This article is about the ethnic group. For their proposed autonomous area, see NunatuKavut.
The NunatuKavummiut (also called the people of NunatuKavut, formerly Labrador Metis or Inuit-metis) are a people formally recognized by the federal government as among the Indigenous peoples in Canada. They live in central to southern Labrador, and are of mixed Inuit and European heritage. According to recent censuses completed by Statistics Canada, the vast majority of individuals living in NunatuKavut communities identify as Inuit'Métis' as opposed to 'Inuit'. However, they are unrelated to the Metis people of the Red River Colony of Western Canada.
Nunatuĸavut or NunatuKavut means "Our ancient land" in the traditional Inuttitut dialect of central and southern Labrador. The region claimed by the NunatuKavut Community Council encompasses southern Labrador, from the Grand River (Newfoundland name: Churchill River), South to Lodge Bay and West to the extent of the official border between Quebec and Labrador. However, their proposed land use area is much more extensive.[1]
The exact term for NunatuKavut's people is uncertain. Historically, terms such as "half-breeds" or "settlers" were used (the former was also commonly used to refer to the Métis).[2] Terms today include "Métis", "Inuit-Métis" and "Southern Inuit".
History
Arrival in southern Labrador
The people are claimed to be the sole ancestors of the southern Inuit of Labrador who have continuously occupied and used the region for almost a thousand years, long before the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador made any real foray into the area in the early 20th century.[3]
According to one theory, the Inuit arrived in Labrador in the 15th century from Baffin Island[citation needed]. Archeological evidence shows they lived as far south as the Sandwich Bay area.[4]
Contact with Europeans
The Inuit were in conflict with the Basque and French whalers beginning in the mid-1500s.
Treaty of 1765
Following the defeat of France in the Seven Years' War, Britain laid claim to Labrador. The British governor of Newfoundland Sir Hugh Palliser signed a treaty with the southern Labrador Inuit in 1765.[5]
Marriage between Europeans and Inuit
During the 19th century, some European men, settled, took Inuit wives, and permanently assimilated into the local culture. Although influenced in many ways by prolonged contact with seasonal workers and merchants, the culture and way of life has remained distinctly Inuit.[6]
Map with the location of the main NunatuKavut communities
NunatuKavut consists of a region of southern Labrador that encompasses communities from Lodge Bay (located on the Lodge River) to the communities located on the coast of Sandwich Bay (Paradise River and Cartwright). However, there are notable populations of people of mixed European and Inuit descent in other parts of Labrador too. Many Inuit in the southern parts of Nunatsiavut are descended from fur traders that worked in the region. NunatuKavut also has a large diaspora in many other parts of Newfoundland and Labrador such as the communities located along the Strait of Belle Isle and on the island of Newfoundland[citation needed]. Many residents of the Quebec community of St. Augustine (known officially as "Saint-Augustin") are also of Inuit and European descent but are represented by Nunamit.[7]
Organization
NunatuKavummiut are today represented by the NunatuKavut Community Council which was formed in 2010 from its predecessor the Labrador Métis Nation (formerly Labrador Métis Association).[8] They are members of the Congress of Aboriginal Peoples along with other non-Status Aboriginal groups.[9]
Land claim
The people of NunatuKavut, claim NunatuKavut as their homeland, and are in process of launching an Aboriginal land claim with the Canadian courts. They are also active in the debates over the Lower Churchill hydroelectric project, and the dam at Muskrat Falls.[10]
^Kennedy, John C. (2016). "Being and becoming Inuit in Labrador". Études/Inuit/Studies. 39: 225–242. doi:10.7202/1036085ar.
^The Story of Labrador by Bill Rompkey Publisher: Montreal : McGill-Queen's University Press, 2003. ISBN0-7735-2574-2 DDC: 971.82 LCC: FC2149.4 Edition: (bound)
^"Southern Inuit of NunatuKavut: The Historical Background". www.heritage.nf.ca. Retrieved 2022-09-10.
^(PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-15. Retrieved 2012-09-19.
^"Royal Commission White Paper on Renewing and Strengthening Our Place in Canada". www.exec.gov.nl.ca. Retrieved 2022-09-10.
^(PDF). www.thelowernorthshore.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2017-04-24.
^"Labrador's Métis Nation adopts new name | CBC News". CBC News. 2010-04-13. Retrieved 2022-09-10.
^. www.abo-peoples.org. Archived from the original on 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2012-11-29.
^. the Telegram. Archived from the original on 2012-10-06. Retrieved 2012-09-19.
