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Hurricane Henri

Hurricane Henri (/ɒnˈr/ ahn-REE[1]) was a minimal category 1 hurricane that impacted the Northeastern United States. The eighth named storm and third hurricane of the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season, Henri developed from a well-defined low-pressure system north-northeast of Bermuda, becoming a tropical depression on August 16. Nearly a day later, the system strengthened into Tropical Storm Henri. Henri continued to slowly move south, and later southwest. Henri strengthened steadily, reaching its initial peak intensity with winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) and a pressure of 994 mbar (29.4 inHg) early on August 19. Soon after, strong wind shear weakened Henri slightly. Eventually, on August 21, Henri strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane, before weakening back to a tropical storm and making landfall in Westerly, Rhode Island, on August 22, making it the second tropical cyclone to make landfall in the U.S. state of Rhode Island during the season, seven weeks after Elsa. It proceeded to move west-northwestward, weakening down to a tropical depression while greatly slowing down later that day. On August 23, Henri degenerated into a remnant low over New England, before dissipating on the next day over the Atlantic.

Hurricane Henri
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)
Hurricane Henri near peak intensity approaching New England on August 21
FormedAugust 15, 2021
DissipatedAugust 25, 2021
(Post-tropical after August 23)
Highest winds1-minute sustained: 75 mph (120 km/h)
Lowest pressure986 mbar (hPa); 29.12 inHg
Fatalities2 direct
Damage$700 million (2021 USD)
Areas affectedBermuda, Northeastern United States, southern Nova Scotia
Part of the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season

Despite its relatively weak intensity, the storm brought very heavy rainfall over the Northeastern United States and New England, causing widespread flooding in many areas, including cities such as New York and Boston. Power outages quickly became extensive in the region. Wind damage was sparse in comparison. In the aftermath of Henri, many crews were put in place from around the United States to help with recovery efforts and rescues. The storm caused less damage overall than initially feared, due to a weaker landfall and faster weakening trend compared to what was previously forecast. Henri continued to drop large amounts of rain as it weakened over land, prolonging floods and power outages. Henri killed two people and caused an estimated $700 million (2021 USD) in damage.[2]

Meteorological history

 
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
  Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On August 14, a small low pressure area formed over 200 mi (320 km) north-northeast of Bermuda, with disorganized convection, or thunderstorms. That same day, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) first mentioned the weather system as an area of potential tropical cyclogenesis, as the low drifted southward.[3] The thunderstorms became more organized on August 15.[4] In the early hours of August 16, the NHC classified the system as Tropical Depression Eight, while it was located about 135 mi (230 km) east-northeast of Bermuda. Warm water temperatures favorable for the system's development were counteracted by northerly wind shear. The nascent depression moved slowly southwestward, steered around a ridge off the coast of the Eastern United States.[5] Later that day, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Henri, after the storm's deep convection organized further near the center.[6]

By August 17, Henri was moving westward, toward the Eastern United States. Its convection evolved into curved rainbands, and an eye feature was evident in the storm on Bermuda radar; however, it was still affected by the wind shear at the time.[7] The shear and dry air caused the storm's structure to deteriorate on August 19.[8] On August 20, Henri turned towards the north, steering by an approaching trough over the Appalachians and a building ridge to the northeast of the storm.[9] On August 21, at 15:00 UTC, Henri became a Category 1 hurricane, after reconnaissance aircraft found hurricane-force winds.[10] It would maintain hurricane intensity for another day, before weakening back to a high-end tropical storm at 11:00 UTC on August 22, as it approached southern New England.[11] The storm made landfall on August 22, in Westerly, Rhode Island, around 16:15 UTC, with maximum sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h).[12] The storm rapidly weakened after landfall, weakening into a tropical depression early on the next day, before becoming post-tropical later that same day.[13][14] Henri's remnants persisted for another day, before dissipating off the coast of Nova Scotia.[15][16]

Preparations

Bermuda

 
Tropical Storm Henri southeast of Bermuda on August 17

At 03:00 UTC on August 16, when Tropical Depression Eight was designated, the Bermuda Weather Service issued a tropical storm watch as tropical storm conditions were possible.[17] When Henri started to move away from Bermuda, the Bermuda Weather Service discontinued the tropical storm watch for the territory.[18]

United States

Governor of Massachusetts Charlie Baker held a press conference on August 20. He activated 1,000 members of the Massachusetts National Guard to assist with water rescues.[19] In Newport, Rhode Island, a beach and a road were set to be closed. Public Services crews were ordered to be on standby to respond to fallen trees.[20] The Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection ordered campgrounds in the state to be closed from August 21 to August 23.[21]

On August 20, Governor Ned Lamont of Connecticut declared a state of emergency ahead of the arrival of the storm.[22] Mandatory evacuations were ordered in several communities. Storm surge, flash flooding, and high winds widespread throughout a large area were of the utmost concern preceding Henri's arrival. Hundreds of flights were delayed or cancelled at major airports across LaGuardia, John F. Kennedy, Logan, and Newark. Public transit including railway and ferries were suspended in these regions as well. Inland residents were reminded that they could be hit hard as well coastal communities. Tractor trailers were banned from driving on Interstate 95 in Connecticut at 15:00 UTC on August 22. Shelters were opened around New England. In Massachusetts, storm barriers abroad were closed to protect from potential flooding.[23] Henri was expected to move to a stall over the Connecticut–New York border, highly exacerbating floods in the areas.[24]

New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy urged people to stay home during the storm, and advising people to look out for flooding and power lines. He made comparisons to Hurricane Sandy of 2012, which destroyed the state's coast, being thankful that Henri was not as bad as it was previously anticipated. His biggest concern was flooding in the state.[25] President Joe Biden deployed the Federal Emergency Management Agency to help preparation efforts for Henri's damage on August 22. He also spoke with the governors of Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New York, warning about the damage that could be done by the storm.[26] The NHC placed most of the Northeast under a flooding risk from August 22 through early August 24, warning of heavy flooding in Poconos, northern New Jersey, New York City, the Catskills, Connecticut, and western Massachusetts. The entire risk zone was expected to see 3-6 inches of rain, with isolated double-digit totals.[26][27] Flash flood watches remained in place as Henri slowed down over New England.[28]

