonialization.[14][15]
In November 2000, the community, along with Davis Inlet, took the unprecedented step of asking the Canadian federal government to step in and assist with a local addiction crisis. Due to a variety of factors, including economic adversity, alcoholism and gas sniffing were both rampant in the community, in some cases affecting children as young as five years old.[16]
Labrador's Innu became status Indians under the Indian Act in 2002 and "Sheshatshiu 3" became a federal reserve in 2006.[17]
In 2017, the Innu Nation stated that there are 165 Labrador Innu children in foster care, 80 of whom are placed outside their home communities of Sheshatshiu and Natuashish.[18]
In October 2019, the Sheshatshiu Innu First Nation declared a suicide crisis after 10 suicide attempts were reported within the community in a matter of days.[19]
As of 2020, according to Innu Nation Grand Chief Gregory Rich, Sheshatshiu and Natuashish have a collective population of about 3,000 with about half of that being youths. Of that 167 of them are in the care of the Manager of Child and Youth Services.[20]
Geography
Sheshatshiu is in Labrador within Division No. 10.[21] It is adjacent to Inuit community of North West River. Sheshatshiu is connected to Happy Valley-Goose Bay by a 40 km paved road. The roads in Sheshatshiu and North West River are the most northern paved roads in Atlantic Canada. It is located roughly at the province's geographic centre.
Demographics
In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Sheshatshiu 3 reserve recorded a population of 1,023 living in 226 of its 249 total private dwellings, a change of -22.1% from its 2011 population of 1,314. With a land area of 8.57 km2 (3.31 sq mi), it had a population density of 119.4/km2 (309.2/sq mi) in 2016.[21] The median age is 21.7 and over half of the population is below the age of 25.[citation needed] 96% of Sheshatshiu's residents are Innu.[citation needed] The community has notable minorities of Europeans and Inuit.[citation needed] The largest religion in the community is Catholicism.[citation needed] Most of Sheshatshiu's residents speak a dialect of the Cree language.[citation needed] English is commonly spoken in Sheshatshiu as well.[citation needed]
As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population, Sheshatshiu recorded a population of 671 living in 160 of its 177 total private dwellings, a change of -48.9% from its 2011 population of 1314. With a land area of 1.88 km2 (0.73 sq mi), it had a population density of 356.9/km2 (924.4/sq mi) in 2016.[22]
Notable people
- David Penashue, rock singer.
- Peter Penashue, former cabinet minister under Stephen Harper from 2011-13.
See also
References
- ^ "Aimun-Mashinaikan Innu Dictionary". dictionary.innu-aimun.ca.
- ^ "Census Profile, 2016 Census". Statistics Canada.
- ^ a b Adrian Tanner (1999). "Innu History". Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage. from the original on 10 September 2015.
- ^ Jenny Higgins (2008). "Innu Rights & Government". Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage. from the original on 8 May 2016.
- ^ "Innu First Nation, Council". sheshatshiu.ca.
- ^ "Sounds in Sheshatshiu Innu-Aimun" (PDF). innuplaces.ca.
- ^ . ourlabrador.ca. Archived from the original on Feb 6, 2012.
- ^ Reimer, Amelia (Nov 11, 2015). "Lest We Forget Aboriginal Peoples' sacrifices for Canada". The Independent.
- ^ "Mi'kmaq Organizations and Land Claims". Heritage Newfoundland & Labrador. 2008. Retrieved Nov 27, 2020.
- ^ "NATO's Invasion: Air Combat Training and its Impact on the Innu". culturalsurvival.org. December 1986.
- ^ "When Outrage Is A Scarce Commodity: Low-flying Maneuvers over Innu lands in Labrador". culturalsurvival.org. December 2000.
- ^ Gaudi, John (Dec 14, 2019). "New children's book is based on Innu protests of low-level flying in Labrador". CBC News.
- ^ Swardson, Anne (March 17, 1994). "Indians in Labrador Press for End to Low-Level Flight Training". Washington Post. Retrieved Nov 27, 2020.
- ^ "Sheshatshiu: An Innu community's battle with addiction". CBC News. Dec 14, 2004. Retrieved Nov 27, 2020.
- ^ https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/queen-elizabeth-legacy-nl-1.6576786[bare URL]
- ^ . CBC News, December 14, 2004.
- ^ "Reserve Creation at Sheshatshiu". Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada.
- ^ White, Bailey (Nov 16, 2017). "Innu Nation 'disappointed and embarrassed' Ottawa won't participate in foster care inquiry". CBC News.
- ^ "Sheshatshiu Innu First Nation in N.L. declares suicide crisis". CBC News. Oct 29, 2019.
- ^ "Innu Nation calling for province to follow through on inquiry after teen dies in care". CBC News. Jun 4, 2020.
- ^ a b "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions, census subdivisions (municipalities) and designated places, 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Newfoundland and Labrador)". Statistics Canada. February 7, 2018. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
- ^ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and designated places, 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Newfoundland and Labrador)". Statistics Canada. February 7, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2021.