Chiclayo (Spanish pronunciation:[tʃiˈklaʝo]; Mochica: Cɥiclaiæp) is the principal city and capital of the Lambayeque region and Chiclayo Province in northern Peru. It is located 13 kilometers (8.1 mi) from the Pacific coast, 208 kilometers from the city of Trujillo and 770 kilometers (480 m) from the country's capital, Lima. It was founded under the name of "Santa María de los Valles de Chiclayo".
Chiclayo
Santa María de los Valles de Chiclayo
Clockwise from top left: Chiclayo Cathedral, also known as Santa María Catedral; statues of the Paseo Yortuque; Walk of the Muses; Basilica of San Antonio de Padua; and Main Park
The city was originally founded by Spanish explorers as "Santa María de los Valles de Chiclayo" in the 16th century, acting as a small town of passage and rest of travelers. It was declared an official city on 15 April 1835 by president Felipe Santiago Salaverry. He named Chiclayo "the Heroic City" to recognize the courage of its citizens in the fight for independence, a title it still holds. Other nicknames for Chiclayo include "The Capital of Friendship" and the "Pearl of the North", due to its kind and friendly nature of its people.
Chiclayo is Peru's fourth-largest city, after Lima, Arequipa, and Trujillo, with a population of 738,000 as of 2011.[2] The Lambayeque region is the fourth most populous metropolitan area of Peru, with a population of 972,713 in 2009.[3] The city is divided into three urban districts, Chiclayo, La Victoria, and José Leonardo Ortiz. The Chiclayo metropolitan area comprises 12 districts. It is the second most populous city in Northern Peru, after its city rival, Trujillo. The city was founded near an important prehistoric archaeological site, the Northern Wari ruins, which constitute the remains of a city from the 7th to 12th century of the Wari Empire. The city was also once part of the Moche culture, which dominated Northern Peru 100 to 700 AD. The Lord of Sipán was the ruler of the Moche and the Sipán mummies are the most popular tourist attraction of city of Lambayeque and Chiclayo, with most tourists arriving from Chiclayo. The Royal Tombs of Sipán Museum in Lambayeque houses thousands of Moche artifacts.
Many different historical accounts tell of the naming of Chiclayo. Some attribute it to an indigenous man known as "chiclayoc" or "chiclayep" who transported plaster between the ancient cities of Zaña, Lambayeque and Morrope.
Another version claims that around the time that the city was founded, the area was home to a green-colored fruit called chiclayep or chiclayop, which in the Mochican language means "green that hangs". In some towns in the highlands of Cajamarca, squashes are known as chiclayos, evidence that this fruit is the origin of the city's name.
Another source indicates that the word is a translation from the extinct Moche language and is derived from the word Cheqta which means "half" and yoc which means "property of".
Others say the Mochican language had words similar to the name, such as Chiclayap or Chekliayok, which means "place where there are green branches".[4]
Symbolsedit
Shieldedit
The coat of arms summarizes important features of the province, such as the one dedicated to the Virgin of the Immaculate Conception, represented in light blue background, which is a Catholic town, represented on the cross, but, also see other items related to the history, geography and landscape.[5]
Descriptionedit
'Tumi' the tumi is a ceremonial knife used by the Lambayeque culture, represents Naylamp.
'Sea' the sea was always very important for its marine resources and legends that are told of it.
'Huerequeque' is the typical bird of the region, is so called because in his song seems to say Huere-que-que-que.
The Moche civilization began between the 1st and 7th centuries AD, occupying a territory that spanned much of what is now the northern coast of Peru, encompassing what is today the coastal area of the departments of Ancash, Lambayeque and La Libertad. This civilization developed a broad knowledge of hydraulic engineering: its people constructed canals to create an irrigation system in order to support agriculture. They produced surpluses, which supported population density and a strong economy for development. The culture was characterized by intensive use of copper in the manufacture of ornamental objects, tools and weapons.[4] The Moche civilization was one of the largest and most influential in Peru, and ruins and archeological sites of the Moche, especially the Lord of Sipán, became large tourist destinations.
During the Moche times, Pampa Grande, near Chiclayo, was a major regional capital.
The Mochicans produced ceramics with elaborate designs, representing religious themes, humans, animals, and scenes of ceremonies and myths reflecting their perception of the world. They were famous for huaco-portraits, which are preserved in museums around the country, highlighting amazing expressiveness, perfection, and realism. The civilization disappeared as a result of disasters caused by El Niño.[4]
The Sican culture (or Lambayeque culture) existed between 700 and 1375AD and occupied the territory that is now the department of Lambayeque, including present-day Chiclayo.
This culture formed towards the end of the Moche civilization and assimilated much of the Moche knowledge and cultural traditions. At its peak, (900-1100), it extended over almost the entire Peruvian coast. The Sican excelled in architecture, jewelry and navigation. A thirty-year drought around the year 1020 hastened the fall of this civilization, along with multiple El Niño disasters .[citation needed]
Soon after, the territories of the Sican Culture were controlled by the Chimu Empire, which would absorb the goldsmithing techniques of the Sicán in the handling of gold and silver, integrating its population into this kingdom. Finally, the Chimu would be conquered by the Inca Pachacutec, in the Inca expansion to the north, integrating the region into the Chinchaysuyo of the Inca empire until the Spanish conquest by Francisco Pizarro.
Colonial periodedit
Parade of the Muses
In the early 16th century, Chiclayo was inhabited by two ethnic groups; the Cinto and Collique. The chieftains of these ethnic groups donated part of their land for the construction of a Franciscan convent. This section of land was approved by the royal decree of 17 September 1585. Thus, with the advocation of Saint Maria of Chiclayo and under the direction of Father Fray Antonio of the Concepción, a church and a Franciscan convent were erected at Chiclayo. At the time of construction of these Spanish-built edifices, the city of Chiclayo was founded. Unlike other major Peruvian colonial cities such as Lima, Piura, Trujillo, or Arequipa, Chiclayo was inhabited by a largely indigenous population rather than Spanish colonizers.[citation needed]
During his expedition, Francisco Pizarro passed through the region of Chiclayo, on his last expedition on his way to Cajamarca, reaching Zaña. At this place the road forked in two, one to the south and the other to Cajamarca, taking the latter in order to meet Incan emperor, Atahualpa, despite the fact that some members of the expedition to Peru suggested that he continue south to what is now Arequipa.
The town was part of the Intendancy of Trujillo that came to have nine districts that were Trujillo, Lambayeque, Piura, Cajamarca, Huamachuco, Chota, Moyobamba, Chachapoyas, Jaén and Maynas, the latter party previously made up the departments of what is now known as (Department of San Martín, Ucayali, Loreto) being the Intendancy of Trujillo the largest in the Viceroyalty of Peru, that is, almost all of the north of present-day Peru; its first intendant was Fernando Saavedra from 1784 to 1791. He was followed by Vicente Gil de Taboada (1791-1805 and 1810-1820), Felice del Risco y Torres (provisional) (1805-1810) and the Marquis of Torre Tagle (1820), who led the independence of the Intendancy.
Parque Central of Chiclayo
Republican eraedit
During the Peruvian War of Independence, Chiclayo supported General José de San Martín's liberating army with soldiers, weapons, horses, and other resources, under the supervision of the most progressive creole, José Leonardo Ortiz, and Juan Manuel Iturregui, Pascual Saco Oliveros and other Lambayecan patriots.
