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Yefim Karsky

January 01, 1970

In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Fyodorovich and the family name is Karsky.

Yefim Fyodorovich Karsky (Belarusian: Яўхім Фёдаравіч Карскі, romanized: Jaŭchim Fiodaravič Karski, Russian: Ефим Фёдорович Карский; Russian: Евфимий Феодорович Карский, older name form) (1 January 1861 (20 December 1860) – 29 April 1931) was a Belarusian linguist-slavist, ethnographer and paleographer, founder of Belarusian linguistics, literary studies and paleography, a member of numerous scientific institutions, and author of more than 100 works on linguistics, ethnography, paleography and others.

Karsky, supposedly in c. 1890s–1900s.

Karsky was described by his contemporaries as extremely industrious, accurate, self-organized, and reserved in behavior. He was acclaimed as a scientist of the highest integrity.[1] Karsky's input into contemporary Slavistics, especially into the Belarusian branch, was immense. The first significant revisions of Karsky's views on the development of the Church Slavonic and Russian languages were proposed much later, by Viktor Vinogradov. One of the best known works of Karsky is Belarusians.

Biography edit

Early life and education edit

Yefim Karsky was born in Lasha (in Grodno Governorate, now Grodno Region), to the family of teacher F. Novitskiy and Orthodox deacon's daughter M. Novitskaya. Initially, he bore the family name of his mother, Novitskiy. With his family, he spent his childhood years in Navahrudak and Minsk regions of Belarus. He studied in Folk School (Russian: народное училище) at Yatra, (Navahrudak uyezd) during the 1870s, and in 1874 enrolled in the Minsk Ecclesiastical School, where he joined the Seminary. Around 1881 he became interested in ethnography, and left his ecclesiastical studies to join the Nezhin historical-philological institute. His first philological research paper was published in 1883 in the Russian Philological Courier.

Karsky graduated from the Nezhin historical-philological institute in 1885 in the field of Russian and Slavonic philology. Observing the absence of scientific analysis of the Belarusian language, he published his first major scientific work Review of Sounds and Forms of Belarusian Language in 1886. Upon his graduation he taught Russian and Church Slavonic languages and Russian literature at the 2nd Vilnius Gymnasium, where he also served as the secretary and as elected member of the Resources Committee. He passed his magisterial examination in 1891, and in 1893 left the Liceum and began teaching Russian language in Warsaw University. During his tenure there he also taught Slavonic paleography, Russian dialectology, and Church Slavonic grammar. He would defend his magisterial thesis To the history of sounds and forms of the Belarusian talk at Kiev University, which was the first published academic dissertation concerned with the Belarusian language. He would continue his studies of the Belarusian language, and in 1898 he began studying the local dialects of the Belarusian people, both by the literary artifacts and by ethnographic tours to the Grodno, Vil’na, Minsk regions, among others. In 1901 Karsky became an associated member of Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences, department of Russian language and literacy.

Later career edit

From 1905 to 1910 Karsky served two terms as the rector of Warsaw University. After the end of his second term in 1910, he refused to remain at the position in protest of the policies of Imperial Minister of Education Lev Kasso. He moved to Petrograd in 1916 and became a member of Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences, with specialization in ethnography and linguistics. He taught at Petrograd Imperial University, and was a founder member of the Commission for the Study of the Tribal Composition of the Population of the Borderlands of Russia. In 1918, forced by the economic ruin in Petrograd from World War I and the October Revolution, Karsky moved to Minsk. He was given tenure at Minsk Pedagogical Institute, but was dismissed from his position the following year, shortly before being arrested by the Extraordinary Commission.[2] He was not held for long, and that same year moved back to Petrograd. He resumed his teaching at Petrograd University, staying through its rechristening as Leningrad University in 1924. He also returned to the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences (at that point the Academy of Sciences of the USSR) where he became Head of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography. In 1922 he donated his personal library to the newly created Belarusian State University. Beginning in 1926 he made scientific visits to Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. His reports from these visits were highly appreciated by the USSR Academy of Sciences, but they began to have political repercussions for him. He began to butt heads with the leadership of the Academy, and in 1927 he became the target of a sharp political critique in the newspapers "Zvyazda" (Myensk) and "Pravda" (Moscow). His membership in the USSR Academy of Sciences was put under question, and despite enjoying a certain amount of political patronage he wasn't given the room in the press to defend himself. In 1929, he was elected for the member of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The following year, however, he was abruptly removed from the position of the Director of the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography in Leningrad.

