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Women in warfare (1500–1699)

January 01, 1970

Women have played a leading role in active warfare. The following is a list of prominent women in war and their exploits from about 1500 up to about 1699.

Only women active in direct warfare, such as warriors, spies, and women who actively led armies are included in this list.

For women in warfare in what is now the United States during this time period, see Timeline of women in war in the United States, Pre-1945.

Timeline of women in warfare from 1500 to 1699 edit

 
Abbakka Chowta
 
Maeda Matsu
 
Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba
 
Idia
 
Christina Gyllenstierna
 
Women of Patna, c. 1540
 
Suriyothai
 
Siti Wan Kembang
 
Kenau Simonsdochter Hasselaer
 
Maria Pita
 
Katō Tsune
 
Rani Durgavati
 
Marguerite Delaye
 
Chand Bibi
 
Numata Jakō
 
Tachibana Ginchiyo
 
Yuki no Kata
 
Qin Liangyu
 
Françoise-Marie Jacquelin
 
Ilona Zrínyi
 
Kit Cavanagh
 
Queen Anu

1500–1550 edit

1550–1599 edit

1600–1650 edit

1650–1699 edit

  • Roughly mid to late 1600s: Pashtun poet Nazo Tokhi defends a fortress.[123]
  • 1652: Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier, fires the cannons against the army of Turenne during the Fronde.[124]
  • 1652–1653: Anna Jans serves in the Dutch Navy as a man during the war against England.[125]
  • 1652–1653: Johanna/Jannetje Pieters serves in the Dutch Navy as a man, Jan Pietersse, during the war against England.[126]
  • 1652–1653: Adriana La Noy serves as sailor dressed as a man in the Dutch Navy.[127]
  • 1653: Aagt de Tamboer serves in the Dutch navy dressed as a man.[62]
  • 1653: Anna Alders serves in the Dutch navy dressed as a man.[62]
  • 1653: The Princess of Moldavia, Doamna Ecaterina Cercheza, defends the city of Suceava toward the Ottoman siege.[128]
  • 1659: Anne Holck leads the defense of the Danish island of Langeland after the death of her spouse against the Swedes during the Dano-Swedish War (1658–1660).[129]
  • 1659–1665: Willemtge Gerrits serves in the Dutch Marine as a man.[130]
  • 1663: Annetje Barents serves in the Dutch navy dressed as a man under the name Klaas Barents.[62]
  • 1665: Jacoba Jacobs serves in the Dutch Marine as Jacob Jacobs.[131]
  • 1666: Hendrick Albertsz in the Dutch navy is discovered to have been a female dressed as a male.[62]
  • 1667: Engeltje Dirx serves in the Dutch army dressed as a man.[62]
  • 1667: Jacoba Jacobs serves in the Dutch navy dressed as a man.[62]
  • 1670: Alena Arzamasskaia, a Russian female ataman rebel, commanded a detachment of about 600 men and participated in the capture of Temnikov while disguised as a man.[132][133]
  • 1672: Annetje Pieters serves in the Dutch navy dressed as a man; the same year, another unnamed female is discovered to have done the same.[62]
  • 1672: Margaretha Sandra, as well as several other women, participate in the defence of the Dutch city of Aardenburg against the French.[65]
  • 1673: Elisabeth Someruell is reputed to have served as Tobias Morello in the Spanish army.[62]
  • 1673: Isabella Clara Gelvinck serves in the Dutch army dressed as a male.[62]
  • 1673: An unnamed female serves in the Dutch army dressed as a male.[62]
  • 1674: An unnamed female serves in the Dutch army dressed as a male.[62]
  • 1674: Francijntje van Lint serves in the Dutch army dressed as a male.[62]
  • 1675: An unnamed female serves in the Dutch army dressed as a male.[62]
  • 1675: An unnamed female serves in the Dutch navy dressed as a male.[62]
  • 1676: Kong Sizhen succeeds her spouse as Chinese Imperial military commander of Guanxi during the rebellion of Wu Sangui.[134]
  • 1676–1691: Geneviève Prémoy serves in the French army dressed as a male.[135]
  • 1677–1689: Reign of Keladi Chennamma. During her reign of 12 years, she repelled the advances of the Mughal Army led by Aurangzeb from her military base in the kingdom of Keladi located in Sagara, Karnataka India.[136][137]
  • 1677: An unnamed female serves in the Dutch navy dressed as a male.[62]
  • 1679: Lisbetha Olsdotter is put on trial for having served in the Swedish army under the name Mats Ersson.[107]
  • 1684: Catharina Rosenbrock serves in the Dutch army as well as the navy dressed as a male.[62]
  • 1685–1688: Ilona Zrínyi defends the Palanok Castle in Munkács against the Habsburg forces.[138]
  • 1688: Maria Jacoba de Turenne serves in the Dutch army dressed as a man[139]
  • 1690s: Kit Cavanagh disguises herself as a man in order to fight as a dragoon.[140]
  • 1690: Anne Chamberlyne, a female tar who disguised herself as a man, fights the French at Beachy Head.[141]
  • 1691: Anna Isabella Gonzaga, Duchess of Mantua, defends Mantua against the Spanish as regent during the absence of her spouse.[142]
  • 1691–1696: Marie Magdelaine Mouron serves in the French army dressed as a male.[114]
  • 1692: Philis de La Charce, led a peasant army to help vanquish invading forces in the Dauphiné region.[143]
  • 1694: An unnamed female serves in the Dutch navy dressed as a male.[62]
  • 1696: Joonas Dirckse in the Dutch navy is discovered to be a female dressed as a male.[62]
  • 1696: Mongolian Queen Anu dies saving her husband at the Battle of Zuunmod.[144]
  • Late 17th century: A Finnish female serves in the French, English and Danish armies dressed as a male.[62]
     