After independence, Chiclayo was still a small village. On 15 April 1835, Chiclayo was proclaimed a city by then-president Felipe Santiago Salaverry, who declared it a "Heroic City" in recognition of the services its people rendered in the War of Independence. The next day, the Chiclayo Province was organized, with Chiclayo designated as its capital and then, capital of the Department of Lambayeque.[citation needed] In 1827, Chiclayo was elevated to the level of villa.
Modern Chiclayoedit
Today, Chiclayo is one of the most important Peruvian cities, being one of the financial and commercial capital of Northern Peru. Its strategic geographic location makes it a rail, communications, and automotive hub. Modern touches include large supermarkets, banking chains, warehouses, hospitals, clinics, and galleries.[6] The planned project, Tren de la Costa, is planned to connect the city of Sullana to Ica, which would include Chiclayo as a station. Numerous projects are being planned to improve the city.
Chiclayo is also known as the "City of Friendship" and Perla del Norte ("Pearl of the North") of Perú, for its kind nature of the people.[6]
Municipal administrationedit
In Chiclayo, the mayor is the head of government. The mayor is democratically elected for a period of four years. Each district also has a mayor, under the supervision of the mayor of Chiclayo. They are responsible for coordinating government administrative action in their district. the current mayor of Chiclayo is Janet Cubas Carranza, who was elected in 2023 and replaced Marco Gasco Arrobas.
Central Chiclayo comprises three districts:[8] Chiclayo, José Leonardo Ortiz, and La Victoria. Peripheral to the central city are three other districts: Pimentel, Pomalca, and Reque. Districts are subdivided into housing developments. The total land mass is 252.39 km2.
Adding Pimentel, Pomalca, and Reque to the City of Chiclayo was proposed by a 1992 urban development plan called "Chiclayo 2020". The program was superseded in 2016 by the Plan de Acondicionamiento Territorial (PAT) and Plan de Desarrollo Urbano (PDU).[9]
Chiclayo is part of the metropolitan area of Chiclayo-Lambayeque. The metropolitan area comprises the six districts of Chiclayo listed above, and six others: Lambayeque, Santa Rosa, Puerto Eten, Eten City, Monsefú, and Reque. Sixty percent of the metropolitan area's population is concentrated in the six districts of Chiclayo[10] The metropolitan area comprises central Chiclayo and adjacent areas, including the provincial capital of Lambayeque, some of which serve as bedroom communities and supply goods to Chiclayo.[10]
Geographyedit
Locationedit
Chiclayo is located 13 kilometers (8.1 miles) from the Pacific Ocean, 208 kilometers from the city of Trujillo and 770 kilometers (480 miles) from the capital and largest city of Peru, Lima. It is located at an altitude of 27 meters (89 feet) above sea level. Much like Trujillo, Chiclayo has great surfing conditions, with Pimentel being the city's most popular beach.
Chiclayo from space
Climateedit
Chiclayo has a warm and very dry desert climate with the sun shining all year around. Since the city of Chiclayo is located in a tropical zone near the Equator, the weather should be hot, humid, and rainy. However, it mostly resembles a subtropical climate, being comfortable and dry. This is due to the strong winds called "cyclones"[clarification needed] that lower temperature to a moderate climate for most of the year except in the summer months where the temperature rises, so summer is often spent in resorts like Puerto Eten and Pimentel. In the summer months (December to May) the temperature is hot from 27 °C to 30 °C during the day and between 19 °C to 21 °C at night, reaching peaks of 31 °C to 33 °C during the day and between 22 °C to 23 °C at night between February and March. which makes it an ideal city to spend the summer in its resorts of Puerto Eten and Pimentel; which makes it different from the rest of the central coast of Peru since it has a longer (6 months) and hotter summer with muggy tropical nights and making beach days more pleasant by counteracting the daytime heat the cold water typical of the Peruvian sea. The winter from July to September, therefore, is much milder, cooler and milder than the central coast of the country, with more sunny days and higher daytime temperatures between 21 °C to 24 °C and windy but less humid nights, with almost the complete absence of the typical drizzle or garúa of Trujillo, Chimbote or Lima. Periodically, every 7, 10 or 15 years, there are high temperatures during the summer that can exceed 35 °C due to the El Niño phenomenon, registering regular rains and extreme increase in river water. During the El Niño phenomenon of 1998, in the month of February, 100 mm of rain per day were recorded, caused by the most powerful storms ever recorded in this city.
Climate data for Chiclayo (1961–1990, extremes 1943–present)
Source 1: NOAA,[11] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[12]
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (mean temperatures 1961–1990, precipitation days 1970–1990 and humidity 1954–1969)[13]
Demographicsedit
Chiclayo
According to the Census of Population and Housing undertaken in 2007, 574,408 people inhabit the area within Chiclayo's city limits or the six municipalities. The metropolitan area has a population of 930,824; it includes other nearby cities like Monsefú and Lambayeque in a ten-minute radius by paved highway. Under the thirty-minute range are, in order of hierarchy, Ferreñafe, Santa Rosa, Eten, Illimo and Tuman. Chiclayo is at the center of the Chancay River delta, in a fertile valley. The city is the fourth largest in Peru, after Lima, Arequipa, and Trujillo.
According to the planning director of Chiclayo, by 2020 the San Jose district belonging to the Lambayeque Province will be completely integrated with the city of Chiclayo. The district has a population 12,156 inhabitants. Most of the district is conurbanized with the rest of Chiclayo.
Paseo de las Musas
Education and cultureedit
University educationedit
The following is a list of the universities located in Chiclayo:
Catholic University of Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo[15]
note: Pedro Ruiz Gallo National University is not in Chiclayo but in near Lambayeque city, 11 km (6.8 mi) distance.
Museumsedit
Royal Tombs of Sipan Museum located in Lambayeque, a city part of Chiclayo's metropolitan area.
Chiclayo is known for having one of the best museums in Peru, with its most famous being the Royal Tombs of Sipán Museum, which is located in the city of Lambayeque, which is part of the Chiclayo metropolitan area. Other museums in Chiclayo are the Huaca Rajada, similar to the Royal Tombs of Sipan Museum, and the Hans Heinrich Bruning National Museum.
On Site Museum in Sipán is the newest and the smallest museum.[17]
Arroz con pato
Foodedit
Chiclayo and the Department of Lambayeque's most popular disesh are the Chiclayo Arroz con pato, rice and duck, and abrito a la norteña. Arroz con pato, rice with duck, is as the name suggests that is also spicy and acidic, containing duck macerated in garlic and vinegar, and peppers. Abrito a la norteña is served with cooked Yucca, lamb, rice and beans, with a varient from Piura containg Tamale instead of yucca. Loche de Lambayque, also known as pumpkin loche, is a type of fruit common in Chiclayo, dating back to pre-hispanic times.
The department of Lambayeque is one of the most touristic in the country. It was home to the ancient civilization of the Moche who created some of the most ingenious monuments and works of art known to ancient Peru. In 1987, royal tombs of ancient Moche rulers were excavated. The artifacts found in the tomb were transferred to the Royal Tomb of Sipan Museum in the city of Lambayeque. Also there are the Brunning Museum and the Sicán Museum in Ferreñafe. These museums display the magnificent ancient artwork produced by the ancient Moche. The pyramids of Túcume are also in this area. In 2007, more than 306,000 tourists visited the museums of Lambayeque. There are more than 20 adobe pyramids all of which are 40 m (130 ft) in height and are in an abundance of vegetation and wildlife. Also in the area is the Chaparrí Ecological Reserve which has abundant biodiversity. The department of Lambayeque boasts some of the best cuisine in Peru. The most popular dish in this area is Arroz con Pato (marinated duck with green rice). The city of Chiclayo, the capital of the department, is the second largest in the Peruvian north and has a vibrant nightlife.