For his teaching and research activities, Karsky was given the civil rank of "real state's counselor" (?). He was decorated with orders of St. Stanislaus III grade (1889) and II grade (1899), St. Anna III grade (1895) and II grade (1903), St. Vladimir IV grade (1911), various medals. In recognition of his research on the Belarusian ethnography, he was awarded the Great Golden Medal of the Russian Geographical Society (1894), the Golden Medals of Batyushkov of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1898, 1902), Minor Lomonosov Prize of Russian Academy of Sciences (1901), Batyushkov Academical Prize (1910), and Akhmatov Academical Prize (1913).

In 1964, a memorial for Karski was opened at the Lasha School.

Works edit

 
Belarusians, 1903

Karsky was the author of at least 100 significant scientific works. Some of the major ones are listed below. It is worth noting that in case of the older publications, the actual dates of the publications may be different than the dates on the front pages.

  • Обзор звуков и форм белорусской речи. – Москва, 1886. – Известия Историко-филологического Института в Нежине, том X.
  • Грамматика древнего церковнославянского языка сравнительно с русским (курс средних учебных заведений). – Вильна, 1888–1900, Варшава, 1901–1916, Сергиев Посад, 1917.
  • К истории звуков и форм белорусской речи. – Варшава, 1893. – Магистерская диссертация.
  • К вопросу о разработке старого западнорусского наречия. – Вильна, 1893.
  • Что такое древнее западнорусское наречие?. – Труды Девятого археологического съезда в Вильне, 1893.
  • О языке так называемых литовских летописей. – Варшава, 1894.
  • Особенности письма и языка Мстиславова Евангелия. – Русск. Филолог. Вестн., 1895.
  • Образцы славянского кирилловского письма с Х по XVIII век. – Варшава, 1901.
  • Очерк славянской кирилловской палеографии. – Варшава, 1901.
  • Славянская кирилловская палеография. [S.l.], 1928. Of note: Multiocular O
Work re-published in: Карский Е. Ф. Славянская кирилловская палеография. Moscow, 1979.

Belarusians edit

  • Белорусcы. Т. I. Введение в изучение языка и народной словесности. – Варшава, 1903.
Work re-published: Белорусcы. Т. I. Введение в изучение языка и народной словесности. – Вильна, 1904.
  • Белорусcы. Т. II. Язык белорусского племени. В. 1. – [S.l.], 1908.
  • Белорусcы. Т. II. Язык белорусского племени. 2. Исторический очерк словообразования и словоизменения в белорусском наречии. – [S.l.], 1911.
  • Белорусcы. Т. II. Язык белорусского племени. 3. Очерки синтаксиса белорусского наречия. Дополнения и поправки. – [S.l.], 1912.
  • Белорусы. Т. III. Очерки словесности белорусского племени. 1. Народная поэзия. – Москва, 1916.
  • Белорусы. Т. III. Очерки словесности белорусского племени. 2. Старая западнорусская литература. – Петроград, 1921.
  • Белорусы. Т. III. Очерки словесности белорусского племени. 3. Художественная литература на народном наречии. – [S.l.], 1922.
Complete work re-published: Белорусы: Т. 1 – 3. – Москва, 1955–1956.