Up to 33 million people were still under flood warnings on August 23.[29]

Impact

United States

 
Tropical Storm Henri making landfall in Rhode Island on August 22

Power outages were widespread through most of New England due to Henri's impacts.[30][23] At least 140,000 houses experienced outages across New Jersey to Maine.[31] Conditions rapidly deteriorated the morning Henri made landfall, with some areas going from calm weather to tropical storm conditions in just over half an hour.[26] By the morning of August 23, over 65,000 were still without power.[32] Henri had weakened more quickly over land than initially expected, lessening overall impacts.[33] Insured losses across the Northeast were estimated at $155 million by Karen Clark & Co.[34]

New York

Record breaking rainfall of 1.94 inches (49 mm) fell in just one hour in Central Park,[35] the then-wettest hour on record for New York City. A concert which was to be held in Central Park was postponed that same night due to lightning and harsh weather.[23][36] On Roosevelt Island, the Four Freedoms State Park closed due to the inclement weather.[37] A Major League Baseball game between the New York Yankees and Minneapolis Twins was also postponed.[38] The hourly rainfall record was the wettest in 150 years, and Brooklyn drivers abandoned their cars after waist-deep flooding inundated their vehicles.[39] 4.45 inches (113 mm) in total fell during August 21, the highest total in a day for the city (since 2014[40]), while the 7.01-inch (178 mm) total was the highest since Irene in 2011.[31]

Great Gull Island clocked in a 72 mph (116 km/h) wind gust.[30][41] Tuxedo Park collected 5 inches, Henricks 6 inches (150 mm), and Nyack allocated 3.6 inches (91 mm). Parts of Staten Island had slightly more than 4 inches (100 mm) of rainfall.[40] Power outages decreased greatly on August 23, with 71 outages in Ulster County and 9 in Dutchess County. 101 of Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp's more than 300,000 customers were without power that day. In total, a few thousand people had lost power at several points during August 21 and 22. Officials reported no flooded roads in Dutchess, though there were some fallen trees. Ulster had no reported major floods.[42] Bronx River Parkway was closed for two days, where crews scraped off four inches (10 centimeters) of mud. Saw Mill River Parkway was closed for two days as well.[43]

Henri's rainfall, along with New York’s 3rd wettest July,[44] made 2021 the second-wettest summer ever in New York City; with 23.36 inches (593 mm) in total (on August 23). Nearly 2 months of rain fell in a day and a half in Central Park. The city's storm-sewer system, which can only handle about 3.8 billion U.S. gallons (14 billion liters) daily, had over 42 billion US gal (160 billion L) fall into it from Henri from August 21–22. Videos taken in the subway system showed rain pouring down, however, these led to a few disruptions in service.[35]

Rhode Island

On the morning of August 22, over 58,000 people were without power in Rhode Island, with outages being particularly widespread in Washington County. Wind gusts reached over 70 mph (110 km/h).[23] Trees and power lines were downed from the storm.[30] Newport was spared from the worst of the storm. A 30-foot (9.1 m) sailboat named Paws washed up to shore in the city, however, its owner was not found.[26] In Cranston, there were 11 inches of rainfall, causing flooding.[45] Nearly 41,000 people were still without power the morning of August 23.[46] 75 percent of the town of South Kingstown lost power on August 22. The state was to have been hit an estimated 15 to 20 percent harder in power outages than Massachusetts and Connecticut.[29]

New Jersey

In New Jersey, more than 8 inches (200 mm) of rain fell in the town of Cranbury. Up to 9 inches (230 mm) of rain fell in the state, bringing heavy flooding in multiple areas, such as Jamesburg, where heavy rain caused flooding on roads.[23] Numerous roads were closed in Middlesex, with vehicles submerged in floodwaters. Homes were flooded with up to 3 feet (0.91 meters) of water in Cranbury, and some residences and businesses were flooded in Milltown.[30] During the early afternoon of August 22, over 4,500 were reported without power in the state.[25] Some places were flooded with up 4 feet (1.2 m) of water, and left behind 3 inches (7.6 cm) of mud.[47]

Henri dropped 7.84 inches (199 mm) of rain in Ringwood, 6.94 inches (176 mm) in Harrison, and 5.65 inches (144 mm) in Ship Bottom.[40] Phil Murphy said that "part of the state got crushed". Houses in Rossmoor were swamped with floodwater, some up to 2 feet (61 cm) high.[47] Spotswood had seen extensive structural damage, including parts that were "completely engulfed in water". More than half of Helmetta's 73 houses suffered notable flooding damage.[48] Hoboken and Jersey City both saw large amounts of flooding. The former saw 2.43 inches (62 mm) fall in 14 hours, with a total of 4.07 inches (103 mm). The rainfall was the most recorded in a single storm since 2016. The latter experienced city-wide flooding, with a particularly major incident near Bayside Park. There, sustained rainfall caused a 50-inch (1.27 m) sewer line to collapse. Many roads around the area were closed, though only one was closed for the entire weekend. A sink hole opened in Merseles Street.[49]

Over six point five inches (170 mm) of rain fell in Ship Bottom, where even more flooding was experienced. Areas north of Brant Beach in Long Beach Township, to Barnegat Light, received 4 to 7 inches (100 to 180 mm) of rain, compared to the average of 2 to 4 inches (51 to 102 mm). Harvey Cedars' police chief Robert Burnaford said the borough had "dodged a bullet".[50]