Main Park – Located in the heart of Chiclayo, was built in two sections, it has a pool equipped with three water valves which give rise to three jets of water that form the flag of Peru. Around her are shopping centers, the RENIEC, its cathedral, Hotel Royal, the Old Cinema Tropical and Colonial Theatre and republican buildings and many places where any tourist or citizen might enjoy. Its actual design, with little modification, was built in 1969, a bronze plate still in place attributes the design to Architect Carlos Garrido Lecca.
Pimentel beachCathedral of Chiclayo.- Located in the main square of the city is built in neoclassical style and dates from 1869 by design and drawings of Gustave Eiffel. The cover is two bodies, supported by Doric columns first is in front of three archways. The second presents Corinthian capitals whose intercolumpios appreciate balconies or bay windows. On both sides of the facade stand steeples topped with cupolas. Inside, three bodies, highlights the sculpture of Christ poor and the home of Antonio. The cathedral building was finished near 1945; however, the bells were mounted in 1961.
Municipal Palace – It stood on the north side of the main park, located on Calle San Jose 823. Elegant building construction (1919), cost more than 30,000 pounds of gold; finished in 1924. It has Republican style with large windows and wrought iron gates. It was destroyed partially by a fire caused by a deplorable political brawl between the Deputy Mayor Jose Barreto Sanchez and his opponent then reinstated Mayor Arturo Castillo Chirinos, who tried to recover the position relying on a ruling of the Constitutional Court, just two months of completing the period for which he was elected in October 2006. It has been restored and is operated as a museum. The Consistorial Room is used several times a year at special ceremonies and events.
La Verónica's Chapel – Situated at Torres Paz 294. Built at the end of the nineteenth century. Declared National Historical Monument in 1987. The altars are covered with gold plate and silver.
Basilica San Antonio – It is situated in the intersection of streets Torres Paz and Luis Gonzales. San Antonio is home of the Discalced Fathers of Chiclayo, with modern and simple architecture (1949). The main hall is quite large, has arches and in the altar stands the crucifix articulated in polychrome wood sculpture.
Elías Aguirre Square – Located between Calle Elias Aguirre and San Jose. This was the first place that the travelers could see when getting off the train at the Éten railway station. The statue was made by Peruvian sculptor David Lozano, its construction dates from 1924, and was erected in honor of Commander Elias Aguirre, Chiclayo hero in the Battle of Angamos of 1879.
Municipal Library José Eufemio Lora y Lora – It has one of the largest facilities of its kind in Peru. Due to bad administration and lack of investment of any kind, its collection is extremely poor and outdated meagerly. It has no services such as a Catalog, Internet and multimedia and also lacks professional management with a year budget of under US$18,000. It has no branches (it would take four or five only in the district capital) and should be given priority and a serious investment plan. The collection is under 10,000 mostly old items, when it should be of 50.000 to 90.000 titles, organized and constantly renewed.
Centro Cívico – Civic Center – When the Éten Railway Station was closed, the land was assigned to the Civic Center. The first building was for the Chiclayo Central Mail (now SERPOST), next was the Banco de la Nación, then the Municipal Library JELyL, followed by the SUNAT building, the new Lambayeque Judicial Superior Courts, and finally, the Ministerio Público (Attorneys) of Lambayeque. It is only eight blocks West of the Main Park, near the new location of the operational Provincial Municipality of Chiclayo, now working at the Mutual Chiclayo building.
Parque Infantil – Children Park – It is the largest and one of the oldests parks in the city with many recreational areas, it also has a large stage for outdoor spectacles, as well as a collection of plant species from around the world distributed along the roads of the park with a greenhouse at the end, all in an area of 1.8 hectares (4.4 acres). It is also home for one of the many Boy Scouts groups distributed along the city.
FAP Captain José Abelardo Quiñones González International Airport (IATA: CIX, ICAO: SPHI) is the main airport serving Chiclayo and the surrounding metropolitan area. It is run by ADP, a private airport operator that operates various airports in northern Peru. The airport hosts domestic airlines, international airlines flights, and fuel supply services. The terminal has a runway of 2,520 by 45 m (8,268 by 148 ft).
Four airlines serve Chiclayo's international airport; JetSmart Perú, LATAM Perú and Star Perú offering domestic service to Lima. In July 2016, Copa Airlines began direct flights between Chiclayo and its hub in Panama, making it the first ever international flight to arrive to the city. US-based Spirit Airlines has expressed interest in serving Chiclayo from its hub in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States.[citation needed]Star Perú opened destinations to Tarapoto and Iquitos in December of 2023.
Landedit
Chiclayo, because of its location, serves as a point of interconnection for various cities of the Northeast of the country and has various bus companies which service cities such as Lima, Trujillo, Piura, Cajamarca, Chota, Cutervo, Bagua, Jaén, Chachapoyas, and Tumbes.
To adequately accommodate the transportation demand, the city is served by two different land terminals, one located towards the southern end of the city and another at the northern end on the Panamerican Highway. A substantial number of bus companies have their own terminals, many of them located near the downtown of the city and in nearby areas. These interprovincial buses contribute to the congestion experienced in downtown Chiclayo. To try to solve the problem the city government has proposed a plan to build a central station in the city.
Regionally, there are various different public services such as combis, cousters, colectivos, which provide services within the districts and provinces of the department of Lambayeque. There are also an overwhelming number of private taxis which incessantly honk their horns throughout the downtown area of the city, causing a great deal of unwanted noise pollution.
Augusto B. Leguia was president of Peru in three periods.
José Quiñones Gonzales. National aviation hero; He was born on 22 April 1914 in the District of Pimentel on the coast of the province of Chiclayo, studied his primary education at the National College San Jose City Chiclayo and then transferred to Lima and continued his secondary education at the Colegio sacred Hearts Recoleta and concluded at the National College of Our Lady of Guadalupe, then went on to serve in Peru as an Air Force pilot. Serving in the conflict against Ecuador, he was hit by Ecuadorian artillery and did not parachute from the plane to save his life, but crashed into the enemy target.
Augusto Bernardino Leguía y Salcedo. President of Perú (1908–1912 / 1919–1930); Augusto Bernardino Legui'a Salcedo (Lambayeque, 19 February 1863 – Callao, 6 February 1932) was a Peruvian politician who was President of Peru Constitutional for four periods: 1908–1912, 1919–1925 (with a transitional period prior), 1925–1929, and 1929–1930. In the last three periods, totaling eleventh consecutive year, they are known collectively as the Oncenio. Altogether ruled 15 years, being the most time Peruvian president has ruled.
Luis Castañeda Lossio. Mayor of Lima (2005–2010) (since 2015); Óscar Luis Castañeda Lossio (Chiclayo, 21 June 1945) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician, founder and president of the National Solidarity Party; Ran for presidency in the general election of 2000 Peru and Peru's general elections of 2011, ranking fifth in both occasions. He was Mayor of Lima January 2003 to October 2010, when resignation to run for a second time to the Presidency of the Republic.
