Carrier onboard delivery (COD) is the use of aircraft to ferry personnel, mail, supplies, and high-priority cargo, such as replacement parts, from shore bases to an aircraft carrier at sea.[1] Several types of aircraft, including helicopters, have been used by navies in the COD role. The Grumman C-2 Greyhound has been the United States Navy's primary COD aircraft since the mid-1960s.[2]
A Gannet COD.4 from HMS Victorious(R38) aboard USS Bennington in 1965A C-1A Trader in 1987US-3A of VRC-50 in 1987
Early United States Navy (USN) recognition of need for a cargo plane capable of carrier landings resulted in airframe conversion of Grumman TBM-3 Avenger torpedo bombers to unarmed seven-passenger COD aircraft designated TBM-3R. Replacement of TBM-3Rs began in the late 1950s. Grumman built a cargo variant of its twin-piston-engined Grumman S-2 Trackeranti-submarine warfare bomber as the C-1A Trader. (Contrary to popular belief,[3]C-130 Hercules was not tested for COD.[4]) In the late 1960s Grumman began production of a cargo variant of its twin-turboprop E-2 HawkeyeAirborne Early Warning aircraft known as the C-2A Greyhound. Five Lockheed US-3A Viking aircraft were also used from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s. The C-2 has remained the U.S. Navy's primary COD vehicle since that time.
Several U.S. Navy "Fleet Logistics Support Squadrons" provided COD services aboard carriers since the World War II, including VR-5, VR-21, VR-22, VR-23, VR-24, VRC-30, VRC-40, and VRC-50.[citation needed] On 6 October 2012, a MV-22 tilt-rotor aircraft from squadron VMM-165 landed and refueled on board USS Nimitz(CVN-68). This operation was part of an evaluation of the feasibility of the MV-22 as a potential replacement for the current C-2 cargo transport aircraft.[5][6] Further cargo handling trials took place in 2013 on Harry S. Truman.[7]
In April 2014 Lockheed Martin announced that they would offer refurbished and remanufactured Lockheed S-3 Vikings as a replacement for the decades-old Northrop Grumman C-2A Greyhound on-board carrier delivery aircraft. Dubbed the C-3, the aircraft would have a wider fuselage, but would retain the original wings, tail assembly, engines and crew compartment. With an unrefueled range of 2,400 nautical miles (4,400 km; 2,800 mi) carrying a 10,000-pound (4,500 kg) load, Lockheed stated that the C-3 would have twice the range of a new C-2, and triple the range of a V-22 Osprey. Unlike other competitors, the C-3 could meet the critical requirement to transport replacement Pratt & Whitney jet engines for the F-35. The requirement for 35 aircraft would be met from the 91 S-3s currently in storage.[8] In 2015, the Navy published a memorandum of understanding (MoU) for using 4 to 12 HV-22s as COD.[9][10] On 3 February 2016, the future COD version was designated as the CMV-22B.[11]
List of COD aircraftedit
A TBM-3R COD plane in the early 1950sA CMV-22 Osprey landing on the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz
Several aircraft types have been specifically designed or modified for COD missions:
^"United States Navy Fact File". United States Navy. United States Navy. April 4, 2013. from the original on April 17, 2016. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
^Wragg, David W. (1973). A Dictionary of Aviation (first ed.). Osprey. p. 87. ISBN9780850451634.
^"Hercules Is The Biggest Plane In History To Do This". World War Wings. from the original on 31 December 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
^Carroll, Ward (2022-02-03). Here's How a Fighter Pilot Landed a Cargo Plane on a Carrier (video). YouTube.
^"MV-22 Osprey Flight Operations Tested Aboard USS Nimitz". Avionics Intelligence. PennWell Corporation. October 9, 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-09.[permanent dead link]
^Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Renee Candelario, USN (October 8, 2012). "MV-22 Osprey Flight Operations Tested Aboard USS Nimitz". NNS121008-13. USS Nimitz Public Affairs. from the original on 2013-05-24. Retrieved 2011-10-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Butler, Amy (18 April 2013). . Aviation Week. The McGraw-Hill Companies. Archived from the original on 2013-05-20. Retrieved 18 April 2013. Video 2016-02-12 at the Wayback Machine
^Lockheed Revives an Old Idea for New Carrier Cargo Plane
^Whittle, Richard. "Navy Decides to Buy V-22 Ospreys for Carrier Delivery 2017-12-01 at the Wayback Machine" Breaking Defense, 13 January 2015.
^Navy and Marines Sign MOU for Bell-Boeing Osprey to be Next Carrier Delivery Aircraft 2015-01-18 at the Wayback Machine - News.USNI.org, 13 January 2015
^. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-02-21.