Connecticut

Saturated ground from the remnants of Fred just a few days prior to Henri's arrival worsened the flooding situation in the state as the storm passed over. Governor Ned Lamont stated the rain was "coming down in buckets". 7,600 people were without power on the morning of August 22.[23] Trees and wires were reported to be downed.[30] Four nursing homes were evacuated when Henri made landfall. Over 248 nursing homes were affected in the towns of Old Saybrook, Mystic, Guilford, and West Haven.[51] Soundview Beach's water overflowed, causing "Hubcap"-deep waters in the area.[26] Approximately 9,000 of Eversource Energy's customers had no power. The town of Canterbury reported a loss of power for 95% of their businesses and residences.[52] A road in Manchester collapsed due to rainfall saturation.[53]

Rainfall totals for the state were much less than initially forecasted. New London received the most, where 3.7 inches (94 mm) fell. 1.56 inches (40 mm) fell in Danbury, 1.54 inches (39 mm) in Shelton, 1.17 inches (30 mm) in Norwalk, 1.08 inches (27 mm) in Westport, and exactly 1 inch (25.4 mm) in Greenwich.[40] In Pawcatuck, a tree fell onto a home's roof, damaging the roof and toppling the head of a chimney.[54] 30 cars in a parking lot were trapped due to flooding.[55] Hartford's donation drive for Back-To-School efforts were hindered, where as a delivery of 500 book-bags was delayed. 100 of these were ruined due to water damage.[56]

Botticello Farm in Manchester had suffered crop damage to their tobacco plants, as well as their corn. Overall, Henri added to the struggle of farming in 2021's summer due to excessive rainfall.[57] The library in New Canaan had suffered minimal damage.[58]

Massachusetts

Wind gusts ranging from 40 to 60 miles per hour (64 to 97 km/h) were recorded.[30] In Oxford, a large tree was uprooted and fell onto and damaged a house. The people residing inside the house survived. The tree fell in part due to saturated grounds from the remnants of Tropical Storm Fred, several days earlier. A 300-year old home was damaged by a falling tree. Some other trees fell on cars and blocked roadways.[59] Henri also caused power outages in the state, with Worcester County reporting the most outages.[60] Due to the storm, the game between the Boston Red Sox and Texas Rangers had to be postponed.[61]

Three EF0 tornadoes caused minor damage in Marlborough, Stow, and Bolton.[60][62] One touched down west of Interstate 495 near the John J. Carroll Water Treatment Plant, and entered into a business park.[63] Another tornado, in Bolton, downed trees, with one of them falling on power lines. A third one touched down near the Stow Police Department, downing a large tree. A waterspout formed over a lake in Ashburnham.[60]

Elsewhere

Two family members drowned near a pier in Oak Island, North Carolina after being caught in strong rip currents produced as a result of Henri.[64]

In Pennsylvania, 6.03 inches (153 mm) fell in Albrightsville, 5.80 inches (147 mm) in Gouldsboro, 5.68 inches (144 mm) in Mount Pocono, 5.54 inches (141 mm) in Jim Thorpe, 4.86 inches (123 mm) in Stroudsburg, and 4.29 inches (109 mm) in Thornhurst. These totals caused flooding in local areas.[65] Major flooding was seen in Dunmore, where a sewer was overflowed, causing a temporary geyser. Nearby basements and parking lots were damaged.[66] Parx Racing was forced to reschedule the Grade III Parx Dash Stakes which was originally scheduled for August 24, 2021 and moved to the following week, due to the state of the turf track.[67]

States as far as Maine saw deluges, due to Henri's large size and slow movement.[68] There were hundreds of power outages in the state; however, outage numbers were much lower in Vermont and in New Hampshire.[69] In New Hampshire, portions of the White Mountain National Forest briefly closed due to the hurricane.[70]

Aftermath

Several thousands of crews were put on stand by to respond to what was expected to be widespread power outages.[23][29] For Connecticut, some of the crews came from states as far away as Texas.[51] People were rescued in New Jersey after very high flooding, including 86 in Newark.[25][54][69] 16 were children.[31] Rhode Island Governor Daniel McKee surveyed damage done by the storm in the southern region on August 22.[71] Ned Lamont and Phil Murphy were set to tour damage on August 23.[72][73] In South Kingstown and surrounding areas, 500 line crews and an additional 200+ street crews, were deployed to help restore power, as well as a state damage assessment team.[29] Monroe Township opened a shelter on August 23 to help rescue those who lost their homes due to flooding, or were suffering from power outages.[74]

On August 23, Lamont expressed confidence that nearly 90 percent of the state's 26,000 outages, would be recovered by 6 p.m. that day. These comments contrasted his statements from Isaias the previous year, which knocked out power to 750,000 houses, some for a week. The governor's new regulatory procedure that was in put into place after Isaias was proven to work well.[75] The Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management helped clean up damage from the storm.[76] Daniel McKee commended the work of the utility National Grid, praising the efforts to help restore power in Rhode Island. Power was expected to be recovered to all by August 25.[47] American Red Cross helped support recovery efforts in Monroe Township.[77]

Sewage was a concern for those in the community of Rossmoor, due to an overflowing of the system. Homes had to be abandoned due to water damage. Firefighters in Manchester, Connecticut helped evacuate 18 homes and made several rescues. President Biden declared disasters in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Vermont and Connecticut.[68] Over 200 residents of Helmetta fled to higher ground, and took refuge in hotels due to flooding.[69] Pennsylvania deployed 16 members of its federal disaster response team to Connecticut.[78] New York State's Attorney General, Letitia James, warned of price gouging of essential items, as Henri passed. On August 22, the Federal Government declared disasters for 26 New York counties.[79]