Gerardo Pastor Boggiano. Visionary and Mayor of Chiclayo (1970–1974); expanded the North Avenue Balta and rebuilt in particular the lateral part of the municipality, respecting the original design. Built the Civic Center in Chiclayo, the Municipal Library building and then allowing the construction of the Post Office, National Bank that now houses the Public Ministry and the Palace of Justice. He started channeling the Acequia Cois then started building Leguia Avenue. Opened Avenue South Balta from Bolognesi and rebuilt Salaverry Avenue. He always fought for the Olmos Irrigation Project that is a reality today.
Yehude Simon Munaro. Former Minister leader of the cabinet; Yehuda Simon Munaro (* Lima, 18 July 1947 –) is a veterinarian, Peruvian sociologist and politician. The 10 October 2008 was appointed prime minister of Peru, replacing Jorge del Castillo, 1 remained in office until 11 July 2009.
Velásquez Quesquén. Lawyer and politician; presided Congress and was Head of Cabinet in 2009–10; Angel Javier Velásquez (* Eten, Lambayeque, Peru, 12 March 1960) is a lawyer, constitutionalist and Peruvian politician. APRA member since college, representing the constituency of Lambayeque in the Congress of the Republic of Peru since 1995. It was the Prime Minister of Peru from 11 July 2009 until 13 September 2010.
Guía metropolitana, comercial, industrial y estadística de la ciudad de Chiclayo. Ciudad Comercial del Norte peruano. Chiclayo, 2002, incluye un croquis de la ciudad de Chiclayo.
Diario la industria de Chiclayo.suplemento dominical.-Comentarios de la actualización del plan regulador "Chiclayo 2020".
"Ponencia: "Hacia una ciudad sostenible", Ex alcalde de Chiclayo Dr. Arturo Castillo Chirinos.
"Ciudad Heroica" Columna del diario El correo de Chiclayo. Dr. Fernando Bartra Grosso.
" Modernización de Chiclayo ha comenzado" Jorge Incháustegui Samamé. Enlace del catatro Sach.
"Historia de la ciudad de Reque" Ministerio evangelistico nueva vida. Dante Samillán Rodriguez.
"Planificacion y desarrollo de la ciudad de Chiclayo metropolitano". prolongación al sur de la ciudad, -historia de Reque en la ciudad de Chiclayo-, -creación del distrito de la victoria. Dante Samillán Rodriguez.
"Futuro de Chiclayo, encuentro económico APEC, mejoramiento de la ciudad de chiclayo". diario la industria.
ALCALDE, Nélida. Los tugurios en el centro urbano de Chiclayo, 1940–1970. TLS/UNPRG, Lambayeque, 1984.
BAZÁN, Inés y José GÓMEZ. Capitalismo y región en Lambayeque. Instituto de Estudios Sociales Naymlap, Chiclayo, 1983, 125 pp.
CARDOSO, César. "El poder económico en Lambayeque". En: Dominical, Suplemento de La Industria, Chiclayo, domingo 5 de marzo de 1995, pp. 4-5.
BACHMANN, Carlos J. Departamento de Lambayeque. Monografía Histórico – Geográfica.
ASENJO MUNDACA, Clara; SANTA CRUZ ROJAS, Hilda R. Educación y crisis en el distrito de La Victoria 1987–1994. TLS/UNPRG, Lambayeque, 1994.
ALVARADO, D. y F. EFFIO. Desarrollo urbano de la ciudad de Chiclayo 1875–1981. TLS, UNPRG, Lambayeque, 1984.
Plan director 2020 y catastro urbano de la ciudad de Chiclayo.
^Perú: Población estimada al 30 de junio y tasa de crecimiento de las ciudades capitales, por departamento, 2011 y 2015. Perú: Estimaciones y proyecciones de población total por sexo de las principales ciudades, 2012–2015 (Report). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. March 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
^"Local Stats, Info, Weather" 26 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine, TravelsRadiate, 3 August 2011, accessed 3 August 2011.
^ "Station Capitan Jose" (in French). Météo Climat. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
^ "Klimatafel von Chiclayo, Prov. Lambayeque / Peru" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
chiclayo, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, september, 2018, . This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Chiclayo news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2018 Learn how and when to remove this message Chiclayo Spanish pronunciation tʃiˈklaʝo Mochica Cɥiclaiaep is the principal city and capital of the Lambayeque region and Chiclayo Province in northern Peru It is located 13 kilometers 8 1 mi from the Pacific coast 208 kilometers from the city of Trujillo and 770 kilometers 480 m from the country s capital Lima It was founded under the name of Santa Maria de los Valles de Chiclayo Chiclayo Santa Maria de los Valles de ChiclayoClockwise from top left Chiclayo Cathedral also known as Santa Maria Catedral statues of the Paseo Yortuque Walk of the Muses Basilica of San Antonio de Padua and Main ParkFlagSealNickname City of FriendshipChiclayoLocation in PeruCoordinates 6 45 46 66 S 79 50 11 81 W 6 7629611 S 79 8366139 W 6 7629611 79 8366139Country PeruRegionLambayequeProvinceChiclayoDistrictChiclayoSettled18 April 1835Founded byFelipe Santiago SalaverryGovernment TypeMayor council government MayorJanet Cubas Carranza 2013 2026 Area City174 46 km2 67 36 sq mi Elevation27 m 89 ft Population 2022 City609 400 Estimate 2015 1 600 440 Rank4th Urban density5 192 km2 13 450 sq mi Metro812 548DemonymChiclayanoTime zoneUTC 5 PET UBIGEO14000 14013Area code74Websitewww gobiernochiclayo gob pe The city was originally founded by Spanish explorers as Santa Maria de los Valles de Chiclayo in the 16th century acting as a small town of passage and rest of travelers It was declared an official city on 15 April 1835 by president Felipe Santiago Salaverry He named Chiclayo the Heroic City to recognize the courage of its citizens in the fight for independence a title it still holds Other nicknames for Chiclayo include The Capital of Friendship and the Pearl of the North due to its kind and friendly nature of its people Chiclayo is Peru s fourth largest city after Lima Arequipa and Trujillo with a population of 738 000 as of 2011 2 The Lambayeque region is the fourth most populous metropolitan area of Peru with a population of 972 713 in 2009 3 The city is divided into three urban districts Chiclayo La Victoria and Jose Leonardo Ortiz The Chiclayo metropolitan area comprises 12 districts It is the second most populous city in Northern Peru after its city rival Trujillo The city was founded near an important prehistoric archaeological site the Northern Wari ruins which constitute the remains of a city from the 7th to 12th century of the Wari Empire The city was also once part of the Moche culture which dominated Northern Peru 100 to 700 AD The Lord of Sipan was the ruler of the Moche and the Sipan mummies are the most popular tourist attraction of city of Lambayeque and Chiclayo with most tourists arriving from Chiclayo The Royal Tombs of Sipan Museum in Lambayeque houses thousands of Moche artifacts Contents 1 Etymology 2 Symbols 2 1 Shield 2 1 1 Description 3 History 3 1 Pre Columbian cultures 3 1 1 Mochica culture 3 1 2 Sican culture 3 2 Colonial period 3 3 Republican era 3 4 Modern Chiclayo 4 Municipal administration 4 1 Districts 4 2 Metropolitan area 5 Geography 5 1 Location 5 2 Climate 6 Demographics 7 Education and culture 7 1 University education 7 2 Museums 7 3 Food 7 4 Sport 8 Sights and attractions 9 Transportation 9 1 Air 9 2 Land 10 Twin towns sister cities 11 Notable people 12 See also 13 Bibliography 14 References 15 External linksEtymology editMany different historical accounts tell of the naming of Chiclayo Some attribute it to an indigenous man known as chiclayoc or chiclayep who transported plaster between the ancient cities of Zana Lambayeque and Morrope Another version claims that around the time that the city was founded the area was home to a green colored fruit called chiclayep or chiclayop which in the Mochican language means green that hangs In some towns in the highlands of Cajamarca squashes are known as chiclayos