fbpx
Wikipedia

Zero Hedge

May 05, 2023

Zero Hedge (or ZeroHedge)[b] is a far-right[13] libertarian[18] financial blog and news aggregator.[14][15][19] Zero Hedge, per its motto,[a] is bearish in its investment outlook and analysis, often deriving from its adherence to the Austrian School of economics and credit cycles.[23] While often labeled as a financial permabear,[24][25] Zero Hedge has also been described as a source of "cutting-edge news, rumors and gossip in the financial industry".[26]

Zero Hedge
Motto: On a long enough timeline the survival rate for everyone drops to zero[a]
Type of site
  • Capital markets finance blog
  • News and political opinion
Available inEnglish
OwnerABC Media Limited (Bulgaria)[1]
Created byDaniel Ivandjiiski
Editor
  • Daniel Ivandjiiski
  • Tim Backshall
URLzerohedge.com
CommercialYes (free content, paid advertising)
RegistrationOptional. Registration is required to post comments.
Launched9 January 2009; 14 years ago (2009-01-09)[2]
Current statusOnline

Over time, Zero Hedge expanded into non-financial political content,[c] including conspiracy theories and fringe rhetoric[3][28] advancing radical right,[15][29] alt-right,[30][31][32] and pro-Russia positions.[1][33][34][35] Zero Hedge's non-financial commentary has led to multiple site bans by global social media platforms, although its 2019 Facebook ban[36][37] and 2020 Twitter ban were later reversed.[15][38]

Zero Hedge in-house content is posted under the pseudonym "Tyler Durden"; the founder and main editor was identified as Daniel Ivandjiiski.[27]

History and authorship

See also: Daniel Ivandjiiski

Zero Hedge's first post appeared on 9 January 2009 at 4pm,[39][2] and the domain was registered on 11 January 2009 under the name Krassimir Ivandjiiski of ABC Media Ltd, the father of Daniel Ivandjiiski, who founded Zero Hedge.[40] According to the Boston Business Journal, the website "publishes financial news and opinion, aggregated and original" from a number of writers "who purportedly hail from within the financial industry."[41] Almost all in-house articles are signed under the collective pseudonym, "Tyler Durden", a character in the Chuck Palahniuk book and movie Fight Club.[41][2]

In September 2009, news reports identified Daniel Ivandjiiski, a Bulgarian-born, U.S.-educated,[d] former hedge-fund trader, who was barred from the securities industry in September 2008 for earning US$780 from an insider trade by FINRA,[42] as the founder of the site, and reported that "Tyler Durden" was a pseudonym for Ivandjiiski.[2][43] FINRA rulings show Ivandjiiski worked for 3 years at New York investment bank, Jefferies & Co.,[44] as well a number of hedge funds, the last of which was Wexford Capital LLC, a fund led by former Goldman Sachs traders. [45] One site contributor, who spoke to New York magazine in an interview arranged by Ivandjiiski, said "up to 40" people could post under the "Tyler Durden" pseudonym.[2] The same New York magazine article, published on 27 September 2009, stated that Ivandjiiski's father was Krassimir Ivandjiiski,[2] a Bulgarian publisher and editor of the pro-Russia right-wing conspiracy theory website Strogo Sekretno ("Top Secret"),[1] and monthly publication Bulgarian Confidential, since 1994.[e][1]

The domain zerohedge.com is registered in Bulgaria to a company called ABC Media Ltd, managed by Krassimir Ivandjiiski.[1]

In a 29 April 2016 Bloomberg article "Unmasking Zero Hedge",[27] the authors writing as "Tyler Durden" were revealed as Ivandjiiski, then age 37, Tim Backshall, age 45 (a credit derivatives strategist),[47] and Colin Lokey, age 32 (a Seeking Alpha staff writer).[48] Lokey, the newest member, who joined in 2015, publicly revealed himself and the other two, when he left the site in April 2016.[49] Ivandjiiski confirmed the three men "had been the only Tyler Durdens on the payroll" since Lokey joined in 2015.[27] Lokey said he was paid $6,000 per month, and received a bonus of $50,000, earning over $100,000 in 2015.[27] According to Ivandjiiski, the blog generates revenue from online advertising (there is no subscription service).[27]

In March 2020, Bulgarian litigation between Krassimir Ivandjiiski and U.S. journalist Seth Hettena revealed further details about the Ivandjiiski family and the site's ownership.[1]

Site bans

On 12 March 2019, Bloomberg reported that Facebook had banned users from sharing Zero Hedge posts three days earlier.[36] MarketWatch, noting that Zero Hedge is a "frequent critic of Facebook", reported that the ban was lifted later that day with Facebook saying that the ban was a "mistake with our automation to detect spam".[37] Business Insider, describing Zero Hedge as "a favorite of City and Wall Street traders, known for its anti-establishment and bearish slant on financial topics", noted that Donald Trump Jr. and Nigel Farage raised objections to Facebook's censure of Zero Hedge.[50]

Australian telecom company Telstra temporarily denied access to Zero Hedge and other websites on 20 March 2019 as a result of the Christchurch mosque shootings.[51][52][53]

On 20 January 2020, Zero Hedge's Twitter account, which then had 670,000 followers, was "permanently suspended" from Twitter for violating their platform manipulation policy.[14][54] Bloomberg reported that Zero Hedge had been informed by Twitter that the suspension was as a result of an article titled: "Is This The Man Behind The Global Coronavirus Pandemic?", in which they doxed a Chinese virologist at the Wuhan Institute of Virology.[29][15][55] On 12 June 2020, Twitter reinstated the account after an appeal from Zero Hedge and stated that the suspension was an error.[38]

Zero Hedge was banned from the Google Ads platform on 17 June 2020. An email from Google to NBC said that Zero Hedge violated Google's content policy that "explicitly prohibit[s] derogatory content that promotes hatred, intolerance, violence or discrimination based on race from monetizing." The violating comments were found on stories related to George Floyd protests.[56][57] Google lifted the ban in July 2020, after the management of Zero Hedge began moderating comments.[58]

Zero Hedge revealed on 17 June 2020 that PayPal had, like Google, deplatformed the site,[59] and they would only be able to accept cryptocurrency payments in the future.[60]

Following a community discussion in July 2020, the online encyclopedia Wikipedia ruled that Zero Hedge did not meet the standards for a reliable source as understood by the community and could not be cited as a source for any claims of fact in the encyclopedia.[61][circular reference]

Manifesto and views

At its creation in January 2009, Zero Hedge published a manifesto on the objectives of the site.[62]

Financial views

 
Recreation of a typical Zero Hedge chart from BIS data of G3 central bank balance sheets: FEB, ECB and BOJ
 
Recreation of a typical Zero Hedge chart from BIS and Bloomberg, showing the G3 central bank balance sheets: FEB, ECB and the BOJ versus the share price of Amazon (AMZN)
 
Recreation of a typical Zero Hedge chart from BIS and Bloomberg, showing the G3 central bank balance sheets: FEB, ECB and the BOJ versus the MSCI U.S. Stock Market

The most strongly held belief by Zero Hedge is in Austrian economics, and that economic cycles are really credit cycles, and that the quantitative easing ("QE") by global central banks is a temporary and artificial asset-price support scheme, that makes the credit cycle even more extreme; and hence the site's strongly bearish views.[f][23] As a result of this view, Zero Hedge supports assets that are outside of the central banking system, including precious metals and gold,[26][63] and even cryptocurrencies. The site is strongly against Keynesian economics,[64] and sees quantitative easing as a Keynesian "money printing trick",[65] and vilifies advocates of this approach, such as Paul Krugman in particular.[66][g] The site praises writers with similar views, such Albert Edwards and John Hussman.

Critics of Zero Hedge label the site a "permabear",[25] whose views missed the global recovery since 2013. Zero Hedge responds that the since 2013, global central banks have undertaken a continuous program of quantitative easing ("QE") (e.g. aggregate monthly easing has rarely dropped below the level of QE1 or QE2, see graphic opposite),[67] and when QE1 and QE2 ended, markets collapsed. The site references Japan, whose market set new lows after each round of QE, from 1994 to 2013,[68] and where the latest round of QE, started in 2013, has seen the BOJ become a dominant owner of the Nikkei 225.[69][70]

Zero Hedge maintains financial views/theories which are considered conspiratorial, and/or hard-to-prove or unprovable;[71][24] notable views include:[h]

  1. Price manipulation by high-frequency trading ("HFT"). The belief that investment banks/funds use HFT/"dark pools" to manipulate prices;[i]
  2. Precious metals manipulation. The belief that investment banks manipulate precious metals prices to suit their derivative books;[j]
  3. Plunge-protection-team ("PPT"). The belief that central banks intervene in markets on a frequent, almost daily basis, to support prices;[k]
  4. U.S banks front running the U.S. FED. The belief that U.S. investment banks, most profitable of all global investment banks, have knowledge of PPT trades;[l]
  5. Market illiquidity. The belief that market liquidity, when HFT and PPT flows are taken out, is low, implying prices are artificial;[m]
  6. Chinese fraud. The belief that Chinese economic data is made-up, and that many Chinese companies are fraudulent (called "fraudcaps" by the site);[n]
  7. Manipulation of house prices. The belief that central bankers, Mark Carney as most typical,[o] use houses as stimulus, by loosening mortgage terms.[p]

A connected theme from the above views is that central banks have nationalized capital markets, that prices are artificial and do not reflect economic theory, that U.S. financial institutions have profited from this, and that the manipulation of asset prices has driven wealth inequality in society and built up financial risks (due to the leverage against these prices). Zero Hedge often shows the chart of G3 balance sheets versus Amazon's share price (see graphic), concluding that U.S. taxpayer's money has been used by the U.S. FED to make U.S. taxpayers unemployed.

Bearish macroeconomic views and conspiracy theories aside, Zero Hedge is noted as a source of detailed, but proprietary, research from Wall Street investment banks and institutions, on securities, which can be picked up by the financial media.[72][73][74] Sometimes, the research is about other investment banks.[75] It has also been a source of breaking news in the general capital markets industry.[76][26][77][78] In Zero Hedge's early years, it was associated with exposing the unknown world of High-frequency trading ("HFT"), and the HFT techniques that Zero Hedge claimed amounted to market manipulation.[26][79]

Zero Hedge is known for personalized attacks on specific finance professionals, examples being newsletter writer and commodity analyst Dennis Gartman (over 758 articles),[80] Nobel Prize-winning economist Paul Krugman (over 703 articles),[81] and fund manager Whitney Tilson (over 325 articles),[82] amongst others.

