Zaña (also Saña) is the capital of Zaña District in the Chiclayo Province of Lambayeque region in northern Peru. It is located 25 kilometres (16 mi) inland from the Pacific Ocean at an elevation of 58 metres (190 ft) in the valley of the Zaña River. Zaña had a population of 4,510 in 2017.[2] The town was founded in 1563 by the Spanish conquerors of Peru. The Zaña Valley became a major area of sugar cane production and Zaña was one of the most important cities of colonial Peru. The wealth of Zaña attracted English pirates who raided the city in 1686. A flood destroyed Zaña in 1720 and it never recovered its previous importance. Ruins from the flood still exist at the edge of the 21st century town.
The ruins of a church destroyed by the flood of 1720.
Imported African slaves made up a major part of the population of the city and its environs during its heyday. The Afro-Peruvian Museum is in Zaña and in 2017 the museum was declared by UNESCO to be a Site of Remembrance of Slavery and African Cultural Heritage.
The city of Zaña (or Saña, as it was known in its early history) was founded in November 1563 by Baltasar Rodriguez with the name of Santiago de Miraflores de Zaña. Conceived as a way-station between the growing towns of Piura to its north and Trujillo to its south, Zaña was soon designated as a city and became the center of an irrigated valley producing sugar cane, wheat, vegetables, and algarrobo (Prosopis). Zaña prospered and attracted rich Spaniards who imported African slaves to work on their haciendas. [3]
In March 1686, Edward Davis, an English pirate, raided Zaña, carrying off the portable wealth of the city and the daughter of a prominent citizen. On March 15, 1720 the city was completely destroyed by a flood in an El Niño year and the Spaniards largely abandoned the town, leaving behind the African slaves who re-created a much diminished community and town. At the end of the 18th century, Zaña had a population of little more than 500 people, of whom 90 were Africans ("negros") and 370 were mestizos of mixed African and indigenous ("indios") heritage. Not a single indigenous person was enumerated in the census.[4]
Slavery was abolished in Peru in 1854, but many of the Afro-Peruvian residents of Zaña continued to work in the sugar industry, especially on the hacienda of the Aspillaga family in Cayalti, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Zaña which was one of the largest sugar producers in Peru in the early 20th century.[5]
In the 1950s Afro-Peruvian siblings Nicomedes and Victoria Santa Cruz initiated a re-discovery of Afro-Peruvian culture, including music and the décima, a style of poetry. Zaña became a symbol of the struggle of Afro-Peruvians to find a place in Peruvian culture. The décimas recount the history of the Afro-Peruvians and a popular song is titled Zaña.[6] In 2005, the Afro-Peruvian Museum opened in Zaňa.[7]
Climate
Zaña does not have a climatic station, but its location, elevation, and climate is similar to that of Chiclayo, 35 kilometres (22 mi) distant. The Köppen Classification of Chiclayo's climate is BWh (hot desert). Chiclayo receives only 21 millimetres (0.83 in) of precipitation annually, nearly all of it during the Austral summer (October to March). However, for a low-elevation tropical location, temperatures are mild due to the influence of the cold Humboldt Current that flows offshore in the Pacific Ocean. Average monthly temperatures range from 25.6 °C (78.1 °F) in February to 19.1 °C (66.4 °F) in September. The lower temperatures in the Austral winter are due to the influence of garua, a cold, misty fog that hangs over the land, especially in the winter. Humidity is high year round.[8]
^"Museo Afroperuano, Zana". Slavery and Remembrance. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
^"Chiclayo, Peru". Climate.org. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
January 31, 2023