evidence that this fruit is the origin of the city s name Another source indicates that the word is a translation from the extinct Moche language and is derived from the word Cheqta which means half and yoc which means property of Others say the Mochican language had words similar to the name such as Chiclayap or Chekliayok which means place where there are green branches 4 Symbols editShield edit The coat of arms summarizes important features of the province such as the one dedicated to the Virgin of the Immaculate Conception represented in light blue background which is a Catholic town represented on the cross but also see other items related to the history geography and landscape 5 Description edit Tumi the tumi is a ceremonial knife used by the Lambayeque culture represents Naylamp Sea the sea was always very important for its marine resources and legends that are told of it Huerequeque is the typical bird of the region is so called because in his song seems to say Huere que que que History editPre Columbian cultures edit Mochica culture edit Main article Moche culture nbsp The Lord of Sipan tomb The Moche civilization began between the 1st and 7th centuries AD occupying a territory that spanned much of what is now the northern coast of Peru encompassing what is today the coastal area of the departments of Ancash Lambayeque and La Libertad This civilization developed a broad knowledge of hydraulic engineering its people constructed canals to create an irrigation system in order to support agriculture They produced surpluses which supported population density and a strong economy for development The culture was characterized by intensive use of copper in the manufacture of ornamental objects tools and weapons 4 The Moche civilization was one of the largest and most influential in Peru and ruins and archeological sites of the Moche especially the Lord of Sipan became large tourist destinations During the Moche times Pampa Grande near Chiclayo was a major regional capital The Mochicans produced ceramics with elaborate designs representing religious themes humans animals and scenes of ceremonies and myths reflecting their perception of the world They were famous for huaco portraits which are preserved in museums around the country highlighting amazing expressiveness perfection and realism The civilization disappeared as a result of disasters caused by El Nino 4 Sican culture edit Main article Sican culture The Sican culture or Lambayeque culture existed between 700 and 1375AD and occupied the territory that is now the department of Lambayeque including present day Chiclayo This culture formed towards the end of the Moche civilization and assimilated much of the Moche knowledge and cultural traditions At its peak 900 1100 it extended over almost the entire Peruvian coast The Sican excelled in architecture jewelry and navigation A thirty year drought around the year 1020 hastened the fall of this civilization along with multiple El Nino disasters citation needed Soon after the territories of the Sican Culture were controlled by the Chimu Empire which would absorb the goldsmithing techniques of the Sican in the handling of gold and silver integrating its population into this kingdom Finally the Chimu would be conquered by the Inca Pachacutec in the Inca expansion to the north integrating the region into the Chinchaysuyo of the Inca empire until the Spanish conquest by Francisco Pizarro Colonial period edit nbsp Parade of the Muses In the early 16th century Chiclayo was inhabited by two ethnic groups the Cinto and Collique The chieftains of these ethnic groups donated part of their land for the construction of a Franciscan convent This section of land was approved by the royal decree of 17 September 1585 Thus with the advocation of Saint Maria of Chiclayo and under the direction of Father Fray Antonio of the Concepcion a church and a Franciscan convent were erected at Chiclayo At the time of construction of these Spanish built edifices the city of Chiclayo was founded Unlike other major Peruvian colonial cities such as Lima Piura Trujillo or Arequipa Chiclayo was inhabited by a largely indigenous population rather than Spanish colonizers citation needed During his expedition Francisco Pizarro passed through the region of Chiclayo on his last expedition on his way to Cajamarca reaching Zana At this place the road forked in two one to the south and the other to Cajamarca taking the latter in order to meet Incan emperor Atahualpa despite the fact that some members of the expedition to Peru suggested that he continue south to what is now Arequipa The town was part of the Intendancy of Trujillo that came to have nine districts that were Trujillo Lambayeque Piura Cajamarca Huamachuco Chota Moyobamba Chachapoyas Jaen and Maynas the latter party previously made up the departments of what is now known as Department of San Martin Ucayali Loreto being the Intendancy of Trujillo the largest in the Viceroyalty of Peru that is almost all of the north of present day Peru its first intendant was Fernando Saavedra from 1784 to 1791 He was followed by Vicente Gil de Taboada 1791 1805 and 1810 1820 Felice del Risco y Torres provisional 1805 1810 and the Marquis of Torre Tagle 1820 who led the independence of the Intendancy nbsp Parque Central of Chiclayo Republican era edit During the Peruvian War of Independence Chiclayo supported General Jose de San Martin s liberating army with soldiers weapons horses and other resources under the supervision of the most progressive creole Jose Leonardo Ortiz and Juan Manuel Iturregui Pascual Saco Oliveros and other Lambayecan patriots After independence Chiclayo was still a small village On 15 April 1835 Chiclayo was proclaimed a city by then president Felipe Santiago Salaverry who declared it a Heroic City in recognition of the services its people rendered in the War of Independence The next day the Chiclayo Province was organized with Chiclayo designated as its capital and then capital of the Department of Lambayeque citation needed In 1827 Chiclayo was elevated to the level of villa Modern Chiclayo edit Today Chiclayo is one of the most important Peruvian cities being one of the financial and commercial capital of Northern Peru Its strategic geographic location makes it a rail communications and automotive hub Modern touches include large supermarkets banking chains warehouses hospitals clinics and galleries 6 The planned project Tren de la Costa is planned to connect the city of Sullana to Ica which would include Chiclayo as a station Numerous projects are being planned to improve the city Chiclayo is also known as the City of Friendship and Perla del Norte Pearl of the North of Peru for its kind nature of the people 6 Municipal administration editIn Chiclayo the mayor is the head of government The mayor is democratically elected for a period of four years Each district also has a mayor under the supervision of the mayor of Chiclayo They are responsible for coordinating government administrative action in their district the current mayor of Chiclayo is Janet Cubas Carranza who was elected in 2023 and replaced Marco Gasco Arrobas Recent mayors of Chiclayo 7 Period Mayor Political party 1993 1995 Arturo Castillo Chirinos AP FREDEMO 1996 1998 Miguel Angel Bartra Grosso AP FREDEMO 1999 2002 Miguel Angel Bartra Grosso Adelante Chiclayo 2003 2006 Arturo Castillo Chirinos AP FREDEMO 2007 2011 Roberto Torres Gonzales Todos por Lambayeque Manos Limpias 2011 2015 Roberto Torres Gonzales Movimiento Regional de las Manos Limpias 2015 2018 David Cornejo Chinguel Alianza para el progreso 2019 2022 Marco Gasco Arrobas Podemos Peru Districts edit nbsp Chiclayo Central Chiclayo comprises three districts 8 Chiclayo Jose Leonardo Ortiz and La Victoria Peripheral to the central city