See also

References

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External links

  • The NHC's Advisory Archive on Hurricane Henri
  • The WPC's Advisory Archive on Hurricane Henri

hurricane, henri, minimal, category, hurricane, that, impacted, northeastern, united, states, eighth, named, storm, third, hurricane, 2021, atlantic, hurricane, season, henri, developed, from, well, defined, pressure, system, north, northeast, bermuda, becomin. Hurricane Henri ɒ n ˈ r iː ahn REE 1 was a minimal category 1 hurricane that impacted the Northeastern United States The eighth named storm and third hurricane of the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season Henri developed from a well defined low pressure system north northeast of Bermuda becoming a tropical depression on August 16 Nearly a day later the system strengthened into Tropical Storm Henri Henri continued to slowly move south and later southwest Henri strengthened steadily reaching its initial peak intensity with winds of 70 mph 110 km h and a pressure of 994 mbar 29 4 inHg early on August 19 Soon after strong wind shear weakened Henri slightly Eventually on August 21 Henri strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane before weakening back to a tropical storm and making landfall in Westerly Rhode Island on August 22 making it the second tropical cyclone to make landfall in the U S state of Rhode Island during the season seven weeks after Elsa It proceeded to move west northwestward weakening down to a tropical depression while greatly slowing down later that day On August 23 Henri degenerated into a remnant low over New England before dissipating on the next day over the Atlantic Hurricane HenriCategory 1 hurricane SSHWS NWS Hurricane Henri near peak intensity approaching New England on August 21FormedAugust 15 2021DissipatedAugust 25 2021 Post tropical after August 23 Highest winds1 minute sustained 75 mph 120 km h Lowest pressure986 mbar hPa 29 12 inHgFatalities2 directDamage 700 million 2021 USD Areas affectedBermuda Northeastern United States southern Nova ScotiaPart of the 2021 Atlantic hurricane seasonDespite its relatively weak intensity the storm brought very heavy rainfall over the Northeastern United States and New England causing widespread flooding in many areas including cities such as New York and Boston Power outages quickly became extensive in the region Wind damage was sparse in comparison In the aftermath of Henri many crews were put in place from around the United States to help with recovery efforts and rescues The storm caused less damage overall than initially feared due to a weaker landfall and faster weakening trend compared to what was previously forecast Henri continued to drop large amounts of rain as it weakened over land prolonging floods and power outages Henri killed two people and caused an estimated 700 million 2021 USD in damage 2 Contents 1 Meteorological history 2 Preparations 2 1 Bermuda 2 2 United States 3 Impact 3 1 United States 3 1 1 New York 3 1 2 Rhode Island 3 1 3 New Jersey 3 1 4 Connecticut 3 1 5 Massachusetts 3 1 6 Elsewhere 4 Aftermath 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksMeteorological history Edit Map plotting the storm s track and intensity according to the Saffir Simpson scaleMap keySaffir Simpson scale Tropical depression 38 mph 62 km h Tropical storm 39 73 mph 63 118 km h Category 1 74 95 mph 119 153 km h Category 2 96 110 mph 154 177 km h Category 3 111 129 mph 178 208 km h Category 4 130 156 mph 209 251 km h Category 5 157 mph 252 km h Unknown Storm type Tropical cyclone Subtropical cyclone Extratropical cyclone remnant low tropical disturbance or monsoon depression On August 14 a small low pressure area formed over 200 mi 320 km north northeast of Bermuda with disorganized convection or thunderstorms That same day the National Hurricane Center NHC first mentioned the weather system as an area of potential tropical cyclogenesis as the low drifted southward 3 The thunderstorms became more organized on August 15 4 In the early hours of August 16 the NHC classified the system as Tropical Depression Eight while it was located about 135 mi 230 km east northeast of Bermuda Warm water temperatures favorable for the system s development were counteracted by northerly wind shear The nascent depression moved slowly southwestward steered around a ridge off the coast of the Eastern United States 5 Later that day the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Henri after the storm s deep convection organized further near the center 6 By August 17 Henri was moving westward toward the Eastern United States Its convection evolved into curved rainbands and an eye feature was evident in the storm on Bermuda radar however it was still affected by the wind shear at the time 7 The shear and dry air caused the storm s structure to deteriorate on August 19 8 On August 20 Henri turned towards the north steering by an approaching trough over the Appalachians and a building ridge to the northeast of the storm 9 On August 21 at 15 00 UTC Henri became a Category 1 hurricane after reconnaissance aircraft found hurricane force winds 10 It would maintain hurricane intensity for another day before weakening back to a high end tropical storm at 11 00 UTC on August 22 as it approached southern New England 11 The storm made landfall on August 22 in Westerly Rhode Island around 16 15 UTC with maximum sustained winds of 60 mph 95 km h 12 The storm rapidly weakened after landfall weakening into a tropical depression early on the next day before becoming post tropical later that same day 13 14 Henri s remnants persisted for another day before dissipating off the coast of Nova Scotia 15 16 Preparations EditBermuda Edit Tropical Storm Henri southeast of Bermuda on August 17 At 03 00 UTC on August 16 when Tropical Depression Eight was designated the Bermuda Weather Service issued a tropical storm watch as tropical storm conditions were possible 17 When Henri started to move away from Bermuda the Bermuda Weather Service discontinued the tropical storm watch for the territory 18 United States Edit Governor of Massachusetts Charlie Baker held a press conference on August 20 He activated 1 000 members of the Massachusetts National Guard to assist with water rescues 19 In Newport Rhode Island a beach and a road were set to be closed Public Services crews were ordered to be on standby to respond to fallen trees 20 The Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection ordered campgrounds in the state to be closed from August 21 to August 23 21 On August 20 Governor Ned Lamont of Connecticut declared a state of emergency ahead of the arrival of the storm 22 Mandatory evacuations were ordered in several communities Storm surge flash flooding and high winds widespread throughout a large area were of the utmost concern preceding Henri s arrival Hundreds of flights were delayed or