Political views

The 29 April 2016 "Unmasking Zero Hedge" article by Bloomberg quoted former website staffer Colin Lokey as saying: "I can't be a 24-hour cheerleader for Hezbollah, Moscow, Tehran, Beijing, and Trump anymore. It's wrong. Period. I know it gets you views now, but it will kill your brand over the long run. This isn't a revolution. It's a joke." Lokey told Bloomberg that he was pressured to frame issues in a way he felt was "disingenuous," summarizing its political stances as "Russia=good. Obama=idiot. Bashar al-Assad=benevolent leader. John Kerry=dunce. Vladimir Putin=greatest leader in the history of statecraft."[27] Lokey provided chat transcripts in which Ivandjiiski refers to America's "silent majority" as "beastly", while Backshall acknowledges life in the U.S. is bad "outside of my bubble".[27] Wallace-Wells observed that the site demonstrated a pro-Russia bias, stating the site had a "pointed" Russophilia.[33]

In a series of articles in June–July 2017, the Financial Times, covering an event organised by one of the site's bloggers,[q] said that, "It probably didn't help that Zero Hedge was also used as a lead-in for a 2016 New Yorker piece about the alt-right, despite its financial focus and a political bent that is more Drudge than Richard Spencer."[34]

In January 2020, when the site was removed from Twitter, BuzzFeed News described Zero Hedge as "pro-Trump" and "far-right",[29] while reporting on the removal, The Washington Post said that Zero Hedge "In recent years, the blog has amplified right-wing conspiracy theories on a range of topics".[15]

Alleged Russian Influence

In March 2020, American journalist Seth Hettena wrote an opinion-piece in The New Republic titled "Is Zero Hedge a Russian Trojan Horse?", and provided details on the links between Krassimir Ivandjiiski (the site publisher's Bulgarian father), and Soviet-era activities in propaganda, revealed during litigation initiated by the father against Hettena in the Bulgarian courts.[1] Hettena commented that Zero Hedge has become "a forum for the hateful, conspiracy-driven voices of the angry white men of the alt-right. Racists, anti-Semites, extreme right-wingers, and conspiracy nuts were an underserved audience, and, as it turns out, a profitable one."[1]

In February 2022, intelligence officials from the United States claimed that Zero Hedge has amplified Russian propaganda by publishing articles written by Russian state-run media.[83][84][85][86][87]

Reception

Launch to 2014

In August 2009, under the pseudonym Tyler Durden, Ivandjiiski was interviewed on Bloomberg Radio on HFT.[88][89] Following a series of pieces accusing Goldman Sachs of using high-frequency trading to profit via the New York Stock Exchange, Zero Hedge's readership grew rapidly.[90][43] In September 2009, journalist Joe Hagan wrote that Zero Hedge's founder was "a zealous believer in a sweeping conspiracy that casts the alumni of Goldman Sachs as a powerful cabal at the helm of U.S. policy."[2] In September and October 2009, Financial journalists Felix Salmon and Justin Fox characterized the site as conspiratorial.[91][43] However, Justin Fox, went on to describe Ivandjiiski as "a wonderfully persistent investigative reporter" and credited him for successfully turning high-frequency trading "into a big political issue," but also termed most of the writing on the website as "half-baked hooey," albeit with some "truth to be gleaned from it."[43]

In his book, Griftopia (2010), Matt Taibbi cited Zero Hedge as having accurately assessed the level of corruption in the banking industry.[92] In January 2011, Zero Hedge was quoted in the Columbia Journalism Review regarding a JPMorgan-Ambac lawsuit: "JPM committed fraud through misrepresentation, then wilfully and maliciously traded against the entities it had sold misrepresented securities to."[93] In March 2011, Time magazine ranked Zero Hedge as 9th, in its 25 Best Financial Blogs,[71] with nominator, Bloomberg's Paul Kedrosky, stating that "So while I don't read Zero Hedge regularly—it's too bearish, too conspiratorial and too much of an intellectual monoculture—I like knowing that it exists. Any time I'm feeling like things might just turn out O.K. on planet Economic Earth, I know where to turn to be disabused of that stupid idea." Susanne Craig of The New York Times described Zero Hedge in October 2011 as "a well-read and controversial financial blog."[94]

In December 2012, Bank of America, which had been criticized by the site in the past, blocked its employees' access to Zero Hedge from BOA servers.[41]

2014 to 2018

In September 2014, the site was described by CNN Money as offering a "deeply conspiratorial, anti-establishment and pessimistic view of the world."[24]

In November 2014, Dr. Craig Pirrong, Professor of Finance at the University of Houston, stated: "I have frequently written that Zero Hedge has the MO of a Soviet agitprop operation, that it reliably peddles Russian propaganda: my first post on this, almost exactly three years ago, noted the parallels between Zero Hedge and Russia Today."[95][96] In December 2013, Zero Hedge accused Dr. Pirrong of being a "paid-for-Professor", who had "made a living of collecting "expert academic" fees by simply signing off on [wall street] memoranda", quoting a New York Times expose by David Kocieniewski into Dr. Pirrong.[97][r]

In September 2015, Nobel Prize-winning economist and The New York Times columnist Paul Krugman described Zero Hedge as a scaremongering outlet that promotes fears of hyperinflation and an "obviously ridiculous" form of "monetary permahawkery."[99] In November 2012, Krugman had noted that Bill McBride of Calculated Risk, an economics blog, has treated Zero Hedge with "appropriate contempt".[100] Krugman has been one of the most vilified individuals on Zero Hedge, and the subject of over 703 articles (almost all negative) since inception,[81] due to Krugman's advocacy of Keynesian economics.[g][66]

In April 2016, as part of its expose from the Colin Lokey interview, Unmasking the Men Behind Zero Hedge, Wall Street's Renegade Blog, Bloomberg Markets stated that since its founding in the middle of the financial crisis, "Zero Hedge has grown from a blog to an Internet powerhouse. Often distrustful of the 'establishment' and almost always bearish, it's known for a pessimistic worldview. Posts entitled 'Stocks Are in a Far More Precarious State Than Was Ever Truly Believed Possible' and 'America's Entitled (And Doomed) Upper Middle Class' are not uncommon."[27]

In a May 2016 follow-up Bloomberg opinion piece, Noah Smith said: "Zero Hedge has become known as a source of cutting-edge news, rumors and gossip about the financial industry, as well as a haven for gold bugs, foes of the Federal Reserve and critics of high-frequency trading"; and also that: "But I've realized that the website is also something else—a kind of support group for financial industry workers who are worried about their own economic future in the face of sweeping changes in technology, regulation and demand".[26]

Post–2018

On 20 November 2019, NBC News reported Zero Hedge as the initial source of a "misleading claim about the head of the Ukrainian energy company at the heart of the House impeachment inquiry", which went viral during the impeachment hearings. NBC said that "ZeroHedge apparently misconstrued the original Russian article from the Interfax-Ukraine News Agency, which did not mention an indictment. The Interfax-Ukraine News Agency operates as part of Interfax, a Russian news outlet".[35]

In January 2020, after Zero Hedge had been removed from Twitter, Business Insider reported that "In the years after the financial crash, the site had a bonafide social presence and a solidified place among financial insiders", and that "Since its rise to popularity among Wall Street insiders, Zero Hedge has since become known for sensationalist headlines and gruff take on the world's news".[20] Reporting on the affair, The Washington Post said that, "Zero Hedge launched in 2009, mostly featuring news and commentary about financial markets from a libertarian perspective. In recent years, the blog has amplified right-wing conspiracy theories on a range of topics".[15]

Litigation

GEROVA Financial

On 27 March 2012, Daniel Ivandjiiski was named as a co-conspirator in a civil complaint regarding a "complaint for damages and equitable relief".[101] The complainant, Noble Investments, who described themselves as a seed-investor in GEROVA Financial Group (NYSE: GFC), alleged that Dalrymple Finance had, with Zero Hedge and others,[s] engaged in a short and distort stock manipulation scheme, by publishing negative reports on GEROVA in January 2011.[102][103][104] The complaint stated that, amongst other charges, the defendants made damaging accusations that major shareholders, the Galanis family, and GEROVA senior executives, were involved in a "pump and dump" scheme; it also made ad hominem attacks on both Daniel Ivandjiiski, and his then alleged father, Krassimir Ivandjiiski.[t]