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ [KUC 2006] pp. 15, 19–23. E.g., noted by A. Tsvikyevich.
  2. ^ Proceedings of General Meeting of Russian Academy of Sciences on May 5, 1919, §141

Sources edit

  • [Bulakh 1981] Булахов М. Г. Евфимий Федорович Карский: Жизнь, научн. и обществ. деятельность / Под ред. В. И. Борковского. – Мн. : Изд-во БГУ, 1981.
  • [YanuTsvir 2001] Янушкевіч Я., Цвірка К. Яўхім Карскі і яго "Беларусы" // Карскі Я. Беларусы / Я. Карскі; Уклад. і камент. С. Гараніна і Л. Ляўшун; Навук. рэд. А. Мальдзіс; Прадмо. Я. Янушкевіча і К. Цвіркі. – Мн. : Беларускі кнігазбор, 2001. – ( Беларускі кнігазбор; сер. II. Гісторыка-літаратурныя помнікі). ISBN 985-6638-26-7.
  • [KUC 2006] Курцова, Унучак, Чаквін. Прадмова да першага тома працы Я. Ф. Карскага "Беларусы" // Карский, Е. Ф. Белорусы: 3 т. Т. 1 / Уступны артыкул М. Г. Булахава, прадмова да першага тома і каментарыі В. М. Курцовай, А. У. Унучака, І. У. Чаквіна. – Мн. : БелЭн, 2006. ISBN 985-11-0360-8 (Т.1), ISBN 985-11-0359-4.
  • [RublSkal 2006] Рублевская Людмила, Скалабан Виталь. Околонаучный спор. Злополучная командировка профессора Карского // Беларусь сегодня, #12 (22422), 20.01.2006 – [1] 2010-09-11 at the Wayback Machine
  • [Rulex 2006] [Н. Т.?] Карский [1890s-1900s?] // Большой русский биографический словарь. – Электронная репринтная версия. – [2].
Preceded by Director of the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography
1921–1930 		Succeeded by