External linksedit
"Carrier Onboard Delivery" By Tommy H. Thomason
February 24, 2024
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Carrier onboard delivery news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message Carrier onboard delivery COD is the use of aircraft to ferry personnel mail supplies and high priority cargo such as replacement parts from shore bases to an aircraft carrier at sea 1 Several types of aircraft including helicopters have been used by navies in the COD role The Grumman C 2 Greyhound has been the United States Navy s primary COD aircraft since the mid 1960s 2 USS George Washington CVN 73 crew unload mail from two C 2A Greyhounds in 2011 Contents 1 History 2 List of COD aircraft 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory edit nbsp A Gannet COD 4 from HMS Victorious R38 aboard USS Bennington in 1965 nbsp A C 1A Trader in 1987 nbsp US 3A of VRC 50 in 1987Early United States Navy USN recognition of need for a cargo plane capable of carrier landings resulted in airframe conversion of Grumman TBM 3 Avenger torpedo bombers to unarmed seven passenger COD aircraft designated TBM 3R Replacement of TBM 3Rs began in the late 1950s Grumman built a cargo variant of its twin piston engined Grumman S 2 Tracker anti submarine warfare bomber as the C 1A Trader Contrary to popular belief 3 C 130 Hercules was not tested for COD 4 In the late 1960s Grumman began production of a cargo variant of its twin turboprop E 2 Hawkeye Airborne Early Warning aircraft known as the C 2A Greyhound Five Lockheed US 3A Viking aircraft were also used from the early 1980s to the mid 1990s The C 2 has remained the U S Navy s primary COD vehicle since that time Several U S Navy Fleet Logistics Support Squadrons provided COD services aboard carriers since the World War II including VR 5 VR 21 VR 22 VR 23 VR 24 VRC 30 VRC 40 and VRC 50 citation needed On 6 October 2012 a MV 22 tilt rotor aircraft from squadron VMM 165 landed and refueled on board USS Nimitz CVN 68 This operation was part of an evaluation of the feasibility of the MV 22 as a potential replacement for the current C 2 cargo transport aircraft 5 6 Further cargo handling trials took place in 2013 on Harry S Truman 7 In April 2014 Lockheed Martin announced that they would offer refurbished and remanufactured Lockheed S 3 Vikings as a replacement for the decades old Northrop Grumman C 2A Greyhound on board carrier delivery aircraft Dubbed the C 3 the aircraft would have a wider fuselage but would retain the original wings tail assembly engines and crew compartment With an unrefueled range of 2 400 nautical miles 4 400 km 2 800 mi carrying a 10 000 pound 4 500 kg load Lockheed stated that the C 3 would have twice the range of a new C 2 and triple the range of a V 22 Osprey Unlike other competitors the C 3 could meet the critical requirement to transport replacement Pratt amp Whitney jet engines for the F 35 The requirement for 35 aircraft would be met from the 91 S 3s currently in storage 8 In 2015 the Navy published a memorandum of understanding MoU for using 4 to 12 HV 22s as COD 9 10 On 3 February 2016 the future COD version was designated as the CMV 22B 11 List of COD aircraft edit nbsp A TBM 3R COD plane in the early 1950s nbsp A CMV 22 Osprey landing on the aircraft carrier USS NimitzSeveral aircraft types have been specifically designed or modified for COD missions Bell Boeing CMV 22B Osprey Fairey Gannet COD 4 Grumman General Motors TBM 3R Avenger Grumman TF C 1 Trader Grumman C 2 Greyhound Lockheed US 3A Viking Xi an KJ 600See also editMilitary logistics Seabasing Sealift Underway replenishment Vertical replenishment VERTREP References edit United States Navy Fact File United States Navy United States Navy April 4 2013 Archived from the original on April 17 2016 Retrieved April 24 2013 Wragg David W 1973 A Dictionary of Aviation first ed Osprey p 87 ISBN 9780850451634 Hercules Is The Biggest Plane In History To Do This World War Wings Archived from the original on 31 December 2015 Retrieved 29 December 2015 Carroll Ward 2022 02 03 Here s How a Fighter Pilot Landed a Cargo Plane on a Carrier video YouTube MV 22 Osprey Flight Operations Tested Aboard USS Nimitz Avionics Intelligence PennWell Corporation October 9 2012 Retrieved 2012 10 09 permanent dead link Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Renee Candelario USN October 8 2012 MV 22 Osprey Flight Operations Tested Aboard USS Nimitz NNS121008 13 USS Nimitz Public Affairs Archived from the original on 2013 05 24 Retrieved 2011 10 09 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Butler Amy 18 April 2013 Osprey on the Truman Fishing for COD Aviation Week The McGraw Hill Companies Archived from the original on 2013 05 20 Retrieved 18 April 2013 Video Archived 2016 02 12 at the Wayback Machine Lockheed Revives an Old Idea for New Carrier Cargo Plane Whittle Richard Navy Decides to Buy V 22 Ospreys for Carrier Delivery Archived 2017 12 01 at the Wayback Machine Breaking Defense 13 January 2015 Navy and Marines Sign MOU for Bell Boeing Osprey to be Next Carrier Delivery Aircraft Archived 2015 01 18 at the Wayback Machine News USNI org 13 January 2015 V 22 Navy variant receives official designation NAVAIR U S Navy Naval Air Systems Command Navy and Marine Corps Aviation Research Development Acquisition Test and Evaluation Archived from the original on 2016 03 03 Retrieved 2016 02 21 External links edit Carrier Onboard Delivery By Tommy H Thomason Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Carrier onboard delivery amp oldid 1207921648, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