Dalrymple replied: "Writing research on quoted companies and distributing that research to financial media outlets, is neither illegal and is a daily legitimate activity on Wall Street". The complaint did not progress and there was no SEC investigation. GEROVA Financial's share collapsed in 2011, and never recovered.[citation needed] On 24 September 2015, the SEC charged a number of senior GEROVA executives and a few major investors in GEROVA with a "stock fraud scheme",[105][106] for which several, including the former company chairman and president, Gary Hirst, received jail sentences in 2017.[107][108]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b The website's motto, "On a long enough timeline the survival rate for everyone drops to zero", is from the book and film Fight Club,[20][21] which is in turn a paraphrase of John Maynard Keynes who said "In the long run we are all dead".[22]
  2. ^ A search of the website shows that the website uses Zero Hedge, and ZeroHedge, and even zerohedge, and ZH, when referring to itself in articles.
  3. ^ Former Zero Hedge staff writer, Colin Lokey, on departing acrimoniously in April 2016, alleged to Bloomberg that Zero Hedge had become increasingly focused on non-financial material as a way to increase traffic on the site.[27]
  4. ^ Graduated from the American College in Sofia, Bulgaria (1997), and then moved to the U.S. and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in molecular biology.[2]
  5. ^ In the translated "About Us" page of Strogo Sekretno, Krassimir describes the publication as: "Above all, Top Secret is a national political newspaper. It is the only independent newspaper in Bulgaria, which is the only real alternative to manipulated mass media." The paper's website is at strogosekretno.com.[46]
  6. ^ Global central banks have, between them, maintained a continual level of QE since 2013, after the collapse of markets post the end of QE1 (March 2010) and QE2 (June 2011)
  7. ^ a b As a follower of Keynesian economics, Krugman advocates tools like quantitative easing to raise general asset prices and the living standards of society; however, as a follower of the Austrian School of economics, Zero Hedge believes that quantitative easing tools are artificial and their effects evaporate as soon as the tool is stopped (e.g. as happened at the end of QE1 and QE2), and thus the increased level of credit and leverage built up during the easing, poses serious risks to the economy and society.
  8. ^ It is not possible to list all such views expressed on Zero Hedge, nor is it possible to definitively rank the views; however, given that such views are acknowledged as an important part of the site, a considered list of major such views is provided
  9. ^ This was the original Zero Hedge theory that brought the site to prominence in 2009; the theory gained some support, and in particular from the Michael Lewis book, Flash Boys
  10. ^ As a believer in the Austrian School of economics and thus a strong supporter of precious metals ("PMs"), the site has often interpreted falls in the price of PMs as being market manipulation
  11. ^ The term "plunge protection team" generates thousands of article links on the Zero Hedge site; disclosures by the Bank of Japan regarding its very frequent ETF trading activities are used as support; also, seemingly irrational recoveries, such as Brexit, where the U.K. market hit a new high in the months post the shock, are seen as evidence of PPT by Zero Hedge
  12. ^ Zero Hedge has an even wider conspiracy theory around the connections between big U.S. investment banks and the FED; however the site's most used evidence is the fact that U.S. investment banks, during QE programs, rarely have days in the year where they lose money trading
  13. ^ Zero Hedge showed in 2009 that much of the headline volume in markets was really HFT (e.g. same share being sold back-and-forward many times per second), and thus illusory; the problem with this theory is that ETFs, the main tool asserted for PPT activity, do not have the same reporting requirements as individual securities (e.g. large PPT ETF trades are not itemised and sourced, as with fund manager 13F trades)
  14. ^ Zero Hedge frequently returns to this theme; cites various evidence including from ex. Fitch analyst, Charlene Chu and short-seller, Jim Chanos; also cites regular reports from Muddy Waters Research
  15. ^ Zero Hedge articles on Canadian Bank solvency, impaired by an assertion that Mark Carney was using central bank tools to inflate Canadian house prices, were covered in the main financial media; Zero Hedge has made the same assertion on Mark Carney's impact on U.K. house prices
  16. ^ A central theme of Zero Hedge, is that central banks are using techniques that increase the total indebtedness in society to generate growth, which, as an Austrian School follower, Zero Hedge believes will be temporary; and that the growth only exists while the "flow" of new credit is positive, but regardless of how large the "stock" of credit reaches, once the "flow" turns negative, prices will collapse. Zero Hedge points to housing as a key tool (as well as Student Loans and Auto Loans), and how, despite the fall in housing volumes, central banks have kept house prices rising by loosening mortgage terms, and "help-to-buy" schemes
  17. ^ The event was organised by Zero Hedge contributor, hedgeless_horseman, and it was not an official Zero Hedge function
  18. ^ Zero Hedge has run several articles on Dr. Craig Pirrong from 2013-2018, calling him the "world's favorite finance expert for Wall Street hire", in January 2016[98]
  19. ^ The complaint did not name Forbes as a co-conspirator but alleged that Forbes was the unsuspecting target of their actions
  20. ^ These attacks focused on their Bulgarian citizenship, and that Bulgaria was a global center of organized crime, cybercrime, and fraud, and that Krassimir Ivandjiiski has worked for the Bulgarian government during the Soviet-era.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Hettena, Seth (9 March 2020). "Is Zero Hedge a Russian Trojan Horse?". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Joe Hagan (25 September 2009). "The Dow Zero Insurgency". New York. Retrieved 7 January 2023. The nothing-can-be-believed chaos of the financial crisis created a golden opportunity for a blog run by a mysterious ex-hedge-funder with a dodgy past and conspiracy theories to burn
  3. ^ a b Zeng, Jing; Schäfer, Mike S. (16 June 2021). "Conceptualizing "Dark Platforms". Covid-19-Related Conspiracy Theories on 8kun and Gab". Digital Journalism. Routledge. 9 (9): 1321–1343. doi:10.1080/21670811.2021.1938165. Another website that appeared regularly on both platforms was the far-right finance news website, ZeroHedge, which was cited 620 and 770 times on 8kun and Gab, respectively. ZeroHedge is infamous for making controversial commentaries on socio-political issues; during the pandemic, its Twitter account was suspended for propagating conspiratorial claims that blamed the Wuhan Institute of Virology for creating the novel coronavirus.
  4. ^ Krafft, P. M.; Donovan, Joan (3 March 2020). "Disinformation by Design: The Use of Evidence Collages and Platform Filtering in a Media Manipulation Campaign". Political Communication. Routledge. 37 (2): 194–214. doi:10.1080/10584609.2019.1686094. The total amount of relevant data consisted of six 4chan threads, four 8chan threads, one Discord channel, two threads from other far right forums (Zerohedge and FreeRepublic), an Everipedia post, six far-right blogs (Puppet String News, GotNews, The Gateway Pundit, Studio News Network, Freedom Daily, and YourNewsWire), ...
  5. ^ Fraser, Adele-Momoko (16 June 2020). "Google bans website ZeroHedge from its ad platform over comments on protest articles". CNBC. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  6. ^ Durkee, Alison (16 June 2020). "Google and Facebook Are Cracking Down on the Far Right". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  7. ^ Basu, Kajal (13 June 2020). "Who 'Created' Covid?". Outlook. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  8. ^ "Republicans push back on Google restrictions". Special Report. 17 June 2020. Fox News. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  9. ^ Dickson, EJ (16 April 2020). "Anti-Vax Doctor Promotes Conspiracy Theory That Death Certificates Falsely Cite COVID-19". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  10. ^ Broderick, Ryan (22 April 2020). "Scientists Haven't Found Proof The Coronavirus Escaped From A Lab in Wuhan. Trump Supporters Are Spreading The Rumor Anyway". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  11. ^ Bellemare, Andrea (11 February 2020). "How social media platforms are fighting coronavirus misinformation". CBC.ca. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  12. ^ Sabalow, Ryan; Kasler, Dale (6 June 2018). "No, Californians, you won't be fined $1,000 if you shower and do laundry the same day". The Sacramento Bee (paywall). Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  13. ^ [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
  14. ^ a b c Siraj Datoo (1 February 2020). "Zero Hedge Permanently Suspended From Twitter for 'Harassment'". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 1 February 2020. The libertarian financial website Zero Hedge was permanently suspended from Twitter on Friday after it published an article questioning the involvement of a Chinese scientist in the outbreak of the deadly novel coronavirus.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g Derek Hawkins (1 February 2020). "Twitter bans Zero Hedge account after it doxxed a Chinese researcher over coronavirus". The Washington Post. Retrieved 7 January 2023. Zero Hedge launched in 2009, mostly featuring news and commentary about financial markets from a libertarian perspective. In recent years, the blog has amplified right-wing conspiracy theories on a range of topics.
  16. ^ Datta, Saikat (5 February 2020). "The weaponized Wuhan virus that really wasn't". Asia Times. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  17. ^ McKay, Tom (24 June 2020). "Here's An Idea: The Trump Campaign Should Simply Take Over MySpace". Gizmodo UK. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  18. ^ [14][15][16][17]
  19. ^ Detrixhe, John (13 September 2017). "JPMorgan has pulled ads from Zero Hedge that ended up there by accident". Quartz. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  20. ^ a b Cranley, Ellen (1 February 2020). "Finance blog Zero Hedge was banned from Twitter for Wuhan coronavirus misinformation. It's not the first time the publication has raised eyebrows". Business Insider. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  21. ^ "Fight Club Script". The Internet Movie Script Database (IMSDb). 16 February 1998. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  22. ^ "John Maynard Keynes". Wikiquote. 1923. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  23. ^ a b Noah Smith (2 July 2014). "Austrian Economists, 9/11 Truthers and Brain Worms". Bloomberg L.P.
  24. ^ a b c Egan, Matt (25 September 2014). "Zero Hedge: Wall Street's daily dose of doom and gloom". CNN.
  25. ^ a b "A Recovering Perma-Bear Opens Up About The 'Lunacy' Of The Camp He Once Belonged To". Business Insider. 14 January 2015.
  26. ^ a b c d e Noah Smith (2 May 2016). "We are all Zero Hedge now". Bloomberg. Zero Hedge has become known as a source of cutting-edge news, rumors and gossip about the financial industry, as well as a haven for gold bugs, foes of the Federal Reserve and critics of high-frequency trading.
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h i Tracy Alloway; Luke Kawa (29 April 2016). "Unmasking the Men Behind Zero Hedge, Wall Street's Renegade Blog: The veil is lifted on a secretive website". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 7 January 2023. Colin Lokey, also known as "Tyler Durden," is breaking the first rule of Fight Club: You do not talk about Fight Club. He's also breaking the second rule of Fight Club. (See the first rule.)
  28. ^ Nguyen, Tina (12 May 2020). "MAGA speech clashes with coronavirus misinformation crackdown". Politico. Retrieved 7 January 2023. Zero Hedge, a popular fringe website known for its conspiratorial posts
  29. ^ a b c Broderick, Ryan (31 January 2020). "A Pro-Trump Blog Doxed A Chinese Scientist It Falsely Accused of Creating The Coronavirus As A Bioweapon". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  30. ^ Zhang, Chi (19 April 2018). "WeChatting American Politics: Misinformation, Polarization, and Immigrant Chinese Media". Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  31. ^ Kreps, Sarah (26 June 2020). "The role of technology in online misinformation". Brookings Institution. p. 4. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  32. ^ Dornan, Christopher (11 June 2020). "Science Disinformation in a Time of Pandemic". Public Policy Forum. p. 15. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  33. ^ a b Wallace-Wells, Benjamin (5 May 2016). "Is the Alt-Right for Real?". The New Yorker. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  34. ^ a b Alexandra Scaggs (27 June 2017). "A weekend in Texas with ZeroHedge readers, Part 1". Financial Times. It probably didn't help that ZeroHedge was also used as a lead-in for a 2016 New Yorker piece about the alt-right, despite its financial focus and a political bent that is more Drudge than Richard Spencer.
