Zinc bromide (ZnBr2) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula ZnBr2. It is a colourless salt that shares many properties with zinc chloride (ZnCl2), namely a high solubility in water forming acidic solutions, and good solubility in organic solvents. It is hygroscopic and forms a dihydrate ZnBr2·2H2O.
ZnBr2 · 2H2O is prepared by treating zinc oxide or zinc metal with hydrobromic acid.[1]
ZnO + 2HBr + H2O → ZnBr2·2H2O
Zn + 2HBr → ZnBr2 + H2
The anhydrous material can be produced by dehydration of the dihydrate with hot CO2 or by reaction of zinc metal and bromine.[2] Sublimation in a stream of hydrogen bromide also gives the anhydrous derivative.[1]
Structureedit
ZnBr2 crystallizes in the same structure as ZnI2: four tetrahedral Zn centers share three vertices to form “super-tetrahedra” of nominal composition {Zn4Br10}2−, which are linked by their vertices to form a three-dimensional structure.[3] The dihydrate ZnBr2 · 2H2O can be described as ([Zn(H2O)6]2+)2([Zn2Br6]2-).[4]
Gaseous ZnBr2 is linear in accordance with VSEPR theory with a Zn-Br bond length of 221 pm.[5]
Usesedit
Zinc bromide is used in the following applications:[2]
In oil and natural gas wells, solutions containing zinc bromide are used to displace drilling mud when transitioning from the drilling phase to the completion phase or in well workover operations. The extremely dense brine solution gives the fluid its weight of 20 pounds/gallon, which makes it especially useful in holding back flammable oil and gas particles in high pressure wells. However, the high acidity and osmolarity cause corrosion and handling problems. Crews must be issued slicker suits and rubber boots because the fluid is so dehydrating.[6]
Zinc bromide solutions can be used as a transparent shield against radiation. The space between two glass panes is filled with a strong aqueous solution of zinc bromide with a very high density, to be used as a window on a hot cell. This type of window has the advantage over lead glass in that it will not darken as a result of exposure to radiation. All glass will darken slowly over time due to radiation, however this is especially true in a hot cell, where exceptional levels of radiation are present. The advantage of an aqueous salt solution is that any radiation damage will last less than a millisecond, so the shield will undergo self-repair.[7]
Safetyedit
Safety considerations are similar to those for zinc chloride, for which the toxic dose for humans is 3–5 g.[2]
^ abcF. Wagenknecht; R. Juza (1963). "Zinc bromide". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 1. NY, NY: Academic Press. p. 1071.
^ abcRohe, D. M.; Wolf, H. U. (2005). "Zinc Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a28_537. ISBN3527306730.
^Chieh, C.; White, M. A. (1984). "Crystal Structure of Anhydrous Zinc Bromide". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 166 (3–4): 189–197. Bibcode:1984ZK....166..189C. doi:10.1524/zkri.1984.166.3-4.189.
^Duhlev, R.; Brown, I. D.; Faggiani, R. (1988). "Zinc Bromide Dihydrate ZnBr2·2H2O: a Double-Salt Structure". Acta Crystallographica C. 44 (10): 1696–1698. doi:10.1107/S0108270188006584.
^Wells A. F. (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford Science Publications. ISBN0-19-855370-6.
^Blaylock, D. P.; Abu-Jawdeh, E. (January 1999). "The Georgia Institute of Technology High-Dose Gamma Irradiation Facility". 32nd Annual Midyear Meeting - Creation and Future Legacy of Stockpile Stewardship Isotope Production, Applications, and Consumption. Poster Session. Albuquerque, NM: Health Physics Society.
