Specimens of Yulong were collected near Qiupa Town in Luanchuan County, Henan Province, from the Qiupa Formation. The exact geological age of the Qiupa Formation is unknown, but it probably dates to the Late Cretaceous based on the presence of oviraptorids (Yulong), dromaeosaurids (Luanchuanraptor), ornithomimids (Qiupalong), alvarezsaurs (Qiupanykus) and other, undescribed, derived dinosaur specimens.[1]
Yulong was first described and named by Junchang Lü, Philip J. Currie, Li Xu, Xingliao Zhang, Hanyong Pu and Songhai Jia in 2013 and the type species is Yulong mini. The generic name is derived from Chinese 豫 (Yù), the one-character abbreviation of Henan Province, in reference to the occurrence of the genus, and from 龙/龍 lóng meaning "dragon" - a suffix commonly used to name Chinese dinosaurs like the Greeksaurus is in the West. The specific name, mini, refers to the small size of the specimens.[1]
Yulong is based on a syntype series of five specimens: HGM 41HIII-0107: an exceptionally well-preserved skeleton with a skull and lower jaws that is housed in the Henan Geological Museum, only lacking the skull and the neck base; HGM 41HIII-0108: a skull lacking the lower jaws; HGM 41HIII-0109: a partial skeleton with skull and lower jaws; HGM 41HIII-0110: a partial skull with lower jaws and some neck vertebrae; and HGM 41HIII-0111: a left ilium. Additional finds have been mentioned in the describing paper. One exceptionally preserved embryo (within an egg) is HGM 41HIII-0301, which came from a nest of 26 eggs.[1] The first non-juvenile specimen of Y. mini was described by Wei et al. (2022) and consists of three dorsal and 29 caudal vertebrae, partial pectoral girdles, and forelimbs.[2]
Description
Size comparison
While oviraptorids were generally one to eight metres in body length, Yulong was described as "chicken-sized" by its describers. Most of the Yulong individuals had a total body length of a quarter to half a meter, making them some of the smallest known oviraptorids.[1]
The describing authors established some diagnostic traits. The front upper corner of the fenestra antorbitalis and the rear upper corner of the bony nostril are positioned at about the same height. The premaxilla shows a distinctive opening below and in front of the nostril. The rear upper process of the premaxilla touches the upper rim of the fenestra antorbitalis but not the front process of the lacrimal; the nasal bone separates both bones.The parietal approaches the frontal bone in length. At the fourth and fifth neck vertebrae, the rear edge of the vertebral centrum forms a straight line between the postzygapophyses. The thigh bone is longer than the ilium.[1]
According to the authors, the hindlimb proportions of oviraptorids do not essentially change during growth, indicating a more sedentary lifestyle and thus probably herbivory.[1]
Classification
Life restoration of Y. mini
A phylogenetic analysis performed by the describers found Yulong to be more derived than the gigantic oviraptorid Gigantoraptor erlianensis, and less derived than (as a sister taxon to) the clade formed by the Oviraptorinae and the "Ingeniinae". However, the describers cautioned that the phylogenetic position of Yulong is still uncertain, because younger specimens tend to display more basal traits than adult specimens that are unknown for Yulong.[1]
^ abcdefghLü, J.; Currie, P. J.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X.; Pu, H.; Jia, S. (2013). "Chicken-sized oviraptorid dinosaurs from central China and their ontogenetic implications". Naturwissenschaften. 100 (2): 165–175. Bibcode:2013NW....100..165L. doi:10.1007/s00114-012-1007-0. PMID 23314810.
^ abcWei, Xuefang; Kundrát, Martin; Xu, Li; Ma, Waisum; Wu, Yan; Chang, Huali; Zhang, Jiming; Zhou, Xuanyu (2022). "A new subadult specimen of oviraptorid Yulong mini (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan, central China". Cretaceous Research. 138: 105261. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105261. ISSN 0195-6671.