  35. ^ a b Ben Collins; Brandy Zadrozny (20 November 2019). "As Sondland testified, a misleading Ukraine story spread among conservatives on social media". NBC News. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  36. ^ a b Tracy Alloway (12 March 2019). "Zero Hedge Says Facebook Banned Users From Sharing Its Posts". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 12 March 2019. Since being founded in the depths of the financial crisis, Zero Hedge has built a dedicated following by serving up a mix of hardcore financial analysis and populist political commentary.
  37. ^ a b Murphy, Mike (12 March 2019). "Facebook lifts ban on Zero Hedge articles after 'mistake'". MarketWatch. Retrieved 13 March 2019. Zero Hedge has a right-leaning, anti-establishment bent, and is a frequent Facebook critic. Some had speculated it had been caught up in Facebook's ongoing efforts to root out "fake news" and misinformation or to silence a critical, conservative voice.
  38. ^ a b Bhalla, Aakriti; Venkat, Rama (13 June 2020). Holmes, David (ed.). "Twitter restores account of financial market website Zero Hedge". Reuters. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  39. ^ "Wall Street's diarrhea shi(f)ting to Park Street er... Avenue". Zero Hedge. 9 January 2009.
  40. ^ "zerohedge.com". domaintools.com. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  41. ^ a b c Moore, Galen (19 December 2012). "Bank of America blocks employees from reading Zero Hedge blog". Boston Business Journal (paywall). Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  42. ^ Condon, Nancy; Perone, Herb (11 September 2008). "FINRA Bars Two Registered Representatives for Insider Trading". Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. Retrieved 8 January 2023. In May 2005, Ivandjiiski became employed by another firm, Miller Buckfire & Co. Nevertheless, before the financing deal for Hawaiian Holdings was announced, he obtained confidential documents that his former firm had prepared concerning the impending deal. On 14 March 2006, while in possession of that material, non-public information, Ivandjiiski bought 1000 shares of Hawaiian Holdings for $4.75 a share. On 15 March, when the new financing was publicly announced, the share price of Hawaiian Holdings increased 6%, to close at $5.30. On 21 March 2006, Ivandjiiski sold his 1,000 shares of Hawaiian Holdings stock for $5.53 per share, for a profit of $780. In settling these matters, neither Kelly nor Ivandjiiski admitted nor denied the charges, but consented to the entry of FINRA's findings{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  43. ^ a b c d Fox, Justin (10 October 2009). "Wall Streeters like conspiracy theories. Always have". Time.
  44. ^ "BrokerCheck: Daniel Krassimirov Ivandjiiski CRD#: 4445294 BARRED". Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. 3 September 2008. Retrieved 8 January 2023. FINRA has barred this individual from acting as a broker or otherwise associating with a broker-dealer firm.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  45. ^ . HFMWeek (now rebranded as With Intelligence). September 2007. Archived from the original on 8 September 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2018. Wexford Capital has hired Daniel Ivandjiiski and Cesar Gonzalez
  46. ^ "Какво и кой е "Строго секретно" (What and who is "Top Secret")" (in Bulgarian). bg:Строго секретно! (Top Secret!).
  47. ^ "Tim Backshall's Trading Ideas". Institutional Investor. 28 February 2006. Retrieved 8 January 2023. Backshall, 36, who hails from the south of London, says he's "been working in and around the credit derivatives market since it started," first with Bankers Trust and Deutsche Bank, with tours of duty in London, New York and Tokyo, before joining MSCI-Barra, where he created that firm's credit offerings. Now, he brings his decade-plus experience in modeling and risk management to CDR at its Walnut Creek, Calif. Office.
  48. ^ "Colin Lokey (Poli Sci undergrad. MBA. Repo (market) man. Geopolitics junkie.)". Seeking Alpha. Retrieved 8 January 2023. User 984857 (previously seekingalpha.com/user/984857/comments)
  49. ^ Will Martin (29 April 2016). "The real identities of 'Tyler Durden' and Zero Hedge have been revealed". Business Insider. Retrieved 8 January 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  50. ^ Callum Burroughs (13 March 2019). "Facebook says Zero Hedge ban was a 'mistake' amid uproar over big tech censorship of conservative content". Business Insider. Retrieved 15 March 2019. A backlash from figures including the President's son, Donald Trump Jr., Paul Joseph Watson, and Nigel Farage sparked reactions related to civil liberties surrounding conservative voices on social media.
  51. ^ David Brennan (19 March 2019). "4chan, 8chan, LiveLeak and Others Blocked by Australian Internet Companies over Mosque Massacre Video". Newsweek. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  52. ^ "Telstra and Vodafone temporarily block websites after Christchurch attack". IT News. nextmedia. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  53. ^ . Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  54. ^ Kate Gibson (3 February 2020). "Twitter bans Zero Hedge after it posts coronavirus conspiracy theory". CBS News. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  55. ^ Aakriti Bhalla; Kanishka Singh (2 February 2020). "Financial market website Zero Hedge knocked off Twitter over coronavirus story". Reuters. Retrieved 2 February 2020. Zero Hedge, which covers mostly finance and economics, had more than 670,000 followers on Twitter as of its suspension.
  56. ^ Fraser, Adele-Momoko (16 June 2020). "Google bans website ZeroHedge from its ad platform over comments on protest articles". NBC News. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  57. ^ Hatmaker, Taylor (16 June 2020). "Google kicked ZeroHedge off its ad platform, put The Federalist on notice for racist protest content". TechCrunch. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  58. ^ Graham, Megan (14 July 2020). "Google says Zero Hedge can run Google ads again after removing 'derogatory' comments". CNBC. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  59. ^ "Status Update". Archived from the original on 18 June 2020.
  60. ^ "PayPal closed for Zero Hedge". Retrieved 21 July 2020 – via Twitter.
  61. ^ "RfC". 16 July 2020.
  62. ^ "Zero Hedge Manifesto". Zero Hedge. 2009.
  63. ^ "Money is gold ... and nothing else". Zero Hedge. 5 May 2018.
  64. ^ "The Follies & Fallacies of Keynesian Economics". Zero Hedge. 22 February 2016.
  65. ^ "Why Japan's Money Printing Madness Matters". Zero Hedge. 19 November 2014.
  66. ^ a b "Why Paul Krugman Is An Imbecile—or a Fraud". Zero Hedge. 9 July 2010.
  67. ^ "The Keynesian Cult Has Failed: "Emergency" Stimulus Is Now Permanent". Zero Hedge. 24 May 2017.
  68. ^ Jeffrey Snider (24 May 2015). "Japan's Broken Economy – 25 Years of Failed "Stimulus" & "Temporary Illusions"". Zero Hedge.
  69. ^ Min Jeong Lee; Toshiro Hasegawa (3 April 2018). "The Bank of Japan Steps Up With Record Buys of Local Stocks". Bloomberg L.P.
  70. ^ "BOJ Is Now A Top-10 Shareholder in 40% Of All Japanese Companies; Owns 42% Of All Government Bonds". Zero Hedge. 27 June 2018.
  71. ^ a b Paul Kedrosky (11 March 2011). "The 25 Best Financial Blogs: 9 Zero Hedge". Time.
  72. ^ "Goldman Sachs's Top 8 Disrupters". The Wall Street Journal. 9 August 2013. The website Zero Hedge got its hands on Goldman Sachs's report on the top 8 disruptive themes for investors to watch. Among them: 3-D printing and big data.
  73. ^ "The Finance 202: Trump buys Chinese line on tariffs". The Washington Post. 11 April 2018. A Citigroup note to clients quoted by the finance blog Zero Hedge said a "careful read of the original text in Chinese reveals that the speech was more a reiteration of existing commitments rather than new major initiatives or concessions to Trump".
  74. ^ Min Zing (11 April 2011). "Pimco Goes Negative on U.S. Debt". The Wall Street Journal. Mark Porterfield, Pimco's spokesman, didn't immediately respond to questions regarding the data. Financial blog Zero Hedge reported the data earlier on Sunday.
  75. ^ Mark Gongloff (23 September 2011). "Morgan Stanley: Banks Take on Zero Hedge". Wall Street Journal.
  76. ^ Jasper Moiseiwitsch (26 December 2017). "Euro hit by sudden Christmas Day slide". Financial Times. The sell-off was first reported by markets-focused blog Zero Hedge, which attributed it to program-trading and low volumes.
  77. ^ Gregory Zuckerman (28 December 2015). "Zero Hedge reports Hedge Fund Firm Whitebox Closes Its Mutual Funds". The Wall Street Journal.
  78. ^ "ZERO HEDGE: High Frequency Trader Fined: 'Quote-Stuffing' Crackdown Afoot?". The Wall Street Journal. 13 September 2010.
  79. ^ Alan Abelson (13 July 2009). "What Has Sergey Wrought?". Barrons. We'd be remiss in not crediting Tyler Durden and his feisty Zero Hedge blog for early coverage of the Aleynikov affair and helping to make the dog days of summer a tad less doggy. We suspect the folks at Goldman may not concur, but think how dull life would be if everyone agreed.
  80. ^ "Search: Dennis Gartman". Zero Hedge.
  81. ^ a b "Search: Paul Krugman". Zero Hedge.
  82. ^ "Search: Whitney Tilson". Zero Hedge.
  83. ^ Nomaan Merchant (15 February 2022). "US accuses financial website of spreading Russian propaganda". Associated Press. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  84. ^ Joe Walsh (14 April 2022). "Reportedly Accuses Financial Blog Zero Hedge Of Publishing Russian Propaganda". Forbes. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  85. ^ Lexi Lonas (15 February 2022). "US accuses Zero Hedge of spreading Kremlin propaganda". Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  86. ^ "U.S. Accuses Zero Hedge of Spreading Russian Propaganda". Bloomberg News. 15 February 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  87. ^ . ABC News. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  88. ^ "Zero Hedge's Bloomberg Podcast: Why Did Bloomberg Delete It?". Seeking Alpha. 23 August 2009. Tyler Durden of Zero Hedge was on the program talking to Pimm about what High-Frequency Trading is, who the participants are and why it is or why it is not a good thing. I found Durden, who spoke with a slight accent, to be very knowledgeable about the topic and fairly even-handed in his analysis. ... But the podcast and any mention of Durden disappeared from Bloomberg's site
  89. ^ Tim Fox, Interview with "Tyler Durden" on Taking Stock[permanent dead link] (MP3) Bloomberg Radio. (20 August 2009). Retrieved 4 December 2011
  90. ^ "Why Did Financial Flamethrower Zero Hedge Go All in on Conspiracy Theories?". Institutional Investor. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  91. ^ Salmon, Felix (30 September 2009). . Reuters Blogs. Archived from the original on 3 October 2009.
  92. ^ Taibbi, Matt, Griftopia, New York: Spiegel & Grau (2010), p. 208 ISBN 978-0-385-52995-2
  93. ^ Ryan Chittum, Insurer Alleges Fraud by Bear Stearns and JPMorgan, Columbia Journalism Review (25 January 2011).
  94. ^ Craig, Susanne (4 October 2011). "Morgan Tries to Quell Rumors About Its Holdings", The New York Times.
  95. ^ Pirrong, Craig. How Do You Know That Zero Hedge is a Russian Information Operation? Here's How, Streetwise Professor (20 November 2014)
  96. ^ Pirrong, Craig. Peas in a Pod: Occupy, RT, and Zero Hedge, Streetwise Professor (7 November 2011)
  97. ^ David Kocieniewski (27 December 2013). "Academics Who Defend Wall St. Reap Reward". The New York Times. What Mr. Pirrong has routinely left out of most of his public pronouncements in favor of speculation is that he has reaped financial benefits from speculators and some of the largest players in the commodities business, The New York Times has found.
  98. ^ "Glencore's investment grade bonds". Zero Hedge. 18 January 2016.
  99. ^ Krugman, Paul (21 September 2015). "Nutcases and Knut Cases", The New York Times.
  100. ^ Krugman, Paul (21 November 2012). "All Hail Calculated Risk", The New York Times.
  101. ^ (PDF). 27 March 2012. p. 35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 September 2018. Daniel Ivandjiiski
  102. ^ Neil Weinberg (10 January 2011). "Gerova Financial Group An NYSE-listed Shell Game: Report". Forbes. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  103. ^ Tyler Durden (10 January 2011). "Allegations Of "Shell Game" Fraud Involving Gerova Financial Group (GFC)" (paywall). Zero Hedge. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  104. ^ Tyler Durden (8 June 2011). "Time For Chinese Fraudcaps To Exit Stage Left" (paywall). Zero Hedge. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  105. ^ "SEC Charges Six in Stock Fraud Scheme". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 24 September 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  106. ^ Antoine Gara (25 September 2015). "US Attorney Preet Bharara Indicts Masterminds Behind Gerova Financial Pump And Dump". Forbes. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  107. ^ Jonathan Stempel (16 February 2017). "Father, son in Gerova stock scam get six years prison". Reuters. Retrieved 7 January 2023. John Galanis, 73, and his son Derek, 44, were also ordered by U.S. District Judge Kevin Castel in Manhattan to forfeit $19.04 million, after pleading guilty last summer to securities fraud and conspiracy charges. The Galanises were also sentenced to three years of supervised release.
  108. ^ Jonathan Stempel (3 August 2017). "Ex-Gerova chairman gets 6-1/2 years prison over stock scam". Reuters. Retrieved 7 January 2023. Galanis was sentenced in February to 11-1/4 years in prison. His father and two brothers also received prison terms. One defendant remains at large.