March 22, 2023
nunatukavummiut, this, article, about, ethnic, group, their, proposed, autonomous, area, nunatukavut, also, called, people, nunatukavut, formerly, labrador, metis, inuit, metis, people, formally, recognized, federal, government, among, indigenous, peoples, can. This article is about the ethnic group For their proposed autonomous area see NunatuKavut The NunatuKavummiut also called the people of NunatuKavut formerly Labrador Metis or Inuit metis are a people formally recognized by the federal government as among the Indigenous peoples in Canada They live in central to southern Labrador and are of mixed Inuit and European heritage According to recent censuses completed by Statistics Canada the vast majority of individuals living in NunatuKavut communities identify as Inuit Metis as opposed to Inuit However they are unrelated to the Metis people of the Red River Colony of Western Canada NunatuKavummiut People of NunatuKavut Regions with significant populationsLanguagesNewfoundland EnglishReligionProtestant Evangelical Christianity Animism Related ethnic groupsInuitNunatuĸavut or NunatuKavut means Our ancient land in the traditional Inuttitut dialect of central and southern Labrador The region claimed by the NunatuKavut Community Council encompasses southern Labrador from the Grand River Newfoundland name Churchill River South to Lodge Bay and West to the extent of the official border between Quebec and Labrador However their proposed land use area is much more extensive 1 Contents 1 Nomenclature 2 History 2 1 Arrival in southern Labrador 2 2 Contact with Europeans 2 3 Treaty of 1765 2 4 Marriage between Europeans and Inuit 3 Distribution 4 Organization 5 Land claim 6 See also 7 Further reading 8 ReferencesNomenclature EditThe exact term for NunatuKavut s people is uncertain Historically terms such as half breeds or settlers were used the former was also commonly used to refer to the Metis 2 Terms today include Metis Inuit Metis and Southern Inuit History EditArrival in southern Labrador Edit The people are claimed to be the sole ancestors of the southern Inuit of Labrador who have continuously occupied and used the region for almost a thousand years long before the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador made any real foray into the area in the early 20th century 3 According to one theory the Inuit arrived in Labrador in the 15th century from Baffin Island citation needed Archeological evidence shows they lived as far south as the Sandwich Bay area 4 Contact with Europeans Edit The Inuit were in conflict with the Basque and French whalers beginning in the mid 1500s Treaty of 1765 Edit Following the defeat of France in the Seven Years War Britain laid claim to Labrador The British governor of Newfoundland Sir Hugh Palliser signed a treaty with the southern Labrador Inuit in 1765 5 Marriage between Europeans and Inuit Edit During the 19th century some European men settled took Inuit wives and permanently assimilated into the local culture Although influenced in many ways by prolonged contact with seasonal workers and merchants the culture and way of life has remained distinctly Inuit 6 Distribution Edit Black Tickle Cartwright Charlottetown Lodge Bay Port Hope Simpson Paradise River St Lewis Mary s Harbourclass notpageimage Map with the location of the main NunatuKavut communities NunatuKavut consists of a region of southern Labrador that encompasses communities from Lodge Bay located on the Lodge River to the communities located on the coast of Sandwich Bay Paradise River and Cartwright However there are notable populations of people of mixed European and Inuit descent in other parts of Labrador too Many Inuit in the southern parts of Nunatsiavut are descended from fur traders that worked in the region NunatuKavut also has a large diaspora in many other parts of Newfoundland and Labrador such as the communities located along the Strait of Belle Isle and on the island of Newfoundland citation needed Many residents of the Quebec community of St Augustine known officially as Saint Augustin are also of Inuit and European descent but are represented by Nunamit 7 Organization EditNunatuKavummiut are today represented by the NunatuKavut Community Council which was formed in 2010 from its predecessor the Labrador Metis Nation formerly Labrador Metis Association 8 They are members of the Congress of Aboriginal Peoples along with other non Status Aboriginal groups 9 Land claim EditThe people of NunatuKavut claim NunatuKavut as their homeland and are in process of launching an Aboriginal land claim with the Canadian courts They are also active in the debates over the Lower Churchill hydroelectric project and the dam at Muskrat Falls 10 See also EditNunavik Nunavut Labrador Inuit Pidgin FrenchFurther reading EditCanadian Government NunatuKavut Land Claim Document NunatuKavut Community Council Inc Labrador Inuit History Canadian Encyclopedia Inuit presence in southern Labrador Royal Commission White Paper on Renewing and Strengthening Our Place in CanadaReferences Edit The forgotten Labrador Cleophas Belvin ISBN 0 7735 3151 3 bound Kennedy John C 2016 Being and becoming Inuit in Labrador Etudes Inuit Studies 39 225 242 doi 10 7202 1036085ar The Story of Labrador by Bill Rompkey Publisher Montreal McGill Queen s University Press 2003 ISBN 0 7735 2574 2 DDC 971 82 LCC FC2149 4 Edition bound Southern Inuit of NunatuKavut The Historical Background www heritage nf ca Retrieved 2022 09 10 The Labrador Treaty of 1765 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2012 09 15 Retrieved 2012 09 19 Royal Commission White Paper on Renewing and Strengthening Our Place in Canada www exec gov nl ca Retrieved 2022 09 10 St Augustine Les Habitants The People Ka iapist ute PDF www thelowernorthshore com Archived from the original PDF on 2011 07 17 Retrieved 2017 04 24 Labrador s Metis Nation adopts new name CBC News CBC News 2010 04 13 Retrieved 2022 09 10 Affiliates www abo peoples org Archived from the original on 2012 11 05 Retrieved 2012 11 29 NunatuKavut says it s not backing away from the Lower Churchill development the Telegram Archived from the original on 2012 10 06 Retrieved 2012 09 19 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title NunatuKavummiut amp oldid 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