July 26, 2023
yulong, mini, yulong, extinct, genus, derived, oviraptorid, theropod, dinosaur, known, from, late, cretaceous, qiupa, formation, henan, province, central, china, contains, single, species, known, from, many, juvenile, specimens, that, represent, some, smallest. Yulong is an extinct genus of derived oviraptorid theropod dinosaur known from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Henan Province central China It contains a single species Yulong mini It is known from many juvenile specimens that represent some of the smallest known oviraptorids 1 and also a single subadult specimen 2 YulongTemporal range Late Cretaceous 72 66 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NReconstructed skullScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClade DinosauriaClade SaurischiaClade TheropodaFamily OviraptoridaeGenus YulongLu et al 2013Type species Yulong miniLu et al 2013 Contents 1 Discovery and naming 2 Description 3 Classification 4 See also 5 ReferencesDiscovery and naming Edit Lower jaw of specimen HGM 41HIII 0109Specimens of Yulong were collected near Qiupa Town in Luanchuan County Henan Province from the Qiupa Formation The exact geological age of the Qiupa Formation is unknown but it probably dates to the Late Cretaceous based on the presence of oviraptorids Yulong dromaeosaurids Luanchuanraptor ornithomimids Qiupalong alvarezsaurs Qiupanykus and other undescribed derived dinosaur specimens 1 Yulong was first described and named by Junchang Lu Philip J Currie Li Xu Xingliao Zhang Hanyong Pu and Songhai Jia in 2013 and the type species is Yulong mini The generic name is derived from Chinese 豫 Yu the one character abbreviation of Henan Province in reference to the occurrence of the genus and from 龙 龍 long meaning dragon a suffix commonly used to name Chinese dinosaurs like the Greek saurus is in the West The specific name mini refers to the small size of the specimens 1 Yulong is based on a syntype series of five specimens HGM 41HIII 0107 an exceptionally well preserved skeleton with a skull and lower jaws that is housed in the Henan Geological Museum only lacking the skull and the neck base HGM 41HIII 0108 a skull lacking the lower jaws HGM 41HIII 0109 a partial skeleton with skull and lower jaws HGM 41HIII 0110 a partial skull with lower jaws and some neck vertebrae and HGM 41HIII 0111 a left ilium Additional finds have been mentioned in the describing paper One exceptionally preserved embryo within an egg is HGM 41HIII 0301 which came from a nest of 26 eggs 1 The first non juvenile specimen of Y mini was described by Wei et al 2022 and consists of three dorsal and 29 caudal vertebrae partial pectoral girdles and forelimbs 2 Description Edit Size comparisonWhile oviraptorids were generally one to eight metres in body length Yulong was described as chicken sized by its describers Most of the Yulong individuals had a total body length of a quarter to half a meter making them some of the smallest known oviraptorids 1 The describing authors established some diagnostic traits The front upper corner of the fenestra antorbitalis and the rear upper corner of the bony nostril are positioned at about the same height The premaxilla shows a distinctive opening below and in front of the nostril The rear upper process of the premaxilla touches the upper rim of the fenestra antorbitalis but not the front process of the lacrimal the nasal bone separates both bones The parietal approaches the frontal bone in length At the fourth and fifth neck vertebrae the rear edge of the vertebral centrum forms a straight line between the postzygapophyses The thigh bone is longer than the ilium 1 According to the authors the hindlimb proportions of oviraptorids do not essentially change during growth indicating a more sedentary lifestyle and thus probably herbivory 1 Classification Edit Life restoration of Y miniA phylogenetic analysis performed by the describers found Yulong to be more derived than the gigantic oviraptorid Gigantoraptor erlianensis and less derived than as a sister taxon to the clade formed by the Oviraptorinae and the Ingeniinae However the describers cautioned that the phylogenetic position of Yulong is still uncertain because younger specimens tend to display more basal traits than adult specimens that are unknown for Yulong 1 Wei et al 2022 found Yulong to be a basal oviraptorid outside Citipatiinae and Heyuanninae 2 See also Edit Dinosaurs portalTimeline of oviraptorosaur researchReferences Edit a b c d e f g h Lu J Currie P J Xu L Zhang X Pu H Jia S 2013 Chicken sized oviraptorid dinosaurs from central China and their ontogenetic implications Naturwissenschaften 100 2 165 175 Bibcode 2013NW 100 165L doi 10 1007 s00114 012 1007 0 PMID 23314810 a b c Wei Xuefang Kundrat Martin Xu Li Ma Waisum Wu Yan Chang Huali Zhang Jiming Zhou Xuanyu 2022 A new subadult specimen of oviraptorid Yulong mini Theropoda Oviraptorosauria from the Upper Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan central China Cretaceous Research 138 105261 doi 10 1016 j cretres 2022 105261 ISSN 0195 6671 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yulong mini amp oldid 1162492499, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
