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Sadad, Syria

January 01, 1970

Sadad (Arabic: صدد / ALA-LC: Ṣadad) is a town in Syria, 60 kilometers (37 mi) south of Homs, and 101 kilometers (63 mi) northeast of Damascus. It had over 3,500 inhabitants in the 2004 census, the majority of whom belonged to the Syriac Orthodox Church.

Sadad
ܣܕܕ
صدد
Town
Sadad
Location in Syria
Coordinates: 34°18′46″N 36°55′33″E / 34.31278°N 36.92583°E / 34.31278; 36.92583
Country Syria
GovernorateHoms
DistrictHoms
SubdistrictSadad
Population
 (2004 census)
 • Total3,503

History edit

Early history edit

 
Map of Canaan, with the border defined by Numbers 34:1–12 shown in red.
 
Sadad shown as a Syriac Diocesese in the Middle Ages.

Sadad is an ancient village; it is thought to be the "Zedad" (Hebrew: צְדָד / Tzedad; translated as "Sedada" in the Vulgate) mentioned in the Old Testament (Book of Numbers, 34:8; Book of Ezekiel, 47:15),[1] on the northeastern boundary of the biblical land of Canaan, the land promised to the Israelites.

Isolated on the edge of the desert, the Aramean (Syriac)[2][3] community has remained predominantly Syriac Orthodox, including after the Muslim conquest of Syria in the mid-7th century. Aramaic is still spoken as a second language by some people in the village.[4] Sadad had been an important bishopric in the past. There was a close connection between Sadad and the Monastery of Saint Moses the Abyssinian; according to Istifan al-Duwayhi, some of the monks of that monastery came from Sadad.[5]

Modern era edit

In 1838, its inhabitants were noted as being predominantly Syriac Christians.[6]

In a report of 1881, a French military attaché described the state of insecurity of Sadad, whose inhabitants seemed to suffer attacks from the Bedouins. Despite the tax its inhabitants regularly paid to the tribes that camped in the region, Sadad remained in constant risk of raiding. The inhabitants had therefore created adobe barricades around the village and its surrounding gardens, thus preventing anyone on horseback to enter without dismounting, which an isolated Bedouin rarely did in enemy territory.[7]

Anthropologist Sulayman Jabbur, writing in the 1980s, noted that most of Sadad's working inhabitants made their income in the textile industry, primarily weaving abayas (robes) and woolen mats for the Bedouin tribesmen of the vicinity.[8] The Bedouin usually acquired their clothing from villages along the desert fringes, such as Sadad, and the latter's inhabitants sold their products either directly to the Bedouin or indirectly via local merchants.[8] According to Jabbur, the craft of weaving abayas was an ancient tradition passed down by generation to Sadad's inhabitants.[8] Sadad was the most important market town for the Bedouin of the region, where they came to purchase clothing, tent equipment, saddles, coffee beans, tea and other supplies.[9]

During the Syrian Civil War, on 21 October 2013, the town was overrun by Islamist militants reportedly belonging to the al-Nusra Front, who set up loudspeakers in the main square, calling for residents to return to their houses. At least nine people were reported killed, as Syrian Army forces were sent in on 22 October to try and retake the town, sparking fierce resistance from the militants. Locals were unsure as to the reason behind the attack, though medical supplies within the town's hospital were a possibility, as well as the presence of a military depot nearby.[10] By 28 October, the Syrian Arab Army had taken back control of Sadad. Visiting church leaders and returning villagers found two mass graves of civilians, including women and children, containing 30 bodies. They were suspected of being massacred by al-Nusra Front militants.[11] Forty-five Christians were killed during the rebel occupation, and several churches were also looted.[12][13]

Demographics edit

The majority of the inhabitants are Christians belonging to the Syriac Orthodox Church.[14] According to the Syriac Orthodox patriarch, Mor Ignatius Aphrem Karim II, Sadad had a population of 15,000 in the summer of 2015, but following the advance of ISIL forces in the area in the fall, about 2,000 inhabitants remained.[15]