External links

  • Official website  

May 05, 2023
zero, hedge, zerohedge, right, libertarian, financial, blog, news, aggregator, motto, bearish, investment, outlook, analysis, often, deriving, from, adherence, austrian, school, economics, credit, cycles, while, often, labeled, financial, permabear, also, been. Zero Hedge or ZeroHedge b is a far right 13 libertarian 18 financial blog and news aggregator 14 15 19 Zero Hedge per its motto a is bearish in its investment outlook and analysis often deriving from its adherence to the Austrian School of economics and credit cycles 23 While often labeled as a financial permabear 24 25 Zero Hedge has also been described as a source of cutting edge news rumors and gossip in the financial industry 26 Zero HedgeMotto On a long enough timeline the survival rate for everyone drops to zero a Type of siteCapital markets finance blog News and political opinionAvailable inEnglishOwnerABC Media Limited Bulgaria 1 Created byDaniel IvandjiiskiEditorDaniel Ivandjiiski Tim BackshallURLzerohedge wbr comCommercialYes free content paid advertising RegistrationOptional Registration is required to post comments Launched9 January 2009 14 years ago 2009 01 09 2 Current statusOnlineOver time Zero Hedge expanded into non financial political content c including conspiracy theories and fringe rhetoric 3 28 advancing radical right 15 29 alt right 30 31 32 and pro Russia positions 1 33 34 35 Zero Hedge s non financial commentary has led to multiple site bans by global social media platforms although its 2019 Facebook ban 36 37 and 2020 Twitter ban were later reversed 15 38 Zero Hedge in house content is posted under the pseudonym Tyler Durden the founder and main editor was identified as Daniel Ivandjiiski 27 Contents 1 History and authorship 1 1 Site bans 2 Manifesto and views 2 1 Financial views 2 2 Political views 2 2 1 Alleged Russian Influence 3 Reception 3 1 Launch to 2014 3 2 2014 to 2018 3 3 Post 2018 4 Litigation 4 1 GEROVA Financial 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksHistory and authorshipSee also Daniel Ivandjiiski Zero Hedge s first post appeared on 9 January 2009 at 4pm 39 2 and the domain was registered on 11 January 2009 under the name Krassimir Ivandjiiski of ABC Media Ltd the father of Daniel Ivandjiiski who founded Zero Hedge 40 According to the Boston Business Journal the website publishes financial news and opinion aggregated and original from a number of writers who purportedly hail from within the financial industry 41 Almost all in house articles are signed under the collective pseudonym Tyler Durden a character in the Chuck Palahniuk book and movie Fight Club 41 2 In September 2009 news reports identified Daniel Ivandjiiski a Bulgarian born U S educated d former hedge fund trader who was barred from the securities industry in September 2008 for earning US 780 from an insider trade by FINRA 42 as the founder of the site and reported that Tyler Durden was a pseudonym for Ivandjiiski 2 43 FINRA rulings show Ivandjiiski worked for 3 years at New York investment bank Jefferies amp Co 44 as well a number of hedge funds the last of which was Wexford Capital LLC a fund led by former Goldman Sachs traders 45 One site contributor who spoke to New York magazine in an interview arranged by Ivandjiiski said up to 40 people could post under the Tyler Durden pseudonym 2 The same New York magazine article published on 27 September 2009 stated that Ivandjiiski s father was Krassimir Ivandjiiski 2 a Bulgarian publisher and editor of the pro Russia right wing conspiracy theory website Strogo Sekretno Top Secret 1 and monthly publication Bulgarian Confidential since 1994 e 1 The domain zerohedge com is registered in Bulgaria to a company called ABC Media Ltd managed by Krassimir Ivandjiiski 1 In a 29 April 2016 Bloomberg article Unmasking Zero Hedge 27 the authors writing as Tyler Durden were revealed as Ivandjiiski then age 37 Tim Backshall age 45 a credit derivatives strategist 47 and Colin Lokey age 32 a Seeking Alpha staff writer 48 Lokey the newest member who joined in 2015 publicly revealed himself and the other two when he left the site in April 2016 49 Ivandjiiski confirmed the three men had been the only Tyler Durdens on the payroll since Lokey joined in 2015 27 Lokey said he was paid 6 000 per month and received a bonus of 50 000 earning over 100 000 in 2015 27 According to Ivandjiiski the blog generates revenue from online advertising there is no subscription service 27 In March 2020 Bulgarian litigation between Krassimir Ivandjiiski and U S journalist Seth Hettena revealed further details about the Ivandjiiski family and the site s ownership 1 Site bans On 12 March 2019 Bloomberg reported that Facebook had banned users from sharing Zero Hedge posts three days earlier 36 MarketWatch noting that Zero Hedge is a frequent critic of Facebook reported that the ban was lifted later that day with Facebook saying that the ban was a mistake with our automation to detect spam 37 Business Insider describing Zero Hedge as a favorite of City and Wall Street traders known for its anti establishment and bearish slant on financial topics noted that Donald Trump Jr and Nigel Farage raised objections to Facebook s censure of Zero Hedge 50 Australian telecom company Telstra temporarily denied access to Zero Hedge and other websites on 20 March 2019 as a result of the Christchurch mosque shootings 51 52 53 On 20 January 2020 Zero Hedge s Twitter account which then had 670 000 followers was permanently suspended from Twitter for violating their platform manipulation policy 14 54 Bloomberg reported that Zero Hedge had been informed by Twitter that the suspension was as a result of an article titled Is This The Man Behind The Global Coronavirus Pandemic in which they doxed a Chinese virologist at the Wuhan Institute of Virology 29 15 55 On 12 June 2020 Twitter reinstated the account after an appeal from Zero Hedge and stated that the suspension was an error 38 Zero Hedge was banned from the Google Ads platform on 17 June 2020 An email from Google to NBC said that Zero Hedge violated Google s content policy that explicitly prohibit s derogatory content that promotes hatred intolerance violence or discrimination based on race from monetizing The violating comments were found on stories related to George Floyd protests 56 57 Google lifted the ban in July 2020 after the management of Zero Hedge began moderating comments 58 Zero Hedge revealed on 17 June 2020 that PayPal had like Google deplatformed the site 59 and they would only be able to accept cryptocurrency payments in the future 60 Following a community discussion in July 2020 the online encyclopedia Wikipedia ruled that Zero Hedge did not meet the standards for a reliable source as understood by the community and could not be cited as a source for any claims of fact in the encyclopedia 61 circular reference Manifesto and viewsAt its creation in January 2009 Zero Hedge published a manifesto on the objectives of the site 62 Financial views This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed June 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message Recreation of a typical Zero Hedge chart from BIS data of G3 central bank balance sheets FEB ECB and BOJ Recreation of a typical Zero Hedge chart from BIS and Bloomberg showing the G3 central bank balance sheets FEB ECB and the BOJ versus the share price of Amazon AMZN Recreation of a typical Zero Hedge chart from BIS and Bloomberg showing the G3 central bank balance sheets FEB ECB and the BOJ versus the MSCI U S Stock Market The most strongly held belief by Zero Hedge is in Austrian economics and that economic cycles are really credit cycles and that the quantitative easing QE by global central banks is a temporary and artificial asset price support scheme that makes the credit cycle even more extreme and hence the site s strongly bearish views f 23 As a result of this view Zero Hedge supports assets that are outside of the central banking system including precious metals and gold 26 63 and even cryptocurrencies The site is strongly against Keynesian economics 64 and sees quantitative easing as a Keynesian money printing trick 65 and vilifies advocates of this approach such as Paul Krugman in particular 66 g The site praises writers with similar views such Albert Edwards and John Hussman Critics of Zero Hedge label the site a permabear 25 whose views missed the global recovery since 2013 Zero Hedge responds that the since 2013 global central banks have undertaken a continuous program of quantitative easing QE e g aggregate monthly easing has rarely dropped below the level of QE1 or QE2 see graphic opposite 67 and when QE1 and QE2 ended markets collapsed The site references Japan whose market set new lows after each round of QE from 1994 to 2013 68 and where the latest round of QE started in 2013 has seen the BOJ become a dominant owner of the Nikkei 225 69 70 Zero Hedge maintains financial views theories which are considered conspiratorial and or hard to prove or unprovable 71 24 notable views include h Price manipulation by high frequency trading HFT The belief that investment banks funds use HFT dark pools to manipulate prices i Precious metals manipulation The belief that investment banks manipulate precious metals prices to suit their derivative books j Plunge protection team PPT The belief that central banks intervene in markets on a frequent almost daily basis to support prices k U S banks front running the U S FED The belief that U S investment banks most profitable of all global investment banks have knowledge of PPT trades l Market illiquidity The belief that market liquidity when HFT and PPT flows are taken out is low implying prices are artificial m Chinese fraud The belief that Chinese economic data is made up and that many Chinese companies are fraudulent called fraudcaps by the site n Manipulation of house prices The belief that central bankers Mark Carney as most typical o use houses as stimulus by loosening mortgage terms p A connected theme from the above views is that central banks have nationalized capital markets that prices are artificial and do not reflect economic theory that U S financial institutions have profited from this and that the manipulation of asset prices has driven wealth inequality in society and built up financial risks due to the leverage against these prices Zero Hedge often shows the chart of G3 balance sheets versus Amazon s share price see graphic concluding that U S taxpayer s money has been used by the U S FED to make U S taxpayers unemployed Bearish macroeconomic views and conspiracy theories aside Zero Hedge is noted as a source of detailed but proprietary research from Wall Street investment banks and institutions on securities which can be picked up by the financial media 72 73 74 Sometimes the research is about other investment banks 75 It has also been a source of breaking news in the general capital markets industry 76 26 77 78 In Zero Hedge s early years it was associated with exposing the unknown world of High frequency trading HFT and the HFT techniques that Zero Hedge claimed amounted to market manipulation 26 79 Zero Hedge is known for personalized attacks