are three other districts Pimentel Pomalca and Reque Districts are subdivided into housing developments The total land mass is 252 39 km2 Adding Pimentel Pomalca and Reque to the City of Chiclayo was proposed by a 1992 urban development plan called Chiclayo 2020 The program was superseded in 2016 by the Plan de Acondicionamiento Territorial PAT and Plan de Desarrollo Urbano PDU 9 Metropolitan area edit Main article Chiclayo metropolitan area Chiclayo is part of the metropolitan area of Chiclayo Lambayeque The metropolitan area comprises the six districts of Chiclayo listed above and six others Lambayeque Santa Rosa Puerto Eten Eten City Monsefu and Reque Sixty percent of the metropolitan area s population is concentrated in the six districts of Chiclayo 10 The metropolitan area comprises central Chiclayo and adjacent areas including the provincial capital of Lambayeque some of which serve as bedroom communities and supply goods to Chiclayo 10 Geography editLocation edit Chiclayo is located 13 kilometers 8 1 miles from the Pacific Ocean 208 kilometers from the city of Trujillo and 770 kilometers 480 miles from the capital and largest city of Peru Lima It is located at an altitude of 27 meters 89 feet above sea level Much like Trujillo Chiclayo has great surfing conditions with Pimentel being the city s most popular beach nbsp Chiclayo from space Climate edit Chiclayo has a warm and very dry desert climate with the sun shining all year around Since the city of Chiclayo is located in a tropical zone near the Equator the weather should be hot humid and rainy However it mostly resembles a subtropical climate being comfortable and dry This is due to the strong winds called cyclones clarification needed that lower temperature to a moderate climate for most of the year except in the summer months where the temperature rises so summer is often spent in resorts like Puerto Eten and Pimentel In the summer months December to May the temperature is hot from 27 C to 30 C during the day and between 19 C to 21 C at night reaching peaks of 31 C to 33 C during the day and between 22 C to 23 C at night between February and March which makes it an ideal city to spend the summer in its resorts of Puerto Eten and Pimentel which makes it different from the rest of the central coast of Peru since it has a longer 6 months and hotter summer with muggy tropical nights and making beach days more pleasant by counteracting the daytime heat the cold water typical of the Peruvian sea The winter from July to September therefore is much milder cooler and milder than the central coast of the country with more sunny days and higher daytime temperatures between 21 C to 24 C and windy but less humid nights with almost the complete absence of the typical drizzle or garua of Trujillo Chimbote or Lima Periodically every 7 10 or 15 years there are high temperatures during the summer that can exceed 35 C due to the El Nino phenomenon registering regular rains and extreme increase in river water During the El Nino phenomenon of 1998 in the month of February 100 mm of rain per day were recorded caused by the most powerful storms ever recorded in this city Climate data for Chiclayo 1961 1990 extremes 1943 present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high C F 36 2 97 2 38 0 100 4 36 0 96 8 39 2 102 6 34 9 94 8 34 7 94 5 35 4 95 7 31 4 88 5 30 5 86 9 30 0 86 0 32 2 90 0 34 0 93 2 39 2 102 6 Mean daily maximum C F 29 1 84 4 30 5 86 9 30 3 86 5 28 8 83 8 26 6 79 9 24 9 76 8 23 6 74 5 23 4 74 1 23 6 74 5 24 2 75 6 25 3 77 5 27 1 80 8 26 4 79 5 Daily mean C F 23 4 74 1 24 3 75 7 24 3 75 7 22 8 73 0 21 1 70 0 19 9 67 8 18 8 65 8 18 4 65 1 18 3 64 9 18 8 65 8 19 7 67 5 21 8 71 2 21 0 69 8 Mean daily minimum C F 19 3 66 7 20 5 68 9 20 5 68 9 19 1 66 4 17 8 64 0 16 7 62 1 15 7 60 3 15 3 59 5 15 2 59 4 15 6 60 1 16 3 61 3 17 6 63 7 17 5 63 5 Record low C F 15 0 59 0 16 0 60 8 10 5 50 9 12 8 55 0 11 0 51 8 12 8 55 0 12 0 53 6 11 0 51 8 12 0 53 6 12 0 53 6 10 0 50 0 10 0 50 0 10 0 50 0 Average precipitation mm inches 5 9 0 23 2 4 0 09 8 8 0 35 4 0 0 16 1 3 0 05 0 4 0 02 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 01 0 6 0 02 0 8 0 03 1 9 0 07 0 5 0 02 26 9 1 06 Average precipitation days 1 0 mm 1 2 1 3 3 6 1 9 0 7 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 4 0 3 0 6 10 6 Average relative humidity 73 72 74 75 76 78 79 80 79 79 78 76 77 Source 1 NOAA 11 Meteo Climat record highs and lows 12 Source 2 Deutscher Wetterdienst mean temperatures 1961 1990 precipitation days 1970 1990 and humidity 1954 1969 13 Demographics edit nbsp Chiclayo According to the Census of Population and Housing undertaken in 2007 574 408 people inhabit the area within Chiclayo s city limits or the six municipalities The metropolitan area has a population of 930 824 it includes other nearby cities like Monsefu and Lambayeque in a ten minute radius by paved highway Under the thirty minute range are in order of hierarchy Ferrenafe Santa Rosa Eten Illimo and Tuman Chiclayo is at the center of the Chancay River delta in a fertile valley The city is the fourth largest in Peru after Lima Arequipa and Trujillo Municipalities ofthe city Areakm2 Population census 2007 Households 2007 Density hab km2 Elevationmasl Distance frommain square km Chiclayo center 50 35 260 948 60 325 5 182 7 27 0 km Jose Leonardo Ortiz 28 22 167 717 34 641 5 943 2 28 1 5 km La Victoria 29 36 77 699 16 447 2 646 4 23 2 4 km Pomalca 80 35 23 092 5 802 287 39 29 7 km Reque 47 03 12 606 3 664 268 04 21 8 km Pimentel 66 53 32 346 9 301 486 2 4 11 9 km Total 301 84 km2 574 408 130 180 1 903 02 Data from the census taken by the INEI 14 According to the planning director of Chiclayo by 2020 the San Jose district belonging to the Lambayeque Province will be completely integrated with the city of Chiclayo The district has a population 12 156 inhabitants Most of the district is conurbanized with the rest of Chiclayo nbsp Paseo de las MusasEducation and culture editUniversity education edit The following is a list of the universities located in Chiclayo Catholic University of Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo 15 Private University of Juan Mejia Baca 16 Senor de Sipan University 15 Private University of Chiclayo 15 University of Lambayeque 15 San Martin de Porres University 15 Cesar Vallejo University 15 Alas Peruanas University 15 Federal Republic of Germany Institute 15 Senati National Industrial Training Service 15 note Pedro Ruiz Gallo National University is not in Chiclayo but in near Lambayeque city 11 km 6 8 mi distance Museums edit nbsp Royal Tombs of Sipan Museum located in Lambayeque a city part of Chiclayo s metropolitan area Chiclayo is known for having one of the best museums in Peru with its most famous being the Royal Tombs of Sipan Museum which is located in the city of Lambayeque which is part of the Chiclayo metropolitan area Other museums in Chiclayo are the Huaca Rajada similar to the Royal Tombs of Sipan Museum and the Hans Heinrich Bruning National Museum The following is a list of museums in the area Huaca Rajada Sipan Museum 17 Royal Tombs of Sipan Museum 17 Sican National Museum 17 Hans Heinrich Bruning National Museum 17 Museum of Valley of the Pyramids of Tucume 17 On Site Museum in Sipan is the newest and the smallest museum 17 nbsp Arroz con pato Food edit Chiclayo and the Department of Lambayeque s most popular disesh are the Chiclayo Arroz con pato rice and duck and abrito a la nortena Arroz con pato rice with duck is as the name suggests that is also spicy and acidic containing duck macerated in garlic and vinegar and peppers Abrito a la nortena is served with cooked Yucca lamb rice and beans with a varient from Piura containg Tamale instead of yucca Loche de Lambayque also known as pumpkin loche is a type of fruit common in