The Ivchenko AI-20 is a Sovietturboprop engine developed by the Ivchenko design bureau in the 1950s. It has been built in large numbers, serving as the powerplant for both the Antonov An-12 transport and the Ilyushin Il-18 airliner.
The AI-20 was the first gas turbine engine developed by the design bureau led by Aleksandr Ivchenko based at Zaporizhia, USSR, which had previously concentrated on small piston engines such as the Ivchenko AI-14 and AI-26radials. It was designed as a prospective powerplant for the new, large Ilyushin Il-18 airliner and the Antonov An-10, to be powered by four turboprops, in competition with the KuznetsovNK-4 engines. Both engines were tested on the preproduction batch of 20 Il-18s, but the Ivchenko engine was chosen for full production,[1] possibly due to a crash caused by an inflight failure of an NK-4 engine, and possibly due to the desire for the engines of the Ukrainian An-10 to also be built in Ukraine.[2]
The Il-18B was powered by four Ivchenko AI-20A Series 1 turboprops, each providing a takeoff power of 2,985 kW (4,000 shp) and sustained power of 2,090 kW (2,800 shp) at cruise altitude. Early Il-18A production had initially been fitted with Kuznetsov NK-4 engines, but they were soon exchanged for AI-20s. Later Il-18B production featured AI-20A Series 2 engines, with the same power ratings, but with technical improvements, thus older machines were updated with the Series 2 powerplants. The AI-20s drove four-bladed variable pitch reversible props with a diameter of 4.5 meters (14 feet 9 inches), featuring prominent propeller spinners, and hydraulic actuation for prop pitch. The engines were mounted above the wing and featured integrated fire extinguishers. The engines were started with electric motors, the power for the motors being provided by a ground cart.[3]
The AI-20 is a single-shaft turboprop with a ten-stage axial compressor and a three-stage power turbine, and is designed to run at a constant speed.[4] A big problem with early production engines was the poor reliability of the AI-20 engines, which had a time between overhauls (TBO) in the range of 600 to 750 hours. The AI-20K engine variant was finally introduced, with a TBO of 2,000 hours – unimpressive by modern standards, but a big improvement. One issue that was never addressed was noise; turboprops are relatively noisy and high noise levels were a problem for the passengers. As mentioned, the overhaul life of the engine was initially poor compared with contemporary western engines, being reported as 600–750 hours in 1964,[5] but was later improved by continuous development to 8,000 hours, with a service life of 22,000 hours in the AI-20D series 5M.[6]
Serial production was carried out at Zaporozhye (Motor Sich) and at Perm Engine Plant (UEC-Perm Engines), USSR in 1958, also being built under licence in China as the WJ-6. About 14,000 AI-20s have been built in total.[7]
Variantsedit
AI-20A series 1
Initial production variant for early version of IL-18 producing 2,985 kW (4,000 shp). TBO was horrendous at 200–400 hrs.
AI-20A series 2
Improved production variant with same power ratings but technical improvements; older airplanes were updated with the Series 2 engines. TBO was still poor (600–750 hrs)
AI-20K
Reliability and durability was addressed with this much improved variant. TBO went up to 2,000 hours. This became the standard production variant.
AI-20M
This variant was a significant improvement over the earlier engine variants in all respects. The AI-20M raised takeoff power from 2,985 kW (4,000 shp) to 3,169 kW (4,250 shp), improving takeoff performance under "hot and high" conditions and permitting higher takeoff weights. Higher continuous power ratings were also attained (2700 shp) which made for more efficient cruise. Beyond these, the AI-20M also had good reliability, was lighter, and in particular featured much improved SFC.[3]
AI-20D
This variant saw significant improvement in power output. Fuel economy was also marginally improved. AI-20D is also often referred to as AI-20D series 4. Power was uprated to a massive 5,180 shp.
AI-20D series 5
This variant builds on the previous success of the series 4 variant. Most performance parameters remained the same with the only major improvement being in the area of reliability and durability. The TBO/Service life was improved to 6000 hrs / 20,000 hrs respectively.