Main sights edit

The town is well known for its several churches, in particular, the church of Mar Sarkis and the church of Saint Theodore, both of which have elaborate, ancient frescoes; it is indeed unusual to find paintings on the walls of Syrian churches.[5]

Notable people edit

References edit

  1. ^ Jullien, p. 194; Walvoord & Zuck (ed.), p. 1315; Rogers & Woods, p. 384.
  2. ^ "The aramaic Villages – Sadad".
  3. ^ https://books.google.de/books?id=cBDZAAAAMAAJ&q=صدد+الآراميين،+سوريا&dq=صدد+الآراميين،+سوريا&hl=de&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWqOT1_fmCAxVFgP0HHS8IDYoQ6AF6BAgKEAM#صدد%20الآراميين،%20سوريا, p.73 "Sadad SALTATHA: Today, it is a large village and the center of the Sadad district in the Homs region (6,000 residents of Syriac Orthodox origin). It is located in the Fayafi area. The Arameans are known as Syrians or Syriacs."
  4. ^ El Guindi, p. 176.
  5. ^ a b Dodd.
  6. ^ Smith, in Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. 174
  7. ^ De Courtois, p. 17.
  8. ^ a b c Jabbur 1995, pp. 336-337.
  9. ^ Jabbur 1995, p. 249.
  10. ^ . Reuters. 22 October 2013. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
  11. ^ "Christians in Syria feel forgotten as mass graves found in Sadad". Morning Star News. November 5, 2013.
  12. ^ "Syria: Bodies of massacred Christians found in mass grave". Independent Catholic News. 4 November 2013.
  13. ^ Ibrahim, Raymond (2013-11-22). . Human Events. The Human Events Group. Archived from the original on 2019-06-24. Retrieved 2013-11-26.
  14. ^ Mounes, Maher Al (2015-12-24). . Agence France-Presse. Yahoo News. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2016-05-05.
  15. ^ Moore, Jack (2015-11-10). "Hundreds of Christian Fighters Scramble to Defend Syrian Town as ISIS Advance". Newsweek. Retrieved 2016-05-05.
  16. ^ Barsum, p. 547.

Bibliography edit

  • Barsum, Ignatius Afram I (2003). Moosa, Matti (ed.). The Scattered Pearls: a History of Syriac Literature and Sciences. Gorgias Press.
  • De Courtois, Sébastien (2002). Le Génocide oublié : Chrétiens d'Orient, les derniers Araméens (in French). Ellipses. ISBN 978-2729812300.
  • Dodd, Erica (2001). The Frescoes of Mar Musa al-Habashi: a Study in Medieval Painting in Syria. Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. ISBN 978-0888441393.
  • El Guindi, Fadwa (2008). By Noon Prayer: the Rhythm of Islam. Berg. ISBN 978-1845200978.
  • Jabbur, Jibrail S. (1995). Jabbur, Suhayl J.; Conrad, Lawrence I. (eds.). The Bedouin and the Desert: Aspects of Nomadic Life in the Arab East. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  • Jullien, Michel (1893). Sinaï et Syrie : souvenirs bibliques et chrétiens (in French). Société Saint-Augustin, Desclée de Brouwer et Cie.
  • Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
  • Rogers, Justin M.; Woods, Clyde M. (2006). Leviticus-Numbers. College Press. ISBN 978-0899008783.
  • Walvoord, John F.; Zuck, Roy B., eds. (1985). The Bible Knowledge Commentary: Old Testament. Victor Books. ISBN 978-0882078137.