Chiclayo dating back to pre hispanic times Sport edit Association football or soccer is the most popular sport in Chiclayo Chiclayos most popular football club is Juan Aurich of the Peruvian Segunda Division who were champions of the Peruvian Primera Division in 2011 Other football clubs in Chiclayo are FC Carlos Stein and Pirata FC Chiclayos main and largest stadium is Estadio Elias Aguirre which has a capacity of 24 500 and hosted the 2004 Copa America and 2005 FIFA U 17 World Championship which was hosted in Peru Other popular sports in Chiclayo is Volleyball Basketball and Rugby Sights and attractions editMain article Tourism in Peru Destinations by Department Lambayeque nbsp Front face of the cathedral of Chiclayo The department of Lambayeque is one of the most touristic in the country It was home to the ancient civilization of the Moche who created some of the most ingenious monuments and works of art known to ancient Peru In 1987 royal tombs of ancient Moche rulers were excavated The artifacts found in the tomb were transferred to the Royal Tomb of Sipan Museum in the city of Lambayeque Also there are the Brunning Museum and the Sican Museum in Ferrenafe These museums display the magnificent ancient artwork produced by the ancient Moche The pyramids of Tucume are also in this area In 2007 more than 306 000 tourists visited the museums of Lambayeque There are more than 20 adobe pyramids all of which are 40 m 130 ft in height and are in an abundance of vegetation and wildlife Also in the area is the Chaparri Ecological Reserve which has abundant biodiversity The department of Lambayeque boasts some of the best cuisine in Peru The most popular dish in this area is Arroz con Pato marinated duck with green rice The city of Chiclayo the capital of the department is the second largest in the Peruvian north and has a vibrant nightlife Main Park Located in the heart of Chiclayo was built in two sections it has a pool equipped with three water valves which give rise to three jets of water that form the flag of Peru Around her are shopping centers the RENIEC its cathedral Hotel Royal the Old Cinema Tropical and Colonial Theatre and republican buildings and many places where any tourist or citizen might enjoy Its actual design with little modification was built in 1969 a bronze plate still in place attributes the design to Architect Carlos Garrido Lecca nbsp Pimentel beachCathedral of Chiclayo Located in the main square of the city is built in neoclassical style and dates from 1869 by design and drawings of Gustave Eiffel The cover is two bodies supported by Doric columns first is in front of three archways The second presents Corinthian capitals whose intercolumpios appreciate balconies or bay windows On both sides of the facade stand steeples topped with cupolas Inside three bodies highlights the sculpture of Christ poor and the home of Antonio The cathedral building was finished near 1945 however the bells were mounted in 1961 Municipal Palace It stood on the north side of the main park located on Calle San Jose 823 Elegant building construction 1919 cost more than 30 000 pounds of gold finished in 1924 It has Republican style with large windows and wrought iron gates It was destroyed partially by a fire caused by a deplorable political brawl between the Deputy Mayor Jose Barreto Sanchez and his opponent then reinstated Mayor Arturo Castillo Chirinos who tried to recover the position relying on a ruling of the Constitutional Court just two months of completing the period for which he was elected in October 2006 It has been restored and is operated as a museum The Consistorial Room is used several times a year at special ceremonies and events La Veronica s Chapel Situated at Torres Paz 294 Built at the end of the nineteenth century Declared National Historical Monument in 1987 The altars are covered with gold plate and silver Basilica San Antonio It is situated in the intersection of streets Torres Paz and Luis Gonzales San Antonio is home of the Discalced Fathers of Chiclayo with modern and simple architecture 1949 The main hall is quite large has arches and in the altar stands the crucifix articulated in polychrome wood sculpture Elias Aguirre Square Located between Calle Elias Aguirre and San Jose This was the first place that the travelers could see when getting off the train at the Eten railway station The statue was made by Peruvian sculptor David Lozano its construction dates from 1924 and was erected in honor of Commander Elias Aguirre Chiclayo hero in the Battle of Angamos of 1879 Municipal Library Jose Eufemio Lora y Lora It has one of the largest facilities of its kind in Peru Due to bad administration and lack of investment of any kind its collection is extremely poor and outdated meagerly It has no services such as a Catalog Internet and multimedia and also lacks professional management with a year budget of under US 18 000 It has no branches it would take four or five only in the district capital and should be given priority and a serious investment plan The collection is under 10 000 mostly old items when it should be of 50 000 to 90 000 titles organized and constantly renewed Centro Civico Civic Center When the Eten Railway Station was closed the land was assigned to the Civic Center The first building was for the Chiclayo Central Mail now SERPOST next was the Banco de la Nacion then the Municipal Library JELyL followed by the SUNAT building the new Lambayeque Judicial Superior Courts and finally the Ministerio Publico Attorneys of Lambayeque It is only eight blocks West of the Main Park near the new location of the operational Provincial Municipality of Chiclayo now working at the Mutual Chiclayo building Parque Infantil Children Park It is the largest and one of the oldests parks in the city with many recreational areas it also has a large stage for outdoor spectacles as well as a collection of plant species from around the world distributed along the roads of the park with a greenhouse at the end all in an area of 1 8 hectares 4 4 acres It is also home for one of the many Boy Scouts groups distributed along the city Transportation editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed January 2023 Learn how and when to remove this message Air edit nbsp The entrance to the passenger terminal FAP Captain Jose Abelardo Quinones Gonzalez International Airport IATA CIX ICAO SPHI is the main airport serving Chiclayo and the surrounding metropolitan area It is run by ADP a private airport operator that operates various airports in northern Peru The airport hosts domestic airlines international airlines flights and fuel supply services The terminal has a runway of 2 520 by 45 m 8 268 by 148 ft Four airlines serve Chiclayo s international airport JetSmart Peru LATAM Peru and Star Peru offering domestic service to Lima In July 2016 Copa Airlines began direct flights between Chiclayo and its hub in Panama making it the first ever international flight to arrive to the city US based Spirit Airlines has expressed interest in serving Chiclayo from its hub in Fort Lauderdale Florida United States citation needed Star Peru opened destinations to Tarapoto and Iquitos in December of 2023 Land edit Chiclayo because of its location serves as a point of interconnection for various cities of the Northeast of the country and has various bus companies which service cities such as Lima Trujillo Piura Cajamarca Chota Cutervo Bagua Jaen Chachapoyas and Tumbes To adequately accommodate the transportation demand the city is served by two different land terminals one located towards the southern end of the city and another at the northern end on the Panamerican Highway A substantial number of bus companies have their own terminals many of them located near the downtown of the city and in nearby