    Philis de La Charce

See also edit

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  144. ^ Powers, John; Templeman, David (2012). Historical Dictionary of Tibet. Scarecrow Press. p. 245. ISBN 978-0810879843.

Further reading edit

  • De Pauw, Linda Grant. Battle Cries and Lullabies: Women in War from Prehistory to the Present (University of Oklahoma Press, 1998), popular history by a leading scholar
  • Dugaw, Dianne. Warrior Women and Popular Balladry: 1650–1850 (Cambridge University Press, 1989)
  • Fraser, Antonia. The Warrior Queens (Vintage Books, 1990)
  • Hacker, Barton C. "Women and Military Institutions in Early Modern Europe: A Reconnaissance," Signs (1981), v. 6 pp. 643–671.
  • Illston, James Michael. 'An Entirely Masculine Activity'? Women and War in the High and Late Middle Ages Reconsidered (MA thesis, University of Canterbury, 2009) full text online, with detailed review of the literature
  • Little, Ann. Abraham in Arms: War and Gender in Colonial New England (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007)
  • Lynn, John. "Women, Armies, and Warfare in Early Modern Europe" (Cambridge University Press, 2008)
  • McLaughlin, Megan. "The Woman Warrior: Gender, Warfare and Society in Medieval Europe." Women's Studies (1990) 17: 193–209.
  • Martino, Gina M. Women at War in the Borderlands of the Early American Northeast. (University of North Carolina Press, 2018).
  • Rediker, Marcus. "Liberty Beneath the Jolly Roger: The Lives of Anne Bonny and Mary Read, Pirates" in In Iron Men, Wooden Women: Gender and Seafaring in the Atlantic World, 1700–1920 ed by Margaret Creighton and Lisa Norling, pp 1–33 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996)
  • Stolterer, Helen. "Figures of Female Militancy in Medieval France," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 16 (1991): 522–549
  • Taufer, Alison. "The Only Good Amazon is a Converted Amazon: The Woman Warrior and Christianity in the Amadís Cycle" in Playing With Gender: A Renaissance Pursuit ed. by Jean R. Brink et al. pp. 35–51. (University of Illinois Press, 1991)

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Women in the military.