AI-20D series 5M or AI-20DM
This is the final variant developed. The AI-20DM is essentially the same with the AI-20D series 5, the only difference being in the power setting. The AI-20DM is derated to 4,750 shp (take-off power) which allows the engine to have extended life and increased TBO. The Time before overhaul (TBO) is consequently increased to 8000 hrs with a Service life of 22,000 hrs.[8]
ivchenko, soviet, turboprop, engine, developed, ivchenko, design, bureau, 1950s, been, built, large, numbers, serving, powerplant, both, antonov, transport, ilyushin, airliner, turboprop, engine, type, turboprop, national, origin, soviet, union, manufacturer, . The Ivchenko AI 20 is a Soviet turboprop engine developed by the Ivchenko design bureau in the 1950s It has been built in large numbers serving as the powerplant for both the Antonov An 12 transport and the Ilyushin Il 18 airliner AI 20 Ivchenko AI 20M turboprop engine Type Turboprop National origin Soviet Union Manufacturer Ivchenko ZMKB Progress PMZ Perm AI22 also in KMPO plant Major applications Antonov An 10Antonov An 12Ilyushin Il 18 Contents 1 Design and development 2 Variants 3 Applications 3 1 AI 20 3 2 WJ 6 4 Specifications AI 20D series 5 4 1 General characteristics 4 2 Components 4 3 Performance 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksDesign and development editThe AI 20 was the first gas turbine engine developed by the design bureau led by Aleksandr Ivchenko based at Zaporizhia USSR which had previously concentrated on small piston engines such as the Ivchenko AI 14 and AI 26 radials It was designed as a prospective powerplant for the new large Ilyushin Il 18 airliner and the Antonov An 10 to be powered by four turboprops in competition with the Kuznetsov NK 4 engines Both engines were tested on the preproduction batch of 20 Il 18s but the Ivchenko engine was chosen for full production 1 possibly due to a crash caused by an inflight failure of an NK 4 engine and possibly due to the desire for the engines of the Ukrainian An 10 to also be built in Ukraine 2 The Il 18B was powered by four Ivchenko AI 20A Series 1 turboprops each providing a takeoff power of 2 985 kW 4 000 shp and sustained power of 2 090 kW 2 800 shp at cruise altitude Early Il 18A production had initially been fitted with Kuznetsov NK 4 engines but they were soon exchanged for AI 20s Later Il 18B production featured AI 20A Series 2 engines with the same power ratings but with technical improvements thus older machines were updated with the Series 2 powerplants The AI 20s drove four bladed variable pitch reversible props with a diameter of 4 5 meters 14 feet 9 inches featuring prominent propeller spinners and hydraulic actuation for prop pitch The engines were mounted above the wing and featured integrated fire extinguishers The engines were started with electric motors the power for the motors being provided by a ground cart 3 The AI 20 is a single shaft turboprop with a ten stage axial compressor and a three stage power turbine and is designed to run at a constant speed 4 A big problem with early production engines was the poor reliability of the AI 20 engines which had a time between overhauls TBO in the range of 600 to 750 hours The AI 20K engine variant was finally introduced with a TBO of 2 000 hours unimpressive by modern standards but a big improvement One issue that was never addressed was noise turboprops are relatively noisy and high noise levels were a problem for the passengers As mentioned the overhaul life of the engine was initially poor compared with contemporary western engines being reported as 600 750 hours in 1964 5 but was later improved by continuous development to 8 000 hours with a service life of 22 000 hours in the AI 20D series 5M 6 Serial production was carried out at Zaporozhye Motor Sich and at Perm Engine Plant UEC Perm Engines USSR in 1958 also being built under licence in China as the WJ 6 About 14 000 AI 20s have been built in total 7 Variants editAI 20A series 1 Initial production variant for early version of IL 18 producing 2 985 kW 4 000 shp TBO was horrendous at 200 400 hrs AI 20A series 2 Improved production variant with same power ratings but technical improvements older airplanes were updated with the Series 2 engines TBO was still poor 600 750 hrs AI 20K Reliability and durability was addressed with this much improved variant TBO went up to 2 000 hours This became the standard production variant AI 20M This variant was a significant