The Tuqi King (Chinese: 屠耆王; pinyin: Túqí wáng; Wade–Giles: T'u-ch'i wang) was a high office of the Xiongnu, a title also known to the Chinese as "worthy/wise prince/king".[1][2] In the 6th to 8th centuries, Chinese annalists used the expression 贤王 Xian wang only in reference to the Eastern Turkic Khaganate.[3]
Basic forms of nomadic state from Xiongnu to Mongol
The Tuqi King of the Left was generally designated as the successor of the chanyu. Two titles were awarded with each of them a commander-in-chief who derived his power from the eastern and western territories respectively. These served as two wings alongside the chanyu's main domain. The Chinese annalistic explanation was a "Worthy Prince of the Left (East)" and "Worthy Prince of the Right (West)".[1][2] This organization of the state was traditional for the Eurasian nomadic states from the Huns to the Turkic Khanates.
Scholars, using the pronunciation of the Qing dynasty, phoneticized 屠耆 as chjuki (Russian: Чжуки), which is a direct rendering of the Turkic (j)ükü "wise", making it a literal translation of the Chinese annalistic expression "wise prince".[4] However, Anna Dybo restored the Western Han period's Old Chinese pronunciation of 屠耆 as dā-grjəj, which traditional philologists interpret with some reservations as transcribing Turkic tegin "prince". Philologists also noted a close phonetical resemblance with another ancient Turkic title, togrul, which is homophonic with the Turkic word togrul "falcon".[5] Other philologists interpret the dā-grjəj as representing Old Turkictoğ(u)ru, toğrï (< toğur-), Turkish, Azeri, Turkmen, Gagauzdoğru, Tuviniandoora, etc., all meaning "overt, honest, just". This interpretation had initially been suggested by Friedrich von Schlegel (1772–1829) as direct semantical and phonetical correspondence.[6][7]
Social function
The Left Wise Prince belonged to the Chanyu clan, and in accordance with the lateral succession order, was an heir apparent to the reigning Chanyu; on the death of the reigning Chanyu, he was raised to the throne, and every member in the hierarchy of the Left Wing advanced one step up. Unlike the Left Wing, the members of the Right Wing belonged to the Khatun clan Huyan or later Xubu, were traditionally not eligible for the throne, and could be raised to the throne only as a result of a court coup. Accordingly, the Left Wise Prince commanded a larger contingent of the army, and during military actions in the absence of the Chanyu held a post of a Supreme Commander. Unlike the Right Wing Wise Prince, who held a position akin to a Supreme Judge and Prime Minister, and was involved in the daily rule of the country, the Left Wise Prince was detached from the daily operations, and his prime function during war and peace was a control of the army. Being a Luanti by birth, with a Suibi Khatun mother, the Left Wise Prince was always a prime target for his younger siblings with the same pedigree. Both Left and Right Wise Princes were fairly autonomous in their actions, had a right to appoint their subordinates at their will, were free to conduct their own local wars and retaliatory raids, and were in charge of the various tribes assigned to their respective Wings. The two dynastic clans formed a permanent dynastic union of the state, ensuring its stability, and being an object of political games by their southern neighbour. Suggestion for the establishment of the Tuqi King from the ruler of the Xiongnu is currently unknown. Speculation stated, it might be kept an watchful eye on the Donghu tribe for trying to reclaimed back their land or rebellion after submitting to Chanyu and becoming a vassal for over eight decade after losing the battle during the chaos of China. Until Huo Qubing defeated the Nomadic Worthy Prince of the east, Xianbei, the successor of the Donghu people was able to reclaimed back their own land and break apart from Xiongnu to establish their own confederacy to declared independent.
^Shiratori K., "Sinologische Beiträge zur Geschichte der Türk-Völker. II. Über die Sprache der Hiungnu und der Tunghu-Stämme"//Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1902, September, Vol. XVII, No 2, Note 04
Chen, Liankai (1999). Outlines on China's Ethnicities. Beijing: China Financial and Economic Publishing House. ISBN7-5005-4301-8.
Ma, Liqing (2005). Original Xiongnu, An Archaeological Explore on the Xiongnu's History and Culture. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University Press. ISBN7-81074-796-7.