January 01, 1970
women, warfare, 1500, 1699, women, have, played, leading, role, active, warfare, following, list, prominent, women, their, exploits, from, about, 1500, about, 1699, only, women, active, direct, warfare, such, warriors, spies, women, actively, armies, included,. Women have played a leading role in active warfare The following is a list of prominent women in war and their exploits from about 1500 up to about 1699 Only women active in direct warfare such as warriors spies and women who actively led armies are included in this list For women in warfare in what is now the United States during this time period see Timeline of women in war in the United States Pre 1945 Contents 1 Timeline of women in warfare from 1500 to 1699 1 1 1500 1550 1 2 1550 1599 1 3 1600 1650 1 4 1650 1699 2 See also 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksTimeline of women in warfare from 1500 to 1699 edit nbsp Abbakka Chowta nbsp Maeda Matsu nbsp Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba nbsp Idia nbsp Christina Gyllenstierna nbsp Women of Patna c 1540 nbsp Suriyothai nbsp Siti Wan Kembang nbsp Kenau Simonsdochter Hasselaer nbsp Maria Pita nbsp Katō Tsune nbsp Rani Durgavati nbsp Marguerite Delaye nbsp Chand Bibi nbsp Numata Jakō nbsp Tachibana Ginchiyo nbsp Yuki no Kata nbsp Qin Liangyu nbsp Francoise Marie Jacquelin nbsp Ilona Zrinyi nbsp Kit Cavanagh nbsp Queen Anu 1500 1550 edit Early 16th century Christopher Columbus reports being fired upon by female archers Militarists accompanying Francisco de Orellana Francisco Pizarro and Rodrigo de Bastidas report women fighting alongside men in South America Various Spanish women fight as conquistadors along the men under Cortes s expedition among them are Maria Estrada and Beatriz Bermudez de Velasco Maria de la Candelaria leads a revolt against the European invaders 1 Early 16th century Reign of Amina ruler of the Hausa empire in Nigeria She personally led armies on successful campaigns 2 16th century Abbakka a ruler of Tulu Nadu in India fights the Portuguese army 3 16th century Maeda Matsu saves the Maeda clan from Tokugawa Ieyasu in Battle of Sekigahara and Siege of Osaka 4 16th century 5 Mah Chuchak Begum leads her army in person and defeats Munim Khan at Jalalabad 6 16th century Portuguese explorers report that a group of female warriors existed in the Congo and that their king assigned regions where only female children were raised Angola resists the Portuguese under Queen Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba 1 16th century Jeanne d Albret is involved in the French Wars of Religion She often accompanied Admiral de Coligny to the battlefield where the fighting was at its most intense together they inspected the defences and rallied the Huguenot forces 7 16th century Sikhism founded 8 One of its tenets is equality for women 9 which extends to allowing them into participate in combat and warfare 10 See Category Female Sikh warriors for more information 16th century Fujishiro Gozen dies fighting in battle 11 16th century Louise Labe dressed in male clothing and fought as a knight on horseback in the ranks of the Dauphin afterwards Henry II at the siege of Perpignan 12 16th century 13 14 Orompoto of the Oyo Empire fights at the Battle of Illayi 15 Early 1500s Idia mother of Esigie the Oba of Benin is described as a great warrior and receives much credit for her son s conquest of the Igala 16 1501 Christina of Saxony holds the city of Stockholm for the Danish during a Swedish rebellion against the Danish 17 1502 Anne Rud defends the Bohus Fortress in the absence of her spouse commander Henrich Krummedige during his war with Alv Knutsson 17 1503 Costanza d Avalos Duchess of Francavilla leads the defence of the island fortress of Ischia against the French 18 1505 Ingeborg Tott defends her fief Hame Castle in Finland against the attack from another noble fiefholder 19 1511 According to popular legend Gertruid Bolwater defends Venlo 20 1511 1513 Gunilla Bese widow of the governor of Vyborg Castle defends it against the Russians 21 1513 Catherine of Aragon acts as Regent for Henry VIII and attends the field at the Battle of Flodden Field dressed in armor 22 1513 1515 Quilago queen of the Cochasqui in Ecuador defense her area against the expansion of the Inca Empire 23 1520 Christina Gyllenstierna becomes the leader and commander of the defence of Sweden and Stockholm during the war between Denmark and Sweden 24 1520 Swedish noble Anna Eriksdotter Bielke commands the city of Kalmar in place of her dead spouse during the war between Denmark and