cancelled at major airports across LaGuardia John F Kennedy Logan and Newark Public transit including railway and ferries were suspended in these regions as well Inland residents were reminded that they could be hit hard as well coastal communities Tractor trailers were banned from driving on Interstate 95 in Connecticut at 15 00 UTC on August 22 Shelters were opened around New England In Massachusetts storm barriers abroad were closed to protect from potential flooding 23 Henri was expected to move to a stall over the Connecticut New York border highly exacerbating floods in the areas 24 New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy urged people to stay home during the storm and advising people to look out for flooding and power lines He made comparisons to Hurricane Sandy of 2012 which destroyed the state s coast being thankful that Henri was not as bad as it was previously anticipated His biggest concern was flooding in the state 25 President Joe Biden deployed the Federal Emergency Management Agency to help preparation efforts for Henri s damage on August 22 He also spoke with the governors of Connecticut Rhode Island and New York warning about the damage that could be done by the storm 26 The NHC placed most of the Northeast under a flooding risk from August 22 through early August 24 warning of heavy flooding in Poconos northern New Jersey New York City the Catskills Connecticut and western Massachusetts The entire risk zone was expected to see 3 6 inches of rain with isolated double digit totals 26 27 Flash flood watches remained in place as Henri slowed down over New England 28 Up to 33 million people were still under flood warnings on August 23 29 Impact EditUnited States Edit Tropical Storm Henri making landfall in Rhode Island on August 22 Power outages were widespread through most of New England due to Henri s impacts 30 23 At least 140 000 houses experienced outages across New Jersey to Maine 31 Conditions rapidly deteriorated the morning Henri made landfall with some areas going from calm weather to tropical storm conditions in just over half an hour 26 By the morning of August 23 over 65 000 were still without power 32 Henri had weakened more quickly over land than initially expected lessening overall impacts 33 Insured losses across the Northeast were estimated at 155 million by Karen Clark amp Co 34 New York Edit Record breaking rainfall of 1 94 inches 49 mm fell in just one hour in Central Park 35 the then wettest hour on record for New York City A concert which was to be held in Central Park was postponed that same night due to lightning and harsh weather 23 36 On Roosevelt Island the Four Freedoms State Park closed due to the inclement weather 37 A Major League Baseball game between the New York Yankees and Minneapolis Twins was also postponed 38 The hourly rainfall record was the wettest in 150 years and Brooklyn drivers abandoned their cars after waist deep flooding inundated their vehicles 39 4 45 inches 113 mm in total fell during August 21 the highest total in a day for the city since 2014 40 while the 7 01 inch 178 mm total was the highest since Irene in 2011 31 Great Gull Island clocked in a 72 mph 116 km h wind gust 30 41 Tuxedo Park collected 5 inches Henricks 6 inches 150 mm and Nyack allocated 3 6 inches 91 mm Parts of Staten Island had slightly more than 4 inches 100 mm of rainfall 40 Power outages decreased greatly on August 23 with 71 outages in Ulster County and 9 in Dutchess County 101 of Central Hudson Gas amp Electric Corp s more than 300 000 customers were without power that day In total a few thousand people had lost power at several points during August 21 and 22 Officials reported no flooded roads in Dutchess though there were some fallen trees Ulster had no reported major floods 42 Bronx River Parkway was closed for two days where crews scraped off four inches 10 centimeters of mud Saw Mill River Parkway was closed for two days as well 43 Henri s rainfall along with New York s 3rd wettest July 44 made 2021 the second wettest summer ever in New York City with 23 36 inches 593 mm in total on August 23 Nearly 2 months of rain fell in a day and a half in Central Park The city s storm sewer system which can only handle about 3 8 billion U S gallons 14 billion liters daily had over 42 billion US gal 160 billion L fall into it from Henri from August 21 22 Videos taken in the subway system showed rain pouring down however these led to a few disruptions in service 35 Rhode Island Edit On the morning of August 22 over 58 000 people were without power in Rhode Island with outages being particularly widespread in Washington County Wind gusts reached over 70 mph 110 km h 23 Trees and power lines were downed from the storm 30 Newport was spared from the worst of the storm A 30 foot 9 1 m sailboat named Paws washed up to shore in the city however its owner was not found 26 In Cranston there were 11 inches of rainfall causing flooding 45 Nearly 41 000 people were still without power the morning of August 23 46 75 percent of the town of South Kingstown lost power on August 22 The state was to have been hit an estimated 15 to 20 percent harder in power outages than Massachusetts and Connecticut 29 New Jersey Edit In New Jersey more than 8 inches 200 mm of rain fell in the town of Cranbury Up to 9 inches 230 mm of rain fell in the state bringing heavy flooding in multiple areas such as Jamesburg where heavy rain caused flooding on roads 23 Numerous roads were closed in Middlesex with vehicles submerged in floodwaters Homes were flooded with up to 3 feet 0 91 meters of water in Cranbury and some residences and businesses were flooded in Milltown 30 During the early afternoon of August 22 over 4 500 were reported without power in the state 25 Some places were flooded with up 4 feet 1 2 m of water and left behind 3 inches 7 6 cm of mud 47 Henri dropped 7 84 inches 199 mm of rain in Ringwood 6 94 inches 176 mm in Harrison and 5 65 inches 144 mm in Ship Bottom 40 Phil Murphy said that part of the state got crushed Houses in Rossmoor were swamped with floodwater some up to 2 feet 61 cm high 47 Spotswood had seen extensive structural damage including parts that were completely engulfed in water More than half of Helmetta s 73 houses suffered notable flooding damage 48 Hoboken and Jersey City both saw large amounts of flooding The former saw 2 43 inches 62 mm fall in 14 hours with a total of 4 07 inches 103 mm The rainfall was the most recorded in a single storm since 2016 The latter experienced city wide flooding with a particularly major incident near Bayside Park There sustained rainfall caused a 50 inch 1 27 m sewer line to collapse Many roads around the area were closed though only one was closed for the entire weekend A sink hole opened in Merseles Street 49 Over six point five inches 170 mm of rain fell in Ship Bottom where even more flooding was experienced Areas north of Brant