January 01, 1970
yefim, karsky, this, name, that, follows, eastern, slavic, naming, customs, patronymic, fyodorovich, family, name, karsky, yefim, fyodorovich, karsky, belarusian, Яўхім, Фёдаравіч, Карскі, romanized, jaŭchim, fiodaravič, karski, russian, Ефим, Фёдорович, Карск. In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs the patronymic is Fyodorovich and the family name is Karsky Yefim Fyodorovich Karsky Belarusian Yayhim Fyodaravich Karski romanized Jaŭchim Fiodaravic Karski Russian Efim Fyodorovich Karskij Russian Evfimij Feodorovich Karskij older name form 1 January 1861 20 December 1860 29 April 1931 was a Belarusian linguist slavist ethnographer and paleographer founder of Belarusian linguistics literary studies and paleography a member of numerous scientific institutions and author of more than 100 works on linguistics ethnography paleography and others Karsky supposedly in c 1890s 1900s Karsky was described by his contemporaries as extremely industrious accurate self organized and reserved in behavior He was acclaimed as a scientist of the highest integrity 1 Karsky s input into contemporary Slavistics especially into the Belarusian branch was immense The first significant revisions of Karsky s views on the development of the Church Slavonic and Russian languages were proposed much later by Viktor Vinogradov One of the best known works of Karsky is Belarusians Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Early life and education 1 2 Later career 2 Works 2 1 Belarusians 3 References 3 1 Citations 3 2 SourcesBiography editEarly life and education edit Yefim Karsky was born in Lasha in Grodno Governorate now Grodno Region to the family of teacher F Novitskiy and Orthodox deacon s daughter M Novitskaya Initially he bore the family name of his mother Novitskiy With his family he spent his childhood years in Navahrudak and Minsk regions of Belarus He studied in Folk School Russian narodnoe uchilishe at Yatra Navahrudak uyezd during the 1870s and in 1874 enrolled in the Minsk Ecclesiastical School where he joined the Seminary Around 1881 he became interested in ethnography and left his ecclesiastical studies to join the Nezhin historical philological institute His first philological research paper was published in 1883 in the Russian Philological Courier Karsky graduated from the Nezhin historical philological institute in 1885 in the field of Russian and Slavonic philology Observing the absence of scientific analysis of the Belarusian language he published his first major scientific work Review of Sounds and Forms of Belarusian Language in 1886 Upon his graduation he taught Russian and Church Slavonic languages and Russian literature at the 2nd Vilnius Gymnasium where he also served as the secretary and as elected member of the Resources Committee He passed his magisterial examination in 1891 and in 1893 left the Liceum and began teaching Russian language in Warsaw University During his tenure there he also taught Slavonic paleography Russian dialectology and Church Slavonic grammar He would defend his magisterial thesis To the history of sounds and forms of the Belarusian talk at Kiev University which was the first published academic dissertation concerned with the Belarusian language He would continue his studies of the Belarusian language and in 1898 he began studying the local dialects of the Belarusian people both by the literary artifacts and by ethnographic tours to the Grodno Vil na Minsk regions among others In 1901 Karsky became an associated member of Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences department of Russian language and literacy Later career edit From 1905 to 1910 Karsky served two terms as the rector of Warsaw University After the end of his second term in 1910 he refused to remain at the position in protest of the policies of Imperial Minister of Education Lev Kasso He moved to Petrograd in 1916 and became a member of Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences with specialization in ethnography and linguistics He taught at Petrograd Imperial University and was a founder member of the Commission for the Study of the Tribal Composition of the Population of the Borderlands of Russia In 1918 forced by the economic ruin in Petrograd from World War I and the October Revolution Karsky moved to Minsk He was given tenure at Minsk Pedagogical Institute but was dismissed from his position the following year shortly before being arrested by the Extraordinary Commission 2 He was not held for long and that same year moved back to Petrograd He resumed his teaching at Petrograd University staying through its rechristening as Leningrad University in 1924 He also returned to the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences at that point the Academy of Sciences of the USSR where he became Head of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography In 1922 he donated his personal library to the newly created Belarusian State University Beginning in 1926 he made scientific visits to