Sweden 25 1520 Women participate actively in the defense of the Swedish city of Kalmar against the Danes In his famous chronicle from 1555 Olaus Magnus briefly note that during the defense of Kalmar the female inhabitants of the city participated in the defense as bravely as did the men 26 Anna Bielke also defends Kalmar 25 1520 Barbro Stigsdotter helps the Swedish rebel and future King Gustav Vasa to escape capture by the Danes and are therefore hailed as a war heroine in Sweden 27 1521 Maria Pacheco Padilla defends the city of Toledo Spain for six months after her husband falls in battle 28 1521 1523 Abbess Anna Leuhusen participates in the secret traffic in and out of the city of Stockholm during the Swedish War of Liberation 29 1522 1524 Sati Sadhani was the daughter of the Chutia King Dharmadhwajpal also known as Dhirnarayan Born in Sadiya she was married to Nityapal or Nitai Sadhani who played a prominent role in the fight against the Ahoms during Chutia Ahom conflicts 1512 1522 in Ancient Assam of North East India 1527 Euphemia Leslie conquers Elcho Castle 30 1534 Hille Feicken and the women of the Anabaptist regime of Munster participate in the defense of the city 31 1538 Veronica Gambara organizes a successful defense of Correggio against a siege 32 1539 1540 Gaitana of the Paez leads the indigenous people of Colombia in armed resistance against the Spanish 33 1540 The Codice Casanatense describes the residents of Patna as very warlike with the women of the city accompanying the men to fight followed by an illustration of 2 Patnan women shooting arrows from horseback 34 1540 Gaspar de Carvajal a Dominican friar reports being attacked by a band of armed women while travelling in Brazil 35 1541 Ōhōri Tsuruhime leads an army into battle 36 1543 According to legend Catherine Segurane defends the city of Nice France 37 1545 February 12 Scottish women fight in the Battle of Ancrum Moor Among them is Lilliard after whom Lilliard Edge is named 38 1546 Isabel Madeira Isabel Fernandes Catarina Lopes Isabel Dias and others women serve in the defense of the city walls during the siege of Diu in Portuguese India 39 1547 Scotland Mariotta Haliburton defends and negotiates the surrender of Hume Castle 40 1548 Thai queen Suriyothai along with princess Tepastri went into battle on war elephants with King Maha Chakkraphat against Burmese invaders 41 Mid 1500s Ines de Suarez fought alongside Pedro de Valdivia during the conquest of Chile 42 She led the Spanish forces that repulsed the attack of Michimalonco on the newly founded Santiago in 1541 1548 1580 Likely time period for the reign of legendary Malaysian queen Siti Wan Kembang 43 According to legend she rode into battle with a sword leading women horse riders 44 1550 1599 edit 1546 Second Siege of Diu Isabel Madeira captain Catarina Lopes Garcia Rodrigues Isabel Fernandes and Isabel Dias formed a group of female combatants who fought in front of the battle against the Turks 45 1550s Siena Italy falls under siege Every able citizen was mobilized in the effort to build fortifications and Laudomia Forteguerri leads a group of 1 000 noble and artisan women to aid in the construction 46 47 48 1555 Zhuang Chinese woman Wa Shi leads troops into battle on behalf of the Ming Dynasty 49 1557 Wa Shi leads over 6000 Zhuang infantry against pirates and successfully defeated them at Wangjiangjing north of modern Jiaxing She personally fought in combat using a dao sword 50 1558 Scotland Janet Beaton marches at the head of an armed party consisting of two hundred members of her clan to the Kirk of St Mary of the Lowes in Yarrow where she knocked down the doors in an attempt to apprehend Sir Peter Cranstoun 51 1564 52 Indian queen Rani Durgavati leads her forces against the Mughal army but is defeated 53 1565 Lady Shirai dies fighting in battle 54 December 1568 Otazu no kata dies in battle while accompanied by 18 armed women 55 1569 Marguerite Delaye loses an arm in while fighting Admiral Coligny during his siege of Montelimar A one armed statue is erected in her honor 56 1569 Brita Olofsdotter widow after soldier Nils Simonsson serves in the Finnish troop in the Swedish cavalry in Livonia she is killed in battle and king John III of Sweden orders for her salary to be paid to her family 57 1569 Lady Agnes Campbell married to Turlough Luineach O Neill Chieftain of the O Neill s in Ulster leads her Scottish dowry troops into battle 58 1569 Lady Ichikawa defends Konomine castle 59 December 1569 Myōki defends Hio castle in Musashi Province against the Takeda clan attack 60 1571 Maria la Bailadora 