Beach in Long Beach Township to Barnegat Light received 4 to 7 inches 100 to 180 mm of rain compared to the average of 2 to 4 inches 51 to 102 mm Harvey Cedars police chief Robert Burnaford said the borough had dodged a bullet 50 Connecticut Edit Saturated ground from the remnants of Fred just a few days prior to Henri s arrival worsened the flooding situation in the state as the storm passed over Governor Ned Lamont stated the rain was coming down in buckets 7 600 people were without power on the morning of August 22 23 Trees and wires were reported to be downed 30 Four nursing homes were evacuated when Henri made landfall Over 248 nursing homes were affected in the towns of Old Saybrook Mystic Guilford and West Haven 51 Soundview Beach s water overflowed causing Hubcap deep waters in the area 26 Approximately 9 000 of Eversource Energy s customers had no power The town of Canterbury reported a loss of power for 95 of their businesses and residences 52 A road in Manchester collapsed due to rainfall saturation 53 Rainfall totals for the state were much less than initially forecasted New London received the most where 3 7 inches 94 mm fell 1 56 inches 40 mm fell in Danbury 1 54 inches 39 mm in Shelton 1 17 inches 30 mm in Norwalk 1 08 inches 27 mm in Westport and exactly 1 inch 25 4 mm in Greenwich 40 In Pawcatuck a tree fell onto a home s roof damaging the roof and toppling the head of a chimney 54 30 cars in a parking lot were trapped due to flooding 55 Hartford s donation drive for Back To School efforts were hindered where as a delivery of 500 book bags was delayed 100 of these were ruined due to water damage 56 Botticello Farm in Manchester had suffered crop damage to their tobacco plants as well as their corn Overall Henri added to the struggle of farming in 2021 s summer due to excessive rainfall 57 The library in New Canaan had suffered minimal damage 58 Massachusetts Edit See also List of United States tornadoes from July to August 2021 August 23 event Wind gusts ranging from 40 to 60 miles per hour 64 to 97 km h were recorded 30 In Oxford a large tree was uprooted and fell onto and damaged a house The people residing inside the house survived The tree fell in part due to saturated grounds from the remnants of Tropical Storm Fred several days earlier A 300 year old home was damaged by a falling tree Some other trees fell on cars and blocked roadways 59 Henri also caused power outages in the state with Worcester County reporting the most outages 60 Due to the storm the game between the Boston Red Sox and Texas Rangers had to be postponed 61 Three EF0 tornadoes caused minor damage in Marlborough Stow and Bolton 60 62 One touched down west of Interstate 495 near the John J Carroll Water Treatment Plant and entered into a business park 63 Another tornado in Bolton downed trees with one of them falling on power lines A third one touched down near the Stow Police Department downing a large tree A waterspout formed over a lake in Ashburnham 60 Elsewhere Edit Two family members drowned near a pier in Oak Island North Carolina after being caught in strong rip currents produced as a result of Henri 64 In Pennsylvania 6 03 inches 153 mm fell in Albrightsville 5 80 inches 147 mm in Gouldsboro 5 68 inches 144 mm in Mount Pocono 5 54 inches 141 mm in Jim Thorpe 4 86 inches 123 mm in Stroudsburg and 4 29 inches 109 mm in Thornhurst These totals caused flooding in local areas 65 Major flooding was seen in Dunmore where a sewer was overflowed causing a temporary geyser Nearby basements and parking lots were damaged 66 Parx Racing was forced to reschedule the Grade III Parx Dash Stakes which was originally scheduled for August 24 2021 and moved to the following week due to the state of the turf track 67 States as far as Maine saw deluges due to Henri s large size and slow movement 68 There were hundreds of power outages in the state however outage numbers were much lower in Vermont and in New Hampshire 69 In New Hampshire portions of the White Mountain National Forest briefly closed due to the hurricane 70 Aftermath EditSeveral thousands of crews were put on stand by to respond to what was expected to be widespread power outages 23 29 For Connecticut some of the crews came from states as far away as Texas 51 People were rescued in New Jersey after very high flooding including 86 in Newark 25 54 69 16 were children 31 Rhode Island Governor Daniel McKee surveyed damage done by the storm in the southern region on August 22 71 Ned Lamont and Phil Murphy were set to tour damage on August 23 72 73 In South Kingstown and surrounding areas 500 line crews and an additional 200 street crews were deployed to help restore power as well as a state damage assessment team 29 Monroe Township opened a shelter on August 23 to help rescue those who lost their homes due to flooding or were suffering from power outages 74 On August 23 Lamont expressed confidence that nearly 90 percent of the state s 26 000 outages would be recovered by 6 p m that day These comments contrasted his statements from Isaias the previous year which knocked out power to 750 000 houses some for a week The governor s new regulatory procedure that was in put into place after Isaias was proven to work well 75 The Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management helped clean up damage from the storm 76 Daniel McKee commended the work of the utility National Grid praising the efforts to help restore power in Rhode Island Power was expected to be recovered to all by August 25 47 American Red Cross helped support recovery efforts in Monroe Township 77 Sewage was a concern for those in the community of Rossmoor due to an overflowing of the system Homes had to be abandoned due to water damage Firefighters in Manchester Connecticut helped evacuate 18 homes and made several rescues President Biden declared disasters in Massachusetts Rhode Island Vermont and Connecticut 68 Over 200 residents of Helmetta fled to higher ground and took refuge in hotels due to flooding 69 Pennsylvania deployed 16 members of its federal disaster response team to Connecticut 78 New York State s Attorney General Letitia James warned of price gouging of essential items as Henri passed On August 22 the Federal Government declared disasters for 26 New York counties 79 See also Edit Tropical cyclones portal United States portalWeather of 2021 Tropical cyclones in 2021 Other storms named Henri Timeline of the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season List of Category 1 Atlantic hurricanes Hurricane Carol 1954 one of the worst hurricanes to impact Connecticut and Rhode Island Hurricane Belle 1976 caused moderate damage along the East Coast of the United States Hurricane Bob 1991 one of the costliest hurricanes to impact New England Hurricane Irene 2011 affected the East Coast as a minimal hurricane Hurricane Sandy 2012 destructive hurricane which caused significant damage