on specific finance professionals examples being newsletter writer and commodity analyst Dennis Gartman over 758 articles 80 Nobel Prize winning economist Paul Krugman over 703 articles 81 and fund manager Whitney Tilson over 325 articles 82 amongst others Political views The 29 April 2016 Unmasking Zero Hedge article by Bloomberg quoted former website staffer Colin Lokey as saying I can t be a 24 hour cheerleader for Hezbollah Moscow Tehran Beijing and Trump anymore It s wrong Period I know it gets you views now but it will kill your brand over the long run This isn t a revolution It s a joke Lokey told Bloomberg that he was pressured to frame issues in a way he felt was disingenuous summarizing its political stances as Russia good Obama idiot Bashar al Assad benevolent leader John Kerry dunce Vladimir Putin greatest leader in the history of statecraft 27 Lokey provided chat transcripts in which Ivandjiiski refers to America s silent majority as beastly while Backshall acknowledges life in the U S is bad outside of my bubble 27 Wallace Wells observed that the site demonstrated a pro Russia bias stating the site had a pointed Russophilia 33 In a series of articles in June July 2017 the Financial Times covering an event organised by one of the site s bloggers q said that It probably didn t help that Zero Hedge was also used as a lead in for a 2016 New Yorker piece about the alt right despite its financial focus and a political bent that is more Drudge than Richard Spencer 34 In January 2020 when the site was removed from Twitter BuzzFeed News described Zero Hedge as pro Trump and far right 29 while reporting on the removal The Washington Post said that Zero Hedge In recent years the blog has amplified right wing conspiracy theories on a range of topics 15 Alleged Russian Influence In March 2020 American journalist Seth Hettena wrote an opinion piece in The New Republic titled Is Zero Hedge a Russian Trojan Horse and provided details on the links between Krassimir Ivandjiiski the site publisher s Bulgarian father and Soviet era activities in propaganda revealed during litigation initiated by the father against Hettena in the Bulgarian courts 1 Hettena commented that Zero Hedge has become a forum for the hateful conspiracy driven voices of the angry white men of the alt right Racists anti Semites extreme right wingers and conspiracy nuts were an underserved audience and as it turns out a profitable one 1 In February 2022 intelligence officials from the United States claimed that Zero Hedge has amplified Russian propaganda by publishing articles written by Russian state run media 83 84 85 86 87 ReceptionLaunch to 2014 In August 2009 under the pseudonym Tyler Durden Ivandjiiski was interviewed on Bloomberg Radio on HFT 88 89 Following a series of pieces accusing Goldman Sachs of using high frequency trading to profit via the New York Stock Exchange Zero Hedge s readership grew rapidly 90 43 In September 2009 journalist Joe Hagan wrote that Zero Hedge s founder was a zealous believer in a sweeping conspiracy that casts the alumni of Goldman Sachs as a powerful cabal at the helm of U S policy 2 In September and October 2009 Financial journalists Felix Salmon and Justin Fox characterized the site as conspiratorial 91 43 However Justin Fox went on to describe Ivandjiiski as a wonderfully persistent investigative reporter and credited him for successfully turning high frequency trading into a big political issue but also termed most of the writing on the website as half baked hooey albeit with some truth to be gleaned from it 43 In his book Griftopia 2010 Matt Taibbi cited Zero Hedge as having accurately assessed the level of corruption in the banking industry 92 In January 2011 Zero Hedge was quoted in the Columbia Journalism Review regarding a JPMorgan Ambac lawsuit JPM committed fraud through misrepresentation then wilfully and maliciously traded against the entities it had sold misrepresented securities to 93 In March 2011 Time magazine ranked Zero Hedge as 9th in its 25 Best Financial Blogs 71 with nominator Bloomberg s Paul Kedrosky stating that So while I don t read Zero Hedge regularly it s too bearish too conspiratorial and too much of an intellectual monoculture I like knowing that it exists Any time I m feeling like things might just turn out O K on planet Economic Earth I know where to turn to be disabused of that stupid idea Susanne Craig of The New York Times described Zero Hedge in October 2011 as a well read and controversial financial blog 94 In December 2012 Bank of America which had been criticized by the site in the past blocked its employees access to Zero Hedge from BOA servers 41 2014 to 2018 In September 2014 the site was described by CNN Money as offering a deeply conspiratorial anti establishment and pessimistic view of the world 24 In November 2014 Dr Craig Pirrong Professor of Finance at the University of Houston stated I have frequently written that Zero Hedge has the MO of a Soviet agitprop operation that it reliably peddles Russian propaganda my first post on this almost exactly three years ago noted the parallels between Zero Hedge and Russia Today 95 96 In December 2013 Zero Hedge accused Dr Pirrong of being a paid for Professor who had made a living of collecting expert academic fees by simply signing off on wall street memoranda quoting a New York Times expose by David Kocieniewski into Dr Pirrong 97 r In September 2015 Nobel Prize winning economist and The New York Times columnist Paul Krugman described Zero Hedge as a scaremongering outlet that promotes fears of hyperinflation and an obviously ridiculous form of monetary permahawkery 99 In November 2012 Krugman had noted that Bill McBride of Calculated Risk an economics blog has treated Zero Hedge with appropriate contempt 100 Krugman has been one of the most vilified individuals on Zero Hedge and the subject of over 703 articles almost all negative since inception 81 due to Krugman s advocacy of Keynesian economics g 66 In April 2016 as part of its expose from the Colin Lokey interview Unmasking the Men Behind Zero Hedge Wall Street s Renegade Blog Bloomberg Markets stated that since its founding in the middle of the financial crisis Zero Hedge has grown from a blog to an Internet powerhouse Often distrustful of the establishment and almost always bearish it s known for a pessimistic worldview Posts entitled Stocks Are in a Far More Precarious State Than Was Ever Truly Believed Possible and America s Entitled And Doomed Upper Middle Class are not uncommon 27 In a May 2016 follow up Bloomberg opinion piece Noah Smith said Zero Hedge has become known as a source of cutting edge news rumors and gossip about the financial industry as well as a haven for gold bugs foes of the Federal Reserve and critics of high frequency trading and also that But I ve realized that the website is also something else a kind of support group for financial industry workers who are worried about their own economic future in the face of sweeping changes in technology regulation and demand 26 Post 2018 On 20 November 2019 NBC News reported Zero Hedge as the initial source of a misleading claim about the head of the Ukrainian energy company at the heart of the House impeachment inquiry which went viral during the impeachment hearings NBC said that ZeroHedge apparently misconstrued the original Russian article from the Interfax Ukraine News Agency which did not mention an indictment The Interfax Ukraine News Agency operates as part of Interfax a Russian news outlet 35 In January 2020 after Zero Hedge had been removed from Twitter Business Insider reported that In the years after the financial crash the site had a bonafide social presence and a solidified place among financial insiders and that Since its rise to popularity among Wall Street insiders Zero Hedge has since become known for sensationalist headlines and gruff take on the world s news 20 Reporting on the affair The Washington Post said that Zero Hedge launched in 2009 mostly featuring news and commentary about financial markets from a libertarian perspective In recent years the blog has amplified right wing conspiracy theories on a range of topics 15 LitigationGEROVA Financial On 27 March 2012 Daniel Ivandjiiski was named as a co conspirator in a civil complaint regarding a complaint for damages and equitable relief 101 The complainant Noble Investments who described themselves as a seed investor in GEROVA Financial Group NYSE GFC alleged that Dalrymple Finance had with Zero Hedge and others s engaged in a short and distort stock manipulation scheme by publishing negative reports on GEROVA in January 2011 102 103 104 The complaint stated that amongst other charges the defendants made damaging accusations that major shareholders the Galanis family and GEROVA senior executives were involved in a pump and dump scheme it also made ad hominem attacks on both Daniel Ivandjiiski and his then alleged father Krassimir Ivandjiiski t Dalrymple replied Writing research on quoted companies and distributing that research to financial media outlets is neither illegal and is a daily legitimate activity on Wall Street The complaint did not progress and there was no SEC investigation GEROVA Financial s share collapsed in 2011 and never recovered citation needed On 24 September 2015 the SEC charged a number of senior GEROVA executives and a few major investors in GEROVA with a stock fraud scheme 105 106 for which several including the former company chairman and president Gary Hirst received jail sentences in 2017 107 108 See alsoKrassimir Ivandjiiski Daniel Ivandjiiski Marc Faber John HussmanNotesThis section possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed June 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message a b The website s motto On a long enough timeline the survival rate for everyone drops to zero is from the book and film Fight Club 20 21 which is in turn a paraphrase of John Maynard Keynes who said In the long run we are all dead 22 A search of the website shows that the website uses Zero Hedge and ZeroHedge and even zerohedge and ZH when referring to itself in articles Former Zero Hedge staff writer Colin Lokey on departing acrimoniously in April 2016 alleged to Bloomberg that Zero Hedge had become increasingly focused on non financial material as a way to increase traffic on the site 27 Graduated from the American College in Sofia Bulgaria 1997 and then moved to the U S and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in molecular biology 2 In the translated About Us page of Strogo Sekretno Krassimir describes the publication as Above all Top Secret is a national political newspaper It is the only independent newspaper in Bulgaria which is the only real alternative to manipulated mass media The paper s website is at strogosekretno com 46 Global central banks have between them maintained a continual level of QE since 2013 after the collapse of markets post the end of QE1 March 2010 and QE2 June 2011 a b As a follower of Keynesian economics Krugman advocates tools like quantitative easing to raise general asset prices and the living standards of society however as a follower of the Austrian School of economics Zero