areas These interprovincial buses contribute to the congestion experienced in downtown Chiclayo To try to solve the problem the city government has proposed a plan to build a central station in the city Regionally there are various different public services such as combis cousters colectivos which provide services within the districts and provinces of the department of Lambayeque There are also an overwhelming number of private taxis which incessantly honk their horns throughout the downtown area of the city causing a great deal of unwanted noise pollution Twin towns sister cities editChiclayo is twinned with nbsp Banfield Argentina nbsp Bocono Venezuela nbsp Cuenca Ecuador nbsp Loja EcuadorNotable people edit nbsp Augusto B Leguia was president of Peru in three periods Jose Quinones Gonzales National aviation hero He was born on 22 April 1914 in the District of Pimentel on the coast of the province of Chiclayo studied his primary education at the National College San Jose City Chiclayo and then transferred to Lima and continued his secondary education at the Colegio sacred Hearts Recoleta and concluded at the National College of Our Lady of Guadalupe then went on to serve in Peru as an Air Force pilot Serving in the conflict against Ecuador he was hit by Ecuadorian artillery and did not parachute from the plane to save his life but crashed into the enemy target Augusto Bernardino Leguia y Salcedo President of Peru 1908 1912 1919 1930 Augusto Bernardino Legui a Salcedo Lambayeque 19 February 1863 Callao 6 February 1932 was a Peruvian politician who was President of Peru Constitutional for four periods 1908 1912 1919 1925 with a transitional period prior 1925 1929 and 1929 1930 In the last three periods totaling eleventh consecutive year they are known collectively as the Oncenio Altogether ruled 15 years being the most time Peruvian president has ruled Luis Castaneda Lossio Mayor of Lima 2005 2010 since 2015 oscar Luis Castaneda Lossio Chiclayo 21 June 1945 is a Peruvian lawyer and politician founder and president of the National Solidarity Party Ran for presidency in the general election of 2000 Peru and Peru s general elections of 2011 ranking fifth in both occasions He was Mayor of Lima January 2003 to October 2010 when resignation to run for a second time to the Presidency of the Republic Gerardo Pastor Boggiano Visionary and Mayor of Chiclayo 1970 1974 expanded the North Avenue Balta and rebuilt in particular the lateral part of the municipality respecting the original design Built the Civic Center in Chiclayo the Municipal Library building and then allowing the construction of the Post Office National Bank that now houses the Public Ministry and the Palace of Justice He started channeling the Acequia Cois then started building Leguia Avenue Opened Avenue South Balta from Bolognesi and rebuilt Salaverry Avenue He always fought for the Olmos Irrigation Project that is a reality today Yehude Simon Munaro Former Minister leader of the cabinet Yehuda Simon Munaro Lima 18 July 1947 is a veterinarian Peruvian sociologist and politician The 10 October 2008 was appointed prime minister of Peru replacing Jorge del Castillo 1 remained in office until 11 July 2009 Eduardo Orrego Villacorta architect Velasquez Quesquen Lawyer and politician presided Congress and was Head of Cabinet in 2009 10 Angel Javier Velasquez Eten Lambayeque Peru 12 March 1960 is a lawyer constitutionalist and Peruvian politician APRA member since college representing the constituency of Lambayeque in the Congress of the Republic of Peru since 1995 It was the Prime Minister of Peru from 11 July 2009 until 13 September 2010 Tania Libertad international singerSee also editMetropolitan areas of Peru Lambayeque Region Bibliography of LambayequeBibliography editGuia metropolitana comercial industrial y estadistica de la ciudad de Chiclayo Ciudad Comercial del Norte peruano Chiclayo 2002 incluye un croquis de la ciudad de Chiclayo Diario la industria de Chiclayo suplemento dominical Comentarios de la actualizacion del plan regulador Chiclayo 2020 Ponencia Hacia una ciudad sostenible Ex alcalde de Chiclayo Dr Arturo Castillo Chirinos Ciudad Heroica Columna del diario El correo de Chiclayo Dr Fernando Bartra Grosso Modernizacion de Chiclayo ha comenzado Jorge Inchaustegui Samame Enlace del catatro Sach Historia de la ciudad de Reque Ministerio evangelistico nueva vida Dante Samillan Rodriguez Planificacion y desarrollo de la ciudad de Chiclayo metropolitano prolongacion al sur de la ciudad historia de Reque en la ciudad de Chiclayo creacion del distrito de la victoria Dante Samillan Rodriguez Futuro de Chiclayo encuentro economico APEC mejoramiento de la ciudad de chiclayo diario la industria ALCALDE Nelida Los tugurios en el centro urbano de Chiclayo 1940 1970 TLS UNPRG Lambayeque 1984 BAZAN Ines y Jose GoMEZ Capitalismo y region en Lambayeque Instituto de Estudios Sociales Naymlap Chiclayo 1983 125 pp CARDOSO Cesar El poder economico en Lambayeque En Dominical Suplemento de La Industria Chiclayo domingo 5 de marzo de 1995 pp 4 5 BACHMANN Carlos J Departamento de Lambayeque Monografia Historico Geografica ASENJO MUNDACA Clara SANTA CRUZ ROJAS Hilda R Educacion y crisis en el distrito de La Victoria 1987 1994 TLS UNPRG Lambayeque 1994 ALVARADO D y F EFFIO Desarrollo urbano de la ciudad de Chiclayo 1875 1981 TLS UNPRG Lambayeque 1984 Plan director 2020 y catastro urbano de la ciudad de Chiclayo Tourism in Peru Destinations by Department 23Lambayeque es Javier Velasquez Quesquen es Augusto LeguiaReferences edit Peru Poblacion estimada al 30 de junio y tasa de crecimiento de las ciudades capitales por departamento 2011 y 2015 Peru Estimaciones y proyecciones de poblacion total por sexo de las principales ciudades 2012 2015 Report Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica March 2012 Retrieved 3 June 2015 Local Stats Info Weather Archived 26 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine TravelsRadiate 3 August 2011 accessed 3 August 2011 World Gazetteer com a b c Historia de Chiclayo Lambayeque net Archived from the original on 12 December 2017 Retrieved 4 May 2013 Mi tierra en la Web Escudo de Chiclayo mitierraenlaweb blogspot com 18 April 2011 Retrieved 20 November 2015 a b Cabrejos Juan Raices mochicas de Chiclayo perla del norte del Peru El Comercio Retrieved 29 April 2013 es Anexo Alcaldes de Chiclayo Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica 2012 p 39 Municipalidad Provincial de Chiclayo Planes Urbanos Municipalidad Provincial de Chiclayo in Spanish Retrieved 21 January 2019 a b Gerencia de Urbanismo Archived from the original on 10 February 2013 Retrieved 24 February 2014 Chiclayo Climate Normals 1961 1990 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved 23 April 2015 Station Capitan Jose in French Meteo Climat Retrieved 27 June 2017 Klimatafel von Chiclayo Prov Lambayeque Peru PDF Baseline climate means 1961 1990 from stations all over the world in German Deutscher Wetterdienst Retrieved 4 July 2017 INEI Census 2007 Archived 23 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine a b c d e f g h i Educacion superior Educacion superior Paginas Amarillas Retrieved 4 May 2013 Educacion superior Educacion superior Retrieved 20 May 2013 a b c d e f MUSEOS EN LAMBAYEQUE MUSEOS EN LAMBAYEQUE MUSEOS EN LAMBAYEQUE Lambayeque Archived from the original on 17 June 2015 Retrieved 4 May 2013 External links edit nbsp Media related to Chiclayo at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Chiclayo travel guide from Wikivoyage Chiclayo Collier s New Encyclopedia 1921 6 45 46 66 S 79 50 11 81 W 6 7629611 S 79 8366139 W 6 7629611 79 8366139 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chiclayo amp oldid 1220233611, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