61 participates as a member of the Marines at the Battle of Lepanto dressed as a male 62 1572 In defense of the city during a siege of Haarlem by Spanish troops which lasted from December 1572 to 1573 Kenau Simonsdochter Hasselaer 1526 1588 was described by a source as an unusually fearless woman who worked night and day carrying earth to the city walls to rebuild the defense line 63 1572 Maria van Schooten participates in the defense during the siege of Haarlem by Spanish troops dies and are granted a military funeral 64 1573 Trijn Rembrands allegedly participates in the defence of Alkmaar 65 1575 Kamehime takes an active part in the Battle of Nagashino 66 1576 Portuguese explorer Pedro de Magalhaes de Gandavo reports that some Tupinamba Indian women of northeastern Brazil give up all the duties of women and imitate men and follow men s pursuits as if they were not women They wear the hair cut in the same way as the men and go to war with bows and arrows and pursue game always in company with men each has a woman to serve her to whom she says she is married and they treat each other and speak with each other as man and wife 67 1576 1578 68 69 Civil war in Georgia Dedisimedi was personally involved in fighting directing operations at Queli and Tmogvi 70 1577 Ueno Tsuruhime led thirty three women in a suicidal charge against the Mōri army in the Tsuneyama castle 71 1577 Dutch woman Trijn van de Leemput allegedly rallies women in Utrecht against the Spanish 72 1580 At the Battle of Senbon Matsubaru between Takeda Katsuyori and Hojo Ujinao approximately 30 of the army in battle consisted of samurai women Onna bugeisha 4 1581 Marie Christine de Lalaing defended the city of Tournai against Alexander Farnese Duke of Parma in 1581 73 1584 Mary Ambree participates in the fighting against the Spanish for the city of Ghent A ballad is eventually written about her 74 1584 1590 Akai Teruko was the commander of Battle of Kanayama Castle at 70 years old 75 She fought in the Siege of Matsuida Castle alongside Toshiie and Hideyoshi at the Siege of Odawara 76 4 1584 Katō Tsune helped her family and the Maeda troops resist Sassa Narimasa at the Siege of Suemori Castle by providing food and medical aid to injured warriors and arming herself with a naginata to fight beside them during the conflict 4 77 1585 1586 Myorin led the defense of Tsurusaki Castle in Kyushu Campaign When Shimazu army retreated from Tsurusaki she advanced against 3 000 men and beheaded 2 enemy commanders in Terajihama 78 1585 to 1589 Onamihime fought against her nephew Date Masamune in the Battle of Hitotoribashi Battle of Suriagehara and Battle of Koriyama 79 1587 Catharina Rose commands a women s battalion at the Spanish siege of Sluis in Flanders 80 1587 An unnamed woman served in the guise of a man in the Dutch army 62 1589 Maria Pita aids in the defence of Corunna against the English armada 81 1589 An unnamed woman served in the guise of a man in the Dutch army 62 1590 Kaihime led 200 cavalry men in the Siege of Oshi against the Toyotomi clan in the Odawara campaign 82 83 1590 Francoise de Cezelli defeats the Spanish army during the battle of Leucate 84 1595 Indian Queen Chand Bibi fights the Mughals 85 1597 Ebba Stenbock leads the defense of the Turku Castle in Finland after the death of its governor her spouse 86 1600 1650 edit 17th century Belawadi Mallamma is the first woman to form a women s army in Indian history which she uses to fight against the Maratha Confederacy 87 in the 17th century 88 17th century to 1894 Dahomey Amazons act as an all female regiment under female command of the west African Kingdom of Dahomey 89 17th century Antonia Rodrigues serves as man in the Portuguese army and is decorated for bravery in the war against the Moors 90 17th century A woman serves in the Dutch dragoons sometime between 1642 and 1710 she is found dead after a private duel and her unnamed skeleton is donated to the University of Rotterdam founded in 1642 where it is first documented in 1710 as Aal de Dragonder 91 17th century Keumalahayati was killed in combat while attacking the Portuguese fleet at Teuluk Krueng Raya 92 1600 Ikeda Sen fought alongside her brother Terumasa against the Western army led by Ishida Mitsunari in the Siege of Gifu castle 93 1600 Numata Jakō also known as Hosokawa Maria participates in the defense during the Siege of Tanabe 94 1600 Tachibana Ginchiyo the former leader of Tachibana clan fight in Siege of Yanagawa 83 1600 Yuki no Kata defended the Anōtsu castle in the Battle of Sekigahara 95 1600 1615 Okaji no Kata dressed as a man she