August 22, 2023
tuqi, king, chinese, 屠耆王, pinyin, túqí, wáng, wade, giles, wang, high, office, xiongnu, title, also, known, chinese, worthy, wise, prince, king, centuries, chinese, annalists, used, expression, 贤王, xian, wang, only, reference, eastern, turkic, khaganate, basic. The Tuqi King Chinese 屠耆王 pinyin Tuqi wang Wade Giles T u ch i wang was a high office of the Xiongnu a title also known to the Chinese as worthy wise prince king 1 2 In the 6th to 8th centuries Chinese annalists used the expression 贤王 Xian wang only in reference to the Eastern Turkic Khaganate 3 Basic forms of nomadic state from Xiongnu to MongolThe Tuqi King of the Left was generally designated as the successor of the chanyu Two titles were awarded with each of them a commander in chief who derived his power from the eastern and western territories respectively These served as two wings alongside the chanyu s main domain The Chinese annalistic explanation was a Worthy Prince of the Left East and Worthy Prince of the Right West 1 2 This organization of the state was traditional for the Eurasian nomadic states from the Huns to the Turkic Khanates Contents 1 Etymology 2 Social function 3 Notes 4 ReferencesEtymology EditScholars using the pronunciation of the Qing dynasty phoneticized 屠耆 as chjuki Russian Chzhuki which is a direct rendering of the Turkic j uku wise making it a literal translation of the Chinese annalistic expression wise prince 4 However Anna Dybo restored the Western Han period s Old Chinese pronunciation of 屠耆 as da grjej which traditional philologists interpret with some reservations as transcribing Turkic tegin prince Philologists also noted a close phonetical resemblance with another ancient Turkic title togrul which is homophonic with the Turkic word togrul falcon 5 Other philologists interpret the da grjej as representing Old Turkic tog u ru togri lt togur Turkish Azeri Turkmen Gagauz dogru Tuvinian doora etc all meaning overt honest just This interpretation had initially been suggested by Friedrich von Schlegel 1772 1829 as direct semantical and phonetical correspondence 6 7 Social function EditThe Left Wise Prince belonged to the Chanyu clan and in accordance with the lateral succession order was an heir apparent to the reigning Chanyu on the death of the reigning Chanyu he was raised to the throne and every member in the hierarchy of the Left Wing advanced one step up Unlike the Left Wing the members of the Right Wing belonged to the Khatun clan Huyan or later Xubu were traditionally not eligible for the throne and could be raised to the throne only as a result of a court coup Accordingly the Left Wise Prince commanded a larger contingent of the army and during military actions in the absence of the Chanyu held a post of a Supreme Commander Unlike the Right Wing Wise Prince who held a position akin to a Supreme Judge and Prime Minister and was involved in the daily rule of the country the Left Wise Prince was detached from the daily operations and his prime function during war and peace was a control of the army Being a Luanti by birth with a Suibi Khatun mother the Left Wise Prince was always a prime target for his younger siblings with the same pedigree Both Left and Right Wise Princes were fairly autonomous in their actions had a right to appoint their subordinates at their will were free to conduct their own local wars and retaliatory raids and were in charge of the various tribes assigned to their respective Wings The two dynastic clans formed a permanent dynastic union of the state ensuring its stability and being an object of political games by their southern neighbour Suggestion for the establishment of the Tuqi King from the ruler of the Xiongnu is currently unknown Speculation stated it might be kept an watchful eye on the Donghu tribe for trying to reclaimed back their land or rebellion after submitting to Chanyu and becoming a vassal for over eight decade after losing the battle during the chaos of China Until Huo Qubing defeated the Nomadic Worthy Prince of the east Xianbei the successor of the Donghu people was able to reclaimed back their own land and break apart from Xiongnu to establish their own confederacy to declared independent Notes Edit a b Chen 1999 p 237 277 a b Ma 2005 p 397 411 Zuev Yu A Early Turks Essays on history and ideology Almaty Daik Press 2002 p 239 ISBN 9985 4 4152 9 In Russian Bichurin N Ya Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times vol 1 p 14 Dybo A V Linguistic contacts of early Turks Lexical fund Pre Turkic period Moscow 2007 p 103 ISBN 978 5 02 036320 5 Shiratori K Sinologische Beitrage zur Geschichte der Turk Volker II Uber die Sprache der Hiungnu und der Tunghu Stamme Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Sciences 1902 September Vol XVII No 2 Note 04 Dybo A V Ibid p 103References EditChen Liankai 1999 Outlines on China s Ethnicities Beijing China Financial and Economic Publishing House ISBN 7 5005 4301 8 Ma Liqing 2005 Original Xiongnu An Archaeological Explore on the Xiongnu s History and Culture Hohhot Inner Mongolia University Press ISBN 7 81074 796 7 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tuqi King amp oldid 1169159248, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