February 15, 2024
zinc, bromide, znbr2, inorganic, compound, with, chemical, formula, znbr2, colourless, salt, that, shares, many, properties, with, zinc, chloride, zncl2, namely, high, solubility, water, forming, acidic, solutions, good, solubility, organic, solvents, hygrosco. Zinc bromide ZnBr2 is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula ZnBr2 It is a colourless salt that shares many properties with zinc chloride ZnCl2 namely a high solubility in water forming acidic solutions and good solubility in organic solvents It is hygroscopic and forms a dihydrate ZnBr2 2H2O Zinc bromide NamesIUPAC name Zinc bromideOther names Zinc II bromide Zinc dibromideIdentifiersCAS Number 7699 45 8 Y3D model JSmol Interactive imageChemSpider 22790 YECHA InfoCard 100 028 836PubChem CID 24375RTECS number ZH1150000UNII OO7ZBU9703 YCompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID8052512InChI InChI 1S 2BrH Zn h2 1H q 2 p 2 YKey VNDYJBBGRKZCSX UHFFFAOYSA L YInChI 1 2BrH Zn h2 1H q 2 p 2Key VNDYJBBGRKZCSX NUQVWONBAGSMILES Br Zn BrPropertiesChemical formula ZnBr2Molar mass 225 198 g molAppearance white crystalline powder hygroscopicDensity 4 20 g cm3 20 C 4 22 g cm3 25 C Melting point 394 C 741 F 667 K Boiling point 697 C 1 287 F 970 K Solubility in water 388 g 100 mL 0 C 675 g 100 mL 100 C for the anhydrous material 1 Solubility very soluble in alcohol ether acetone tetrahydrofuranRefractive index nD 1 5452HazardsNFPA 704 fire diamond 300Flash point Non flammableSafety data sheet SDS External MSDSRelated compoundsOther anions Zinc fluoride Zinc chloride Zinc iodideOther cations Cadmium bromide Mercury II bromide Calcium bromideExcept where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa Y verify what is Y N Infobox references Contents 1 Production 2 Structure 3 Uses 4 Safety 5 See also 6 ReferencesProduction editZnBr2 2H2O is prepared by treating zinc oxide or zinc metal with hydrobromic acid 1 ZnO 2 HBr H2O ZnBr2 2H2O Zn 2 HBr ZnBr2 H2The anhydrous material can be produced by dehydration of the dihydrate with hot CO2 or by reaction of zinc metal and bromine 2 Sublimation in a stream of hydrogen bromide also gives the anhydrous derivative 1 Structure editZnBr2 crystallizes in the same structure as ZnI2 four tetrahedral Zn centers share three vertices to form super tetrahedra of nominal composition Zn4Br10 2 which are linked by their vertices to form a three dimensional structure 3 The dihydrate ZnBr2 2H2O can be described as Zn H2O 6 2 2 Zn2Br6 2 4 Gaseous ZnBr2 is linear in accordance with VSEPR theory with a Zn Br bond length of 221 pm 5 Uses editZinc bromide is used in the following applications 2 In organic chemistry as a Lewis acid It is the electrolyte in the zinc bromide battery In oil and natural gas wells solutions containing zinc bromide are used to displace drilling mud when transitioning from the drilling phase to the completion phase or in well workover operations The extremely dense brine solution gives the fluid its weight of 20 pounds gallon which makes it especially useful in holding back flammable oil and gas particles in high pressure wells However the high acidity and osmolarity cause corrosion and handling problems Crews must be issued slicker suits and rubber boots because the fluid is so dehydrating 6 Zinc bromide solutions can be used as a transparent shield against radiation The space between two glass panes is filled with a strong aqueous solution of zinc bromide with a very high density to be used as a window on a hot cell This type of window has the advantage over lead glass in that it will not darken as a result of exposure to radiation All glass will darken slowly over time due to radiation however this is especially true in a hot cell where exceptional levels of radiation are present The advantage of an aqueous salt solution is that any radiation damage will last less than a millisecond so the shield will undergo self repair 7 Safety editSafety considerations are similar to those for zinc chloride for which the toxic dose for humans is 3 5 g 2 See also editZinc chloride Zinc fluoride Zinc iodide Cadmium bromideReferences edit a b c F Wagenknecht R Juza 1963 Zinc bromide In G Brauer ed Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry 2nd Ed Vol 1 NY NY Academic Press p 1071 a b c Rohe D M Wolf H U 2005 Zinc Compounds Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Weinheim Wiley VCH doi 10 1002 14356007 a28 537 ISBN 3527306730 Chieh C White M A 1984 Crystal Structure of Anhydrous Zinc Bromide Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 166 3 4 189 197 Bibcode 1984ZK 166 189C doi 10 1524 zkri 1984 166 3 4 189 Duhlev R Brown I D Faggiani R 1988 Zinc Bromide Dihydrate ZnBr2 2H2O a Double Salt Structure Acta Crystallographica C 44 10 1696 1698 doi 10 1107 S0108270188006584 Wells A F 1984 Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th ed Oxford Science Publications ISBN 0 19 855370 6 Zinc Bromide drilling fluids Oilfield Glossary Schlumberger Blaylock D P Abu Jawdeh E January 1999 The Georgia Institute of Technology High Dose Gamma Irradiation Facility 32nd Annual Midyear Meeting Creation and Future Legacy of Stockpile Stewardship Isotope Production Applications and Consumption Poster Session Albuquerque NM Health Physics Society Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Zinc bromide amp oldid 1176612072, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