improvement over the earlier engine variants in all respects The AI 20M raised takeoff power from 2 985 kW 4 000 shp to 3 169 kW 4 250 shp improving takeoff performance under hot and high conditions and permitting higher takeoff weights Higher continuous power ratings were also attained 2700 shp which made for more efficient cruise Beyond these the AI 20M also had good reliability was lighter and in particular featured much improved SFC 3 AI 20D This variant saw significant improvement in power output Fuel economy was also marginally improved AI 20D is also often referred to as AI 20D series 4 Power was uprated to a massive 5 180 shp AI 20D series 5 This variant builds on the previous success of the series 4 variant Most performance parameters remained the same with the only major improvement being in the area of reliability and durability The TBO Service life was improved to 6000 hrs 20 000 hrs respectively AI 20D series 5M or AI 20DM This is the final variant developed The AI 20DM is essentially the same with the AI 20D series 5 the only difference being in the power setting The AI 20DM is derated to 4 750 shp take off power which allows the engine to have extended life and increased TBO The Time before overhaul TBO is consequently increased to 8000 hrs with a Service life of 22 000 hrs 8 Applications editAI 20 edit Antonov An 8 Antonov An 10 Antonov An 12 Antonov An 32 Beriev Be 12 Ilyushin Il 18 Ilyushin Il 38 Tupolev Tu 4 KJ 1 AEWC WJ 6 edit Shaanxi Y 8 Shaanxi Y 9 Qing 6 Chinese upgraded Be 6 airframe AVIC AG600 amphibian Xi an KJ 600 carrier onboard deliverySpecifications AI 20D series 5 editData from Jane s All The World s Aircraft 1993 94 9 Motor Sich website 8 Aircraft engines of the World 1970 10 General characteristics Type Single shaft turboprop Length 3 096 mm 121 9 in Diameter 450 mm 18 in intake casing 10 Width 842 mm 33 1 in Height 11 802 mm 464 6 in Dry weight 1 040 kg 2 290 lb Components Compressor 10 stage axial compressor with 4 bypass valves for starting and transient ratings Combustors Annular with 10 burner cones Turbine 3 stage axial flow Fuel type Aviation Kerosene fuels such as JP 4 Oil system Pressure type feed fully recirculating Performance Maximum power output 3 170 kW 4 250 shp equivalent for take off at 12 300 rpm at sea level 2 900 kW 3 900 shp 2 35 kN 529 lbf Max cruise power 2 600 kW 3 500 shp equivalent at 630 km h 390 mph 340 kn at 8 000 m 26 000 ft Engine operating rpm 12 300 rpm Engine ground idle 10 400 rpm Overall pressure ratio 7 6 1 take off to 9 2 1 cruise Air mass flow 20 7 kg s 46 lb s at 12 300 rpm Turbine inlet temperature TIT max 1 170 K 900 C at sea level JPT 833 K 560 C Specific fuel consumption Take off s f c 0 322 kg kWh 0 529 lb hp h Cruise s f c 0 264 kg kWh 0 434 lb hp h Power to weight ratio 3 07 kW kg 1 87 shp lb equivalent take off power 10 See also editComparable engines Allison T56 Bristol Proteus General Electric T64 Pratt amp Whitney Canada PW100 Rolls Royce Tyne Related lists List of aircraft enginesReferences edit Stroud John 1968 Soviet transport aircraft since 1945 1st ed London Putnam p 113 ISBN 9780370001265 Alexandrov Nikolai Tot samyj NK aviation ru in Russian Moscow Archived from the original on 14 May 2011 Retrieved 23 March 2019 a b The Ilyushin Il 18 amp Il 38 www airvectors net Retrieved 23 March 2019 Gunston Bill 1987 World encyclopaedia of aero engines Reprint ed Wellingborough Stephens p 81 ISBN 978 0 85059 717 2 Under the Il 18 s Cowlings Flight International 85 2862 85 16 January 1964 Retrieved 23 March 2019 HISTORY OF SE IVCHENKO PROGRESS FOUNDATION ivchenko progress com Ivchenko Progress Retrieved 23 March 2019 Zaporozhye Machine Building Design Bureau Progress State Enterprise Named After Academician A G Ivchenko SE Ivchenko Progress History Oof SE Ivchenko Progress ivchenko progress com Ivenchko Progress 2007 Archived from the original on 26 July 2011 Retrieved 23 March 2019 a b AI 20 motorsich com ua Retrieved 23 March 2019 Taylor Michael J H Lambert Mark Munson Kenneth eds 1993 Jane s all the World s Aircraft 1993 94 84th ed Coulson Surrey UK Jane s Information Group p 650 ISBN 978 0710610669 a b c Wilkinson Paul H 1970 Aircraft engines of the World 1970 21st ed Washington D C Paul H Wilkinson p 217 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ivchenko AI 20 Motorsich Archived 2014 03 25 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ivchenko AI 20 amp oldid 1207923244, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