References Edit Atlantic Basin Storm Name Pronunciations PDF National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Archived PDF from the original on June 11 2021 Retrieved August 21 2021 Berg Robbie January 26 2022 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Henri PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Archived PDF from the original on January 25 2022 Retrieved January 25 2022 Papin Philippe Brown Daniel August 14 2021 Five Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 Brennan Michael Brown Daniel August 15 2021 Special Tropical Weather Outlook TXT Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Archived from the original on August 21 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 Zelinsky David August 16 2021 Tropical Depression Eight Discussion Number 1 Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Archived from the original on August 16 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 Zelinsky David August 16 2021 Tropical Storm Henri Discussion Number 4 Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Archived from the original on August 16 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 John Cangialosi August 17 2021 Tropical Storm Henri Discussion Number 8 Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Archived from the original on August 21 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 Robbie Berg August 19 2021 Tropical Storm Henri Discussion Number 14 Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Archived from the original on August 21 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 John Cangialosi August 20 2021 Tropical Storm Henri Discussion Number 20 Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Archived from the original on August 21 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 John Cangialosi August 21 2021 Hurricane Henri Advisory Number 23 Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Archived from the original on November 14 2021 Retrieved December 7 2021 Stacy R Stewart Dave Roberts August 22 2021 Tropical Storm Henri Tropical Cyclone Update Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Archived from the original on November 14 2021 Retrieved December 7 2021 Henri makes landfall in Westerly R I may stall over western Massachusetts Boston Massachusetts WCVB TV August 22 2021 Archived from the original on August 22 2021 Retrieved August 22 2021 Richard Pasch August 23 2021 Tropical Depression Henri Intermediate Advisory Number 28A Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Archived from the original on August 23 2021 Retrieved August 23 2021 William Churchill Lara Pagano August 23 2021 Post Tropical Cyclone Henri Advisory Number 32 www nhc noaa gov Report College Park Maryland Weather Prediction Center Archived from the original on August 23 2021 Retrieved August 23 2021 WPC Surface Analysis valid for 08 24 2021 at 21 UTC wpc ncep noaa gov Weather Prediction Center August 24 2021 Archived from the original on August 27 2021 Retrieved August 27 2021 WPC Surface Analysis valid for 08 25 2021 at 00 UTC wpc ncep noaa gov Weather Prediction Center August 25 2021 Archived from the original on August 27 2021 Retrieved August 27 2021 David Zelinsky August 15 2021 Tropical Depression Eight Advisory Number 1 Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Archived from the original on November 14 2021 Retrieved December 6 2021 Dave Roberts August 18 2021 Tropical Storm Henri Advisory Number 10 Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 21 2021 Puleo Mark August 20 2021 Cape Cod waterfront restaurant preparing for the worst as Henri looms Report AccuWeather Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 Newport Gearing Up for Hurricane Henri Report Newport Rhode Island Newport this week August 20 2021 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 21 2021 Naples Kaitlyn August 20 2021 Campgrounds to close this weekend ahead of Henri Report Rocky Hill Connecticut Eyewitness News Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 21 2021 Governor Lamont Declaring State of Emergency in Advance of Tropical Storm Henri Press release Hartford Connecticut August 20 2021 Archived from the original on August 21 2021 Retrieved August 21 2021 a b c d e f g More than 115 000 Power Outages Reported After Henri Makes Landfall With High Winds Flooding Rainfall The Weather Channel Articles from The Weather Channel weather com The Weather Channel Archived from the original on August 22 2021 Retrieved August 22 2021 Newman Andy Jimenez Jesus August 21 2021 Extreme Weather and Climate Updates Outer Bands of Hurricane Henri Reach New York The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 2 2023 a b c Guion Payton August 22 2021 Murphy concerned about flooding from Henri urges residents to stay home nj com Archived from the original on August 22 2021 Retrieved August 22 2021 a b c d e Gregg Aaron August 22 2021 Heavy rains swamp Eastern U S as Tropical Storm Henri makes landfall The Washington Post Archived from the original on August 22 2021 Retrieved August 22 2021 DeMola Pete Goodiwin Mike August 22 2021 Sprawling Henri soaks Capital Region Hudson Valley stoking fear of floods Times Union Archived from the original on August 23 2021 Retrieved August 23 2021 Skarupa Kevin August 23 2021 Tropical Depression Henri bringing showers some thunderstorms to southern New Hampshire WMUR Archived from the original on August 23 2021 Retrieved August 23 2021 a b c d Hollie Silverman and Michael Guy August 23 2021 Crews work to restore power for tens of thousands as Henri drenches the Northeast CNN Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 a b c d e f Tropical Storm Henri Plows Inland Over Southern New England With Flooding Rain Strong Winds The Weather Channel Articles from The Weather Channel weather com The Weather Channel Archived from the original on August 22 2021 Retrieved August 22 2021 a b c Newman Andy August 22 2021 Tropical Storm Henri Brings Power Outages and Record Rain to Northeast The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 23 2021 Retrieved August 23 2021 Guy Hollie Silverman Michael August 23 2021 Crews work to restore power for tens of thousands as Henri drenches the Northeast CNN Retrieved February 2 2023 Weakened Henri drenches U S Northeast heightening flood threat Reuters August 23 2021 Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 Matthew Lerner August 25 2021 Henri causes 155 million in losses in Northeast Business Insurance Journal Archived from the original on August 25 2021 Retrieved August 25 2021 a b Newman Andy August 23 2021 2 Months of Rain in a Day and a Half New York City Sets Records The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 Gardner Chris August 24 2021 Insanity in the VIP Tent Worker Shares Rollercoaster Night Working NYC s Homecoming Concert The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 