See also edit

External links edit

  • Syriac-Aramean villages of Homs

34°18′46″N 36°55′33″E / 34.31278°N 36.92583°E / 34.31278; 36.92583

January 01, 1970
sadad, syria, sadad, arabic, صدد, Ṣadad, town, syria, kilometers, south, homs, kilometers, northeast, damascus, over, inhabitants, 2004, census, majority, whom, belonged, syriac, orthodox, church, sadad, ܣܕܕصددtownsadadlocation, syriacoordinates, 31278, 92583,. Sadad Arabic صدد ALA LC Ṣadad is a town in Syria 60 kilometers 37 mi south of Homs and 101 kilometers 63 mi northeast of Damascus It had over 3 500 inhabitants in the 2004 census the majority of whom belonged to the Syriac Orthodox Church Sadad ܣܕܕصددTownSadadLocation in SyriaCoordinates 34 18 46 N 36 55 33 E 34 31278 N 36 92583 E 34 31278 36 92583Country SyriaGovernorateHomsDistrictHomsSubdistrictSadadPopulation 2004 census Total3 503 Contents 1 History 1 1 Early history 1 2 Modern era 2 Demographics 3 Main sights 4 Notable people 5 References 6 Bibliography 7 See also 8 External linksHistory editEarly history edit nbsp Map of Canaan with the border defined by Numbers 34 1 12 shown in red nbsp Sadad shown as a Syriac Diocesese in the Middle Ages Sadad is an ancient village it is thought to be the Zedad Hebrew צ ד ד Tzedad translated as Sedada in the Vulgate mentioned in the Old Testament Book of Numbers 34 8 Book of Ezekiel 47 15 1 on the northeastern boundary of the biblical land of Canaan the land promised to the Israelites Isolated on the edge of the desert the Aramean Syriac 2 3 community has remained predominantly Syriac Orthodox including after the Muslim conquest of Syria in the mid 7th century Aramaic is still spoken as a second language by some people in the village 4 Sadad had been an important bishopric in the past There was a close connection between Sadad and the Monastery of Saint Moses the Abyssinian according to Istifan al Duwayhi some of the monks of that monastery came from Sadad 5 Modern era edit In 1838 its inhabitants were noted as being predominantly Syriac Christians 6 In a report of 1881 a French military attache described the state of insecurity of Sadad whose inhabitants seemed to suffer attacks from the Bedouins Despite the tax its inhabitants regularly paid to the tribes that camped in the region Sadad remained in constant risk of raiding The inhabitants had therefore created adobe barricades around the village and its surrounding gardens thus preventing anyone on horseback to enter without dismounting which an isolated Bedouin rarely did in enemy territory 7 Anthropologist Sulayman Jabbur writing in the 1980s noted that most of Sadad s working inhabitants made their income in the textile industry primarily weaving abayas robes and woolen mats for the Bedouin tribesmen of the vicinity 8 The Bedouin usually acquired their clothing from villages along the desert fringes such as Sadad and the latter s inhabitants sold their products either directly to the Bedouin or indirectly via local merchants 8 According to Jabbur the craft of weaving abayas was an ancient tradition passed down by generation to Sadad s inhabitants 8 Sadad was the most important market town for the Bedouin of the region where they came to purchase clothing tent equipment saddles coffee beans tea and other supplies 9 During the Syrian Civil War on 21 October 2013 the town was overrun by Islamist militants reportedly belonging to the al Nusra Front who set up loudspeakers in the main square calling for residents to return to their houses At least nine people were reported killed as Syrian Army forces were sent in on 22 October to try and retake the town sparking fierce resistance from the militants Locals were unsure as to the reason behind the attack though medical supplies within the town s hospital were a possibility as well as the presence of a military depot nearby 10 By 28 October the Syrian Arab Army had taken back control of Sadad Visiting church leaders and returning villagers found two mass graves of civilians including women and children containing 30 bodies They were suspected of being