Poland Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia His reports from these visits were highly appreciated by the USSR Academy of Sciences but they began to have political repercussions for him He began to butt heads with the leadership of the Academy and in 1927 he became the target of a sharp political critique in the newspapers Zvyazda Myensk and Pravda Moscow His membership in the USSR Academy of Sciences was put under question and despite enjoying a certain amount of political patronage he wasn t given the room in the press to defend himself In 1929 he was elected for the member of the Czech Academy of Sciences The following year however he was abruptly removed from the position of the Director of the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography in Leningrad For his teaching and research activities Karsky was given the civil rank of real state s counselor He was decorated with orders of St Stanislaus III grade 1889 and II grade 1899 St Anna III grade 1895 and II grade 1903 St Vladimir IV grade 1911 various medals In recognition of his research on the Belarusian ethnography he was awarded the Great Golden Medal of the Russian Geographical Society 1894 the Golden Medals of Batyushkov of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1898 1902 Minor Lomonosov Prize of Russian Academy of Sciences 1901 Batyushkov Academical Prize 1910 and Akhmatov Academical Prize 1913 In 1964 a memorial for Karski was opened at the Lasha School Works edit nbsp Belarusians 1903 Karsky was the author of at least 100 significant scientific works Some of the major ones are listed below It is worth noting that in case of the older publications the actual dates of the publications may be different than the dates on the front pages Obzor zvukov i form belorusskoj rechi Moskva 1886 Izvestiya Istoriko filologicheskogo Instituta v Nezhine tom X Grammatika drevnego cerkovnoslavyanskogo yazyka sravnitelno s russkim kurs srednih uchebnyh zavedenij Vilna 1888 1900 Varshava 1901 1916 Sergiev Posad 1917 K istorii zvukov i form belorusskoj rechi Varshava 1893 Magisterskaya dissertaciya K voprosu o razrabotke starogo zapadnorusskogo narechiya Vilna 1893 Chto takoe drevnee zapadnorusskoe narechie Trudy Devyatogo arheologicheskogo sezda v Vilne 1893 O yazyke tak nazyvaemyh litovskih letopisej Varshava 1894 Osobennosti pisma i yazyka Mstislavova Evangeliya Russk Filolog Vestn 1895 Obrazcy slavyanskogo kirillovskogo pisma s H po XVIII vek Varshava 1901 Ocherk slavyanskoj kirillovskoj paleografii Varshava 1901 Slavyanskaya kirillovskaya paleografiya S l 1928 Of note Multiocular O Work re published in Karskij E F Slavyanskaya kirillovskaya paleografiya Moscow 1979 dd Belarusians edit Beloruscy T I Vvedenie v izuchenie yazyka i narodnoj slovesnosti Varshava 1903 Work re published Beloruscy T I Vvedenie v izuchenie yazyka i narodnoj slovesnosti Vilna 1904 dd Beloruscy T II Yazyk belorusskogo plemeni V 1 S l 1908 Beloruscy T II Yazyk belorusskogo plemeni 2 Istoricheskij ocherk slovoobrazovaniya i slovoizmeneniya v belorusskom narechii S l 1911 Beloruscy T II Yazyk belorusskogo plemeni 3 Ocherki sintaksisa belorusskogo narechiya Dopolneniya i popravki S l 1912 Belorusy T III Ocherki slovesnosti belorusskogo plemeni 1 Narodnaya poeziya Moskva 1916 Belorusy T III Ocherki slovesnosti belorusskogo plemeni 2 Staraya zapadnorusskaya literatura Petrograd 1921 Belorusy T III Ocherki slovesnosti belorusskogo plemeni 3 Hudozhestvennaya literatura na narodnom narechii S l 1922 Complete work re published Belorusy T 1 3 Moskva 1955 1956 dd References editCitations edit KUC 2006 pp 15 19 23 E g noted by A Tsvikyevich Proceedings of General Meeting of Russian Academy of Sciences on May 5 1919 141 Sources edit Bulakh 1981 Bulahov M G Evfimij Fedorovich Karskij Zhizn nauchn i obshestv deyatelnost Pod red V I Borkovskogo Mn Izd vo BGU 1981 YanuTsvir 2001 Yanushkevich Ya Cvirka K Yayhim Karski i yago Belarusy Karski Ya Belarusy Ya Karski Uklad i kament S Garanina i L Lyayshun Navuk red A Maldzis Pradmo Ya Yanushkevicha i K Cvirki Mn Belaruski knigazbor 2001 Belaruski knigazbor ser II Gistoryka litaraturnyya pomniki ISBN 985 6638 26 7 KUC 2006 Kurcova Unuchak Chakvin Pradmova da pershaga toma pracy Ya F Karskaga Belarusy Karskij E F Belorusy 3 t T 1 Ustupny artykul M G Bulahava pradmova da pershaga toma i kamentaryi V M Kurcovaj A U Unuchaka I U Chakvina Mn BelEn 2006 ISBN 985 11 0360 8 T 1 ISBN 985 11 0359 4 RublSkal 2006 Rublevskaya Lyudmila Skalaban Vital Okolonauchnyj spor Zlopoluchnaya komandirovka professora Karskogo Belarus segodnya 12 22422 20 01 2006 1 Archived 2010 09 11 at the Wayback Machine Rulex 2006 N T Karskij 1890s 1900s Bolshoj russkij biograficheskij slovar Elektronnaya reprintnaya versiya 2 Preceded byVasily Bartold Director of the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography1921 1930 Succeeded byNikolay Matorin Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yefim Karsky amp oldid 1211908809, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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