Hedge believes that quantitative easing tools are artificial and their effects evaporate as soon as the tool is stopped e g as happened at the end of QE1 and QE2 and thus the increased level of credit and leverage built up during the easing poses serious risks to the economy and society It is not possible to list all such views expressed on Zero Hedge nor is it possible to definitively rank the views however given that such views are acknowledged as an important part of the site a considered list of major such views is provided This was the original Zero Hedge theory that brought the site to prominence in 2009 the theory gained some support and in particular from the Michael Lewis book Flash Boys As a believer in the Austrian School of economics and thus a strong supporter of precious metals PMs the site has often interpreted falls in the price of PMs as being market manipulation The term plunge protection team generates thousands of article links on the Zero Hedge site disclosures by the Bank of Japan regarding its very frequent ETF trading activities are used as support also seemingly irrational recoveries such as Brexit where the U K market hit a new high in the months post the shock are seen as evidence of PPT by Zero Hedge Zero Hedge has an even wider conspiracy theory around the connections between big U S investment banks and the FED however the site s most used evidence is the fact that U S investment banks during QE programs rarely have days in the year where they lose money trading Zero Hedge showed in 2009 that much of the headline volume in markets was really HFT e g same share being sold back and forward many times per second and thus illusory the problem with this theory is that ETFs the main tool asserted for PPT activity do not have the same reporting requirements as individual securities e g large PPT ETF trades are not itemised and sourced as with fund manager 13F trades Zero Hedge frequently returns to this theme cites various evidence including from ex Fitch analyst Charlene Chu and short seller Jim Chanos also cites regular reports from Muddy Waters Research Zero Hedge articles on Canadian Bank solvency impaired by an assertion that Mark Carney was using central bank tools to inflate Canadian house prices were covered in the main financial media Zero Hedge has made the same assertion on Mark Carney s impact on U K house prices A central theme of Zero Hedge is that central banks are using techniques that increase the total indebtedness in society to generate growth which as an Austrian School follower Zero Hedge believes will be temporary and that the growth only exists while the flow of new credit is positive but regardless of how large the stock of credit reaches once the flow turns negative prices will collapse Zero Hedge points to housing as a key tool as well as Student Loans and Auto Loans and how despite the fall in housing volumes central banks have kept house prices rising by loosening mortgage terms and help to buy schemes The event was organised by Zero Hedge contributor hedgeless horseman and it was not an official Zero Hedge function Zero Hedge has run several articles on Dr Craig Pirrong from 2013 2018 calling him the world s favorite finance expert for Wall Street hire in January 2016 98 The complaint did not name Forbes as a co conspirator but alleged that Forbes was the unsuspecting target of their actions These attacks focused on their Bulgarian citizenship and that Bulgaria was a global center of organized crime cybercrime and fraud and that Krassimir Ivandjiiski has worked for the Bulgarian government during the Soviet era References a b c d e f g h Hettena Seth 9 March 2020 Is Zero Hedge a Russian Trojan Horse The New Republic ISSN 0028 6583 Retrieved 9 March 2020 a b c d e f g h Joe Hagan 25 September 2009 The Dow Zero Insurgency New York Retrieved 7 January 2023 The nothing can be believed chaos of the financial crisis created a golden opportunity for a blog run by a mysterious ex hedge funder with a dodgy past and conspiracy theories to burn a b Zeng Jing Schafer Mike S 16 June 2021 Conceptualizing Dark Platforms Covid 19 Related Conspiracy Theories on 8kun and Gab Digital Journalism Routledge 9 9 1321 1343 doi 10 1080 21670811 2021 1938165 Another website that appeared regularly on both platforms was the far right finance news website ZeroHedge which was cited 620 and 770 times on 8kun and Gab respectively ZeroHedge is infamous for making controversial commentaries on socio political issues during the pandemic its Twitter account was suspended for propagating conspiratorial claims that blamed the Wuhan Institute of Virology for creating the novel coronavirus Krafft P M Donovan Joan 3 March 2020 Disinformation by Design The Use of Evidence Collages and Platform Filtering in a Media Manipulation Campaign Political Communication Routledge 37 2 194 214 doi 10 1080 10584609 2019 1686094 The total amount of relevant data consisted of six 4chan threads four 8chan threads one Discord channel two threads from other far right forums Zerohedge and FreeRepublic an Everipedia post six far right blogs Puppet String News GotNews The Gateway Pundit Studio News Network Freedom Daily and YourNewsWire Fraser Adele Momoko 16 June 2020 Google bans website ZeroHedge from its ad platform over comments on protest articles CNBC Retrieved 7 January 2023 Durkee Alison 16 June 2020 Google and Facebook Are Cracking Down on the Far Right Vanity Fair Retrieved 7 January 2023 Basu Kajal 13 June 2020 Who Created Covid Outlook Retrieved 7 January 2023 Republicans push back on Google restrictions Special Report 17 June 2020 Fox News Retrieved 7 January 2023 Dickson EJ 16 April 2020 Anti Vax Doctor Promotes Conspiracy Theory That Death Certificates Falsely Cite COVID 19 Rolling Stone Retrieved 7 January 2023 Broderick Ryan 22 April 2020 Scientists Haven t Found Proof The Coronavirus Escaped From A Lab in Wuhan Trump Supporters Are Spreading The Rumor Anyway BuzzFeed News Retrieved 7 January 2023 Bellemare Andrea 11 February 2020 How social media platforms are fighting coronavirus misinformation CBC ca Retrieved 7 January 2023 Sabalow Ryan Kasler Dale 6 June 2018 No Californians you won t be fined 1 000 if you shower and do laundry the same day The Sacramento Bee paywall Retrieved 29 June 2020 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 a b c Siraj Datoo 1 February 2020 Zero Hedge Permanently Suspended From Twitter for Harassment Bloomberg News Retrieved 1 February 2020 The libertarian financial website Zero Hedge was permanently suspended from Twitter on Friday after it published an article questioning the involvement of a Chinese scientist in the outbreak of the deadly novel coronavirus a b c d e f g Derek Hawkins 1 February 2020 Twitter bans Zero Hedge account after it doxxed a Chinese researcher over coronavirus The Washington Post Retrieved 7 January 2023 Zero Hedge launched in 2009 mostly featuring news and commentary about financial markets from a libertarian perspective In recent years the blog has amplified right wing conspiracy theories on a range of topics Datta Saikat 5 February 2020 The weaponized Wuhan virus that really wasn t Asia Times Retrieved 7 January 2023 McKay Tom 24 June 2020 Here s An Idea The Trump Campaign Should Simply Take Over MySpace Gizmodo UK Retrieved 7 January 2023 14 15 16 17 Detrixhe John 13 September 2017 JPMorgan has pulled ads from Zero Hedge that ended up there by accident Quartz Retrieved 7 January 2023 a b Cranley Ellen 1 February 2020 Finance blog Zero Hedge was banned from Twitter for Wuhan coronavirus misinformation It s not the first time the publication has raised eyebrows Business Insider Retrieved 29 June 2020 Fight Club Script The Internet Movie Script Database IMSDb 16 February 1998 Retrieved 7 January 2023 John Maynard Keynes Wikiquote 1923 Retrieved 27 September 2020 a b Noah Smith 2 July 2014 Austrian Economists 9 11 Truthers and Brain Worms Bloomberg L P a b c Egan Matt 25 September 2014 Zero Hedge Wall Street s daily dose of doom and gloom CNN a b A Recovering Perma Bear Opens Up About The Lunacy Of The Camp He Once Belonged To Business Insider 14 January 2015 a b c d e Noah Smith 2 May 2016 We are all Zero Hedge now Bloomberg Zero Hedge has become known as a source of cutting edge news rumors and gossip about the financial industry as well as a haven for gold bugs foes of the Federal Reserve and critics of high frequency trading a b c d e f g h i Tracy Alloway Luke Kawa 29 April 2016 Unmasking the Men Behind Zero Hedge Wall Street s Renegade Blog The veil is lifted on a secretive website Bloomberg News Retrieved 7 January 2023 Colin Lokey also known as Tyler Durden is breaking the first rule of Fight Club You do not talk about Fight Club He s also breaking the second rule of Fight Club See the first rule Nguyen Tina 12 May 2020 MAGA speech clashes with coronavirus misinformation crackdown Politico Retrieved 7 January 2023 Zero Hedge a popular fringe website known for its conspiratorial posts a b c Broderick Ryan 31 January 2020 A Pro Trump Blog Doxed A Chinese Scientist It Falsely Accused of Creating The Coronavirus As A Bioweapon BuzzFeed News Retrieved 31 January 2020 Zhang Chi 19 April 2018 WeChatting American Politics Misinformation Polarization and Immigrant Chinese Media Columbia Journalism Review Retrieved 7 January 2023 Kreps Sarah 26 June 2020 The role of technology in online misinformation Brookings Institution p 4 Retrieved 7 January 2023 Dornan Christopher 11 June 2020 Science Disinformation in a Time of Pandemic Public Policy Forum p 15 Retrieved 7 January 2023 a b Wallace Wells Benjamin 5 May 2016 Is the Alt Right for Real The New Yorker Retrieved 7 January 2023 a b Alexandra Scaggs 27 June 2017 A weekend in Texas with ZeroHedge readers Part 1 Financial Times It probably didn t help that ZeroHedge was also used as a lead in for a 2016 New Yorker piece about the alt right despite its financial focus and a political bent that is more Drudge than Richard Spencer a b Ben Collins Brandy Zadrozny 20 November 2019 As Sondland testified a misleading Ukraine story spread among conservatives on social media NBC News Retrieved 22 November 2019 a b Tracy Alloway 12 March 2019 Zero Hedge Says Facebook Banned Users From Sharing Its Posts Bloomberg News Retrieved 12 March 2019 Since being founded in the depths of the financial crisis Zero Hedge has built a dedicated following by serving up a mix of hardcore financial analysis and populist political commentary a b Murphy Mike 12 March 2019 Facebook lifts ban on Zero Hedge articles after mistake MarketWatch Retrieved 13 March 2019 Zero Hedge has a right leaning anti establishment bent and is a frequent Facebook critic Some had speculated it had been caught up in Facebook s ongoing efforts to root out fake news and misinformation or to silence a critical conservative voice a b Bhalla Aakriti Venkat Rama 13 June 2020 Holmes David ed Twitter restores account of financial market website Zero Hedge Reuters Retrieved 19 June 2020 Wall Street s diarrhea shi f ting to Park Street er Avenue Zero Hedge 9 January 2009 zerohedge com domaintools com Retrieved 7 January 2023 a b c Moore Galen 19 December 2012 Bank of America blocks employees from