massacred by al Nusra Front militants 11 Forty five Christians were killed during the rebel occupation and several churches were also looted 12 13 Demographics editThe majority of the inhabitants are Christians belonging to the Syriac Orthodox Church 14 According to the Syriac Orthodox patriarch Mor Ignatius Aphrem Karim II Sadad had a population of 15 000 in the summer of 2015 but following the advance of ISIL forces in the area in the fall about 2 000 inhabitants remained 15 Main sights editThe town is well known for its several churches in particular the church of Mar Sarkis and the church of Saint Theodore both of which have elaborate ancient frescoes it is indeed unusual to find paintings on the walls of Syrian churches 5 Notable people editBarsum Hilal of Sadad priest and calligrapher in the 16th century 16 Abu Firas al Hamdani Baghdadi prince and poet buried at Sadad Ignatius Abded Aloho II Syriac Orthodox Patriarch References edit Jullien p 194 Walvoord amp Zuck ed p 1315 Rogers amp Woods p 384 The aramaic Villages Sadad https books google de books id cBDZAAAAMAAJ amp q صدد الآراميين سوريا amp dq صدد الآراميين سوريا amp hl de amp newbks 1 amp newbks redir 0 amp source gb mobile search amp sa X amp ved 2ahUKEwiWqOT1 fmCAxVFgP0HHS8IDYoQ6AF6BAgKEAM صدد 20الآراميين 20سوريا p 73 Sadad SALTATHA Today it is a large village and the center of the Sadad district in the Homs region 6 000 residents of Syriac Orthodox origin It is located in the Fayafi area The Arameans are known as Syrians or Syriacs El Guindi p 176 a b Dodd Smith in Robinson and Smith 1841 vol 3 2nd appendix p 174 De Courtois p 17 a b c Jabbur 1995 pp 336 337 Jabbur 1995 p 249 Islamist rebels fight army for Christian town in Syria Reuters 22 October 2013 Archived from the original on 25 October 2014 Retrieved 23 October 2013 Christians in Syria feel forgotten as mass graves found in Sadad Morning Star News November 5 2013 Syria Bodies of massacred Christians found in mass grave Independent Catholic News 4 November 2013 Ibrahim Raymond 2013 11 22 Largest Massacre of Christians in Syria Ignored Human Events The Human Events Group Archived from the original on 2019 06 24 Retrieved 2013 11 26 Mounes Maher Al 2015 12 24 Fearful Christmas for Syrian Christian town threatened by IS Agence France Presse Yahoo News Archived from the original on 2018 06 12 Retrieved 2016 05 05 Moore Jack 2015 11 10 Hundreds of Christian Fighters Scramble to Defend Syrian Town as ISIS Advance Newsweek Retrieved 2016 05 05 Barsum p 547 Bibliography editBarsum Ignatius Afram I 2003 Moosa Matti ed The Scattered Pearls a History of Syriac Literature and Sciences Gorgias Press De Courtois Sebastien 2002 Le Genocide oublie Chretiens d Orient les derniers Arameens in French Ellipses ISBN 978 2729812300 Dodd Erica 2001 The Frescoes of Mar Musa al Habashi a Study in Medieval Painting in Syria Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies ISBN 978 0888441393 El Guindi Fadwa 2008 By Noon Prayer the Rhythm of Islam Berg ISBN 978 1845200978 Jabbur Jibrail S 1995 Jabbur Suhayl J Conrad Lawrence I eds The Bedouin and the Desert Aspects of Nomadic Life in the Arab East Albany State University of New York Press Jullien Michel 1893 Sinai et Syrie souvenirs bibliques et chretiens in French Societe Saint Augustin Desclee de Brouwer et Cie Robinson E Smith E 1841 Biblical Researches in Palestine Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea A Journal of Travels in the year 1838 Vol 3 Boston Crocker amp Brewster Rogers Justin M Woods Clyde M 2006 Leviticus Numbers College Press ISBN 978 0899008783 Walvoord John F Zuck Roy B eds 1985 The Bible Knowledge Commentary Old Testament Victor Books ISBN 978 0882078137 See also editFairouzeh Zaidal Maskanah Al Qaryatayn Al HafarExternal links editSyriac Aramean villages of Homs 34 18 46 N 36 55 33 E 34 31278 N 36 92583 E 34 31278 36 92583 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sadad Syria amp oldid 1223504587, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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