zaña, also, saña, capital, district, chiclayo, province, lambayeque, region, northern, peru, located, kilometres, inland, from, pacific, ocean, elevation, metres, valley, river, population, 2017, town, founded, 1563, spanish, conquerors, peru, valley, became, . Zana also Sana is the capital of Zana District in the Chiclayo Province of Lambayeque region in northern Peru It is located 25 kilometres 16 mi inland from the Pacific Ocean at an elevation of 58 metres 190 ft in the valley of the Zana River Zana had a population of 4 510 in 2017 2 The town was founded in 1563 by the Spanish conquerors of Peru The Zana Valley became a major area of sugar cane production and Zana was one of the most important cities of colonial Peru The wealth of Zana attracted English pirates who raided the city in 1686 A flood destroyed Zana in 1720 and it never recovered its previous importance Ruins from the flood still exist at the edge of the 21st century town ZanatownThe main plaza in Zana ZanaLocation in PeruCoordinates 6 54 29 S 79 34 37 W 6 908 S 79 577 W 6 908 79 577 Coordinates 6 54 29 S 79 34 37 W 6 908 S 79 577 W 6 908 79 577CountryPeruRegionLambayequeProvinceChiclayoDistrictZanaElevation 1 58 m 190 ft Population 2017 Total4 510The ruins of a church destroyed by the flood of 1720 Imported African slaves made up a major part of the population of the city and its environs during its heyday The Afro Peruvian Museum is in Zana and in 2017 the museum was declared by UNESCO to be a Site of Remembrance of Slavery and African Cultural Heritage History EditSee also Zana Valley archaeology The city of Zana or Sana as it was known in its early history was founded in November 1563 by Baltasar Rodriguez with the name of Santiago de Miraflores de Zana Conceived as a way station between the growing towns of Piura to its north and Trujillo to its south Zana was soon designated as a city and became the center of an irrigated valley producing sugar cane wheat vegetables and algarrobo Prosopis Zana prospered and attracted rich Spaniards who imported African slaves to work on their haciendas 3 In March 1686 Edward Davis an English pirate raided Zana carrying off the portable wealth of the city and the daughter of a prominent citizen On March 15 1720 the city was completely destroyed by a flood in an El Nino year and the Spaniards largely abandoned the town leaving behind the African slaves who re created a much diminished community and town At the end of the 18th century Zana had a population of little more than 500 people of whom 90 were Africans negros and 370 were mestizos of mixed African and indigenous indios heritage Not a single indigenous person was enumerated in the census 4 Slavery was abolished in Peru in 1854 but many of the Afro Peruvian residents of Zana continued to work in the sugar industry especially on the hacienda of the Aspillaga family in Cayalti 5 kilometres 3 1 mi from Zana which was one of the largest sugar producers in Peru in the early 20th century 5 In the 1950s Afro Peruvian siblings Nicomedes and Victoria Santa Cruz initiated a re discovery of Afro Peruvian culture including music and the decima a style of poetry Zana became a symbol of the struggle of Afro Peruvians to find a place in Peruvian culture The decimas recount the history of the Afro Peruvians and a popular song is titled Zana 6 In 2005 the Afro Peruvian Museum opened in Zana 7 Climate EditZana does not have a climatic station but its location elevation and climate is similar to that of Chiclayo 35 kilometres 22 mi distant The Koppen Classification of Chiclayo s climate is BWh hot desert Chiclayo receives only 21 millimetres 0 83 in of precipitation annually nearly all of it during the Austral summer October to March However for a low elevation tropical location temperatures are mild due to the influence of the cold Humboldt Current that flows offshore in the Pacific Ocean Average monthly temperatures range from 25 6 C 78 1 F in February to 19 1 C 66 4 F in September The lower temperatures in the Austral winter are due to the influence of garua a cold misty fog that hangs over the land especially in the winter Humidity is high year round 8 The town of Zana References Edit Google Earth Peru Lambayeque Region City Population Hampe Martinez Teodoro January 2002 La ciudad de Zana y su entomo ante la inundacion 1720 PDF Revista Andina 34 67 68 Cozart Daniel S African Peruvian Creoles UNM Digital Depository University of New Mexico pp 210 211 Retrieved 22 November 2020 Cozart pp 202 203 Cozart pp 224 228 Museo Afroperuano Zana Slavery and Remembrance Retrieved 22 November 2020 Chiclayo Peru Climate org Retrieved 22 November 2020 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Zana amp oldid 1074201634, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