Tropical Storm Henri Information Updates Roosevelt Island Operation Cooperation Yankees Twins postponed Sunday by Hurricane Henri Reschedule date Nj com August 21 2021 Drivers Rescued From Flooded Cars as Henri Gives NYC Rainiest Hour in History NBC New York Retrieved February 1 2023 a b c d How much rain did we get from Henri WNYW August 22 2021 Archived from the original on August 23 2021 Retrieved August 23 2021 Hurricane Henri Was Mainly a Rainfall Flooding Generator in the Northeast Including New York City RECAP The Weather Channel February 2 2022 Archived from the original on January 31 2022 Retrieved February 2 2022 Henri moves away and takes rain with it local power outages limited Daily Freeman August 23 2021 Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 Henri s Impact Major Parkways Closed For Second Day Due To Flooding WCBS TV August 23 2021 Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 Adame Eric August 2 2021 July brought NYC a lot of rain and smoke NY1 Retrieved December 28 2022 Kelleher Jack Perry and Caitlyn How much rain did Rhode Island get Here is the breakdown by community The Providence Journal Retrieved February 3 2023 Amaral Brian Kovatch Breanne Gagosz Alexa August 23 2021 More than 42 000 people without power in R I after Henri BostonGlobe com Retrieved February 2 2023 a b c Bacon John August 24 2021 Henri leaves 12B in damage in Northeast Some have lost everything USA Today Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 Henri leaves tens of thousands in the Northeast without power CBS News August 24 2021 Archived from the original on November 14 2021 Retrieved December 6 2021 Peter D Auria Teri West August 23 2021 Hoboken and Jersey City survey the damage left by Tropical Storm Henri nj Archived from the original on August 23 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 Englund Eric August 24 2021 Henri Wreaks Havoc on Ship Bottom Roads www thesandpaper net Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 a b Tracking Henri 4 Nursing Homes Evacuated As Parts Of Connecticut Experience Flooding Due To Storm Surge Heavy Rains WCBS TV August 2 2021 Archived from the original on August 22 2021 Retrieved August 22 2021 Canterbury residents clean up following Tropical Storm Henri fox61 com August 23 2021 Retrieved February 2 2023 Rain From Tropical Storm Henri Collapses Road in Manchester NBC Connecticut Retrieved February 2 2023 a b Lauren Fox Mark Puleo August 23 2021 Super soaker Henri deluges Northeast after rare New England landfall NorthcentralPA com Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 Engel Currie Perkins Julia August 23 2021 Henri brings some flooding to Danbury but little damage NewsTimes Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 Dominique Moody August 24 2021 Rain Tropical Storm Henri Ruin Parts of Back to School Collection Drive WVIT Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 Kaitlyn McGrath August 25 2021 Tropical Storm Henri Left Local Farmers Hurting Once Again WVIT Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 25 2021 Duffield Grace August 24 2021 New Canaan Library only experiences minor leaks during Henri New Canaan Advertiser Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 Kaitlin McKinley Becker Alysha Palumbo August 23 2021 Henri Sends Massive Trees Crashing Into Homes and Cars Across Mass WBTS CD Archived from the original on August 23 2021 Retrieved August 23 2021 a b c Cartolano Marco August 24 2021 Henri Hangs Tough Small Tornadoes Hit Marlborough Bolton and Stow Waterspout in Ashburnham According to NWS Worcester Telegram amp Gazette Archived from the original on December 7 2021 Retrieved December 7 2021 Sunday s Red Sox Game Postponed Due to Henri NBC Boston August 23 2021 NWS Confirms a Total of 3 Tornadoes On August 23 2021 From the Remnants Of Henri Report Iowa Environmental Mesonet National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Boston Norton Massachusetts August 23 2021 Archived from the original on August 23 2021 Retrieved August 23 2021 WATCH Bolton police chief captures video of confirmed tornado Retrieved February 3 2023 2 family members drown after being caught in rip current near Oak Island pier WSOC TV August 19 2021 Archived from the original on August 22 2021 Retrieved August 21 2021 Debicki Ally August 23 2021 FOX56 Forecast Rainfall Totals and Henri Impacts WOLF Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 Zayas Melanie August 23 2021 Tropical Storm Henri floods areas in Dunmore WOLF Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 BloodHorse Staff August 23 2021 Parx Dash Moved to Aug 31 Due to Rainy Conditions BloodHorse com Archived from the original on August 25 2021 Retrieved August 25 2021 a b Cleanup Begins In Soggy Northeast As Henri Plods Back To Sea NPR August 23 2021 Archived from the original on August 23 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 a b c David Porter Dave Collins August 24 2021 Henri s lazy remnants hinder cleanup threaten inland floods Bedford Gazette Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved December 6 2021 Davis Emily August 22 2021 White Mountain National Forest announces area closures in advance of Tropical Storm Henri USDS Forest Service Henri updates Closures cancelations other headlines WCVB August 22 2021 Archived from the original on August 22 2021 Retrieved August 22 2021 Cleanup Begins In Soggy Northeast As Henri Plods Back To Sea NPR August 23 2021 Jessica Beym August 23 2021 Murphy to tour flood damaged N J neighborhoods after Tropical Storm Henri nj Archived from the original on August 23 2021 Retrieved August 23 2021 Weakened Henri drenches U S Northeast heightening flood threat Reuters August 23 2021 Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 PURA Chief Utilities Prep for Henri Shows New Regulatory Structure is Working We Ha West Hartford News August 23 2021 Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 Department of Environmental Management cleans up after Henri WJAR August 23 2021 Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 Red Cross assists Monroe Township retirement community following Henri flooding News 12 The Bronx August 24 2021 Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 Pa urban rescue team in New England to assist with Henri flood response WITF August 24 2021 Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 Attorney General James warns about price gouging in aftermath of Hurricane Henri troyrecord August 24 2021 Archived from the original on August 25 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hurricane Henri 2021 The NHC s Advisory Archive on Hurricane Henri The WPC s Advisory Archive on Hurricane Henri Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hurricane Henri amp oldid 1144172587, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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