reading Zero Hedge blog Boston Business Journal paywall Retrieved 7 January 2023 Condon Nancy Perone Herb 11 September 2008 FINRA Bars Two Registered Representatives for Insider Trading Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Retrieved 8 January 2023 In May 2005 Ivandjiiski became employed by another firm Miller Buckfire amp Co Nevertheless before the financing deal for Hawaiian Holdings was announced he obtained confidential documents that his former firm had prepared concerning the impending deal On 14 March 2006 while in possession of that material non public information Ivandjiiski bought 1000 shares of Hawaiian Holdings for 4 75 a share On 15 March when the new financing was publicly announced the share price of Hawaiian Holdings increased 6 to close at 5 30 On 21 March 2006 Ivandjiiski sold his 1 000 shares of Hawaiian Holdings stock for 5 53 per share for a profit of 780 In settling these matters neither Kelly nor Ivandjiiski admitted nor denied the charges but consented to the entry of FINRA s findings a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link a b c d Fox Justin 10 October 2009 Wall Streeters like conspiracy theories Always have Time BrokerCheck Daniel Krassimirov Ivandjiiski CRD 4445294 BARRED Financial Industry Regulatory Authority 3 September 2008 Retrieved 8 January 2023 FINRA has barred this individual from acting as a broker or otherwise associating with a broker dealer firm a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Wexford Capital makes two new hires HFMWeek now rebranded as With Intelligence September 2007 Archived from the original on 8 September 2018 Retrieved 8 September 2018 Wexford Capital has hired Daniel Ivandjiiski and Cesar Gonzalez Kakvo i koj e Strogo sekretno What and who is Top Secret in Bulgarian bg Strogo sekretno Top Secret Tim Backshall s Trading Ideas Institutional Investor 28 February 2006 Retrieved 8 January 2023 Backshall 36 who hails from the south of London says he s been working in and around the credit derivatives market since it started first with Bankers Trust and Deutsche Bank with tours of duty in London New York and Tokyo before joining MSCI Barra where he created that firm s credit offerings Now he brings his decade plus experience in modeling and risk management to CDR at its Walnut Creek Calif Office Colin Lokey Poli Sci undergrad MBA Repo market man Geopolitics junkie Seeking Alpha Retrieved 8 January 2023 User 984857 previously seekingalpha com user 984857 comments Will Martin 29 April 2016 The real identities of Tyler Durden and Zero Hedge have been revealed Business Insider Retrieved 8 January 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Callum Burroughs 13 March 2019 Facebook says Zero Hedge ban was a mistake amid uproar over big tech censorship of conservative content Business Insider Retrieved 15 March 2019 A backlash from figures including the President s son Donald Trump Jr Paul Joseph Watson and Nigel Farage sparked reactions related to civil liberties surrounding conservative voices on social media David Brennan 19 March 2019 4chan 8chan LiveLeak and Others Blocked by Australian Internet Companies over Mosque Massacre Video Newsweek Retrieved 19 March 2019 Telstra and Vodafone temporarily block websites after Christchurch attack IT News nextmedia Retrieved 19 March 2019 Arbitrary site blocks a slippery slope Archived from the original on 24 March 2019 Retrieved 25 March 2019 Kate Gibson 3 February 2020 Twitter bans Zero Hedge after it posts coronavirus conspiracy theory CBS News Retrieved 4 February 2020 Aakriti Bhalla Kanishka Singh 2 February 2020 Financial market website Zero Hedge knocked off Twitter over coronavirus story Reuters Retrieved 2 February 2020 Zero Hedge which covers mostly finance and economics had more than 670 000 followers on Twitter as of its suspension Fraser Adele Momoko 16 June 2020 Google bans website ZeroHedge from its ad platform over comments on protest articles NBC News Retrieved 17 June 2020 Hatmaker Taylor 16 June 2020 Google kicked ZeroHedge off its ad platform put The Federalist on notice for racist protest content TechCrunch Retrieved 17 June 2020 Graham Megan 14 July 2020 Google says Zero Hedge can run Google ads again after removing derogatory comments CNBC Retrieved 16 July 2020 Status Update Archived from the original on 18 June 2020 PayPal closed for Zero Hedge Retrieved 21 July 2020 via Twitter RfC 16 July 2020 Zero Hedge Manifesto Zero Hedge 2009 Money is gold and nothing else Zero Hedge 5 May 2018 The Follies amp Fallacies of Keynesian Economics Zero Hedge 22 February 2016 Why Japan s Money Printing Madness Matters Zero Hedge 19 November 2014 a b Why Paul Krugman Is An Imbecile or a Fraud Zero Hedge 9 July 2010 The Keynesian Cult Has Failed Emergency Stimulus Is Now Permanent Zero Hedge 24 May 2017 Jeffrey Snider 24 May 2015 Japan s Broken Economy 25 Years of Failed Stimulus amp Temporary Illusions Zero Hedge Min Jeong Lee Toshiro Hasegawa 3 April 2018 The Bank of Japan Steps Up With Record Buys of Local Stocks Bloomberg L P BOJ Is Now A Top 10 Shareholder in 40 Of All Japanese Companies Owns 42 Of All Government Bonds Zero Hedge 27 June 2018 a b Paul Kedrosky 11 March 2011 The 25 Best Financial Blogs 9 Zero Hedge Time Goldman Sachs s Top 8 Disrupters The Wall Street Journal 9 August 2013 The website Zero Hedge got its hands on Goldman Sachs s report on the top 8 disruptive themes for investors to watch Among them 3 D printing and big data The Finance 202 Trump buys Chinese line on tariffs The Washington Post 11 April 2018 A Citigroup note to clients quoted by the finance blog Zero Hedge said a careful read of the original text in Chinese reveals that the speech was more a reiteration of existing commitments rather than new major initiatives or concessions to Trump Min Zing 11 April 2011 Pimco Goes Negative on U S Debt The Wall Street Journal Mark Porterfield Pimco s spokesman didn t immediately respond to questions regarding the data Financial blog Zero Hedge reported the data earlier on Sunday Mark Gongloff 23 September 2011 Morgan Stanley Banks Take on Zero Hedge Wall Street Journal Jasper Moiseiwitsch 26 December 2017 Euro hit by sudden Christmas Day slide Financial Times The sell off was first reported by markets focused blog Zero Hedge which attributed it to program trading and low volumes Gregory Zuckerman 28 December 2015 Zero Hedge reports Hedge Fund Firm Whitebox Closes Its Mutual Funds The Wall Street Journal ZERO HEDGE High Frequency Trader Fined Quote Stuffing Crackdown Afoot The Wall Street Journal 13 September 2010 Alan Abelson 13 July 2009 What Has Sergey Wrought Barrons We d be remiss in not crediting Tyler Durden and his feisty Zero Hedge blog for early coverage of the Aleynikov affair and helping to make the dog days of summer a tad less doggy We suspect the folks at Goldman may not concur but think how dull life would be if everyone agreed Search Dennis Gartman Zero Hedge a b Search Paul Krugman Zero Hedge Search Whitney Tilson Zero Hedge Nomaan Merchant 15 February 2022 US accuses financial website of spreading Russian propaganda Associated Press Retrieved 7 January 2023 Joe Walsh 14 April 2022 Reportedly Accuses Financial Blog Zero Hedge Of Publishing Russian Propaganda Forbes Retrieved 7 January 2023 Lexi Lonas 15 February 2022 US accuses Zero Hedge of spreading Kremlin propaganda Retrieved 7 January 2023 U S Accuses Zero Hedge of Spreading Russian Propaganda Bloomberg News 15 February 2022 Retrieved 7 January 2023 US accuses financial website of spreading Russian propaganda ABC News Archived from the original on 15 February 2022 Retrieved 15 February 2022 Zero Hedge s Bloomberg Podcast Why Did Bloomberg Delete It Seeking Alpha 23 August 2009 Tyler Durden of Zero Hedge was on the program talking to Pimm about what High Frequency Trading is who the participants are and why it is or why it is not a good thing I found Durden who spoke with a slight accent to be very knowledgeable about the topic and fairly even handed in his analysis But the podcast and any mention of Durden disappeared from Bloomberg s site Tim Fox Interview with Tyler Durden on Taking Stock permanent dead link MP3 Bloomberg Radio 20 August 2009 Retrieved 4 December 2011 Why Did Financial Flamethrower Zero Hedge Go All in on Conspiracy Theories Institutional Investor Retrieved 4 July 2021 Salmon Felix 30 September 2009 The Zero Hedgies Reuters Blogs Archived from the original on 3 October 2009 Taibbi Matt Griftopia New York Spiegel amp Grau 2010 p 208 ISBN 978 0 385 52995 2 Ryan Chittum Insurer Alleges Fraud by Bear Stearns and JPMorgan Columbia Journalism Review 25 January 2011 Craig Susanne 4 October 2011 Morgan Tries to Quell Rumors About Its Holdings The New York Times Pirrong Craig How Do You Know That Zero Hedge is a Russian Information Operation Here s How Streetwise Professor 20 November 2014 Pirrong Craig Peas in a Pod Occupy RT and Zero Hedge Streetwise Professor 7 November 2011 David Kocieniewski 27 December 2013 Academics Who Defend Wall St Reap Reward The New York Times What Mr Pirrong has routinely left out of most of his public pronouncements in favor of speculation is that he has reaped financial benefits from speculators and some of the largest players in the commodities business The New York Times has found Glencore s investment grade bonds Zero Hedge 18 January 2016 Krugman Paul 21 September 2015 Nutcases and Knut Cases The New York Times Krugman Paul 21 November 2012 All Hail Calculated Risk The New York Times Supreme Court of the State of New York Noble Investments Limited vs Keith Dalrymple Victoria Dalrymple Dalrymple Finance LLC and John Does 1 100 PDF 27 March 2012 p 35 Archived from the original PDF on 9 September 2018 Daniel Ivandjiiski Neil Weinberg 10 January 2011 Gerova Financial Group An NYSE listed Shell Game Report Forbes Retrieved 7 January 2023 Tyler Durden 10 January 2011 Allegations Of Shell Game Fraud Involving Gerova Financial Group GFC paywall Zero Hedge Retrieved 7 January 2023 Tyler Durden 8 June 2011 Time For Chinese Fraudcaps To Exit Stage Left paywall Zero Hedge Retrieved 7 January 2023 SEC Charges Six in Stock Fraud Scheme U S Securities and Exchange Commission 24 September 2015 Retrieved 7 January 2023 Antoine Gara 25 September 2015 US Attorney Preet Bharara Indicts Masterminds Behind Gerova Financial Pump And Dump Forbes Retrieved 7 January 2023 Jonathan Stempel 16 February 2017 Father son in Gerova stock scam get six years prison Reuters Retrieved 7 January 2023 John Galanis 73 and his son Derek 44 were also ordered by U S District Judge Kevin Castel in Manhattan to forfeit 19 04 million after pleading guilty last summer to securities fraud and conspiracy charges The Galanises were also sentenced to three years of supervised release Jonathan Stempel 3 August 2017 Ex Gerova chairman gets 6 1 2 years prison over stock scam Reuters Retrieved 7 January 2023 Galanis was sentenced in February to 11 1 4 years in prison His father and two brothers also received prison terms One defendant remains at large External linksOfficial website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Zero Hedge amp oldid 1153245537, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.