fought at the Battle of Sekigahara and the Siege of Osaka 1604 1611 Margaretha a woman from Frisia serves in the Dutch army dressed as a man for seven years before discovery in 1611 96 1607 1620 Catalina de Erauso fights as a soldier in Mexico Peru and Chile 97 1611 Mayken Blomme serves in the Dutch navy dressed as a man 62 1612 Swedish Emerentia Krakow defends the Fortress of Gullberg against the Danes in the place of her wounded spouse the commendant of the fortress 98 1612 According to legend Prillar Guri participates in the Battle of Kringen 99 100 1613 1648 Qin Liangyu commands armies in China 101 102 1614 1615 Kōzōsu helped defend the Toyotomi clan at the Siege of Osaka 103 1624 The settler Maria Ortiz 1603 1646 famously participate in the defense of the Portuguese colony of Espirito Santo against the attempted Dutch invasion 104 1625 Trintje Symons or Trijntje Sijmons serves in the Dutch army dressed as a man 105 1625 1629 Anne Jans serves as sailor in the Dutch navy as Jan Janz 106 1628 Glasmastare Kerstin is hanged after it is discovered that she enlisted as a soldier in the Swedish army 107 1628 1629 Maritgen Jans serves in the Dutch navy dressed as a man under the name David van Gorkum 108 1628 1632 Barbara Pieters Adriaens serve in the Dutch army dressed as a man under the name Wilhelm Adriaens 109 June 5 1639 Lady Ann Cunningham leads a mixed sex cavalry troop in the Battle of Berwick 110 1629 Two women are discovered after having served in the Dutch army dressed as men 62 1630s 1647 Gao Guiying leads her army as a general in China 111 1641 Elizabeth Dowdall successfully defends Kilfinny Castle during the Irish Rebellion 112 113 1641 Hendrickgen Lamberts van der Schuyr served in the Dutch army dressed as a man 62 1641 Vrouwthe Frans is discovered after having served in the Dutch army dressed as a man 62 1643 1715 Several soldiers are reportedly discovered to be female in the French army during the reign of Louis XIV of France 114 1643 1644 Shen Yunying leads her own army in China 115 1643 Lady Mary Bankes defends Corfe Castle from a siege in the English Civil War 116 1643 Lady Brilliana Harley defends Brampton Castle during the English Civil War 117 1643 Henrietta Maria of France returns to England from France landing in Yorkshire and joining Royalist troops in the English Civil War 118 1643 Lady Blanche Arundell defends Wardour Castle during the English Civil War 119 1643 An unnamed woman uses the name Claus Bernsen to enlist in the Dutch navy 120 1644 Charlotte Stanley Countess of Derby defends Latham House from Parliamentarian Forces 121 1645 Francoise Marie Jacquelin defence the Fort la Tour during the Acadian Civil War 122 1644 Hilleke Sell and Jenneke Everts served in the Dutch army dressed as men 62 1650 1699 edit Roughly mid to late 1600s Pashtun poet Nazo Tokhi defends a fortress 123 1652 Anne Marie Louise d Orleans Duchess of Montpensier fires the cannons against the army of Turenne during the Fronde 124 1652 1653 Anna Jans serves in the Dutch Navy as a man during the war against England 125 1652 1653 Johanna Jannetje Pieters serves in the Dutch Navy as a man Jan Pietersse during the war against England 126 1652 1653 Adriana La Noy serves as sailor dressed as a man in the Dutch Navy 127 1653 Aagt de Tamboer serves in the Dutch navy dressed as a man 62 1653 Anna Alders serves in the Dutch navy dressed as a man 62 1653 The Princess of Moldavia Doamna Ecaterina Cercheza defends the city of Suceava toward the Ottoman siege 128 1659 Anne Holck leads the defense of the Danish island of Langeland after the death of her spouse against the Swedes during the Dano Swedish War 1658 1660 129 1659 1665 Willemtge Gerrits serves in the Dutch Marine as a man 130 1663 Annetje Barents serves in the Dutch navy dressed as a man under the name Klaas Barents 62 1665 Jacoba Jacobs serves in the Dutch Marine as Jacob Jacobs 131 1666 Hendrick Albertsz in the Dutch navy is discovered to have been a female dressed as a male 62 1667 Engeltje Dirx serves in the Dutch army dressed as a man 62 1667 Jacoba Jacobs serves in the Dutch navy dressed as a man 62 1670 Alena Arzamasskaia a Russian female ataman rebel commanded a detachment of about 600 men and participated in the capture of Temnikov while disguised as a man 132 133 1672 Annetje Pieters serves in the Dutch navy dressed as a man the same year another unnamed female is discovered to have done the same 62 1672 Margaretha Sandra as well as several other women participate in the defence of the Dutch city of Aardenburg against the French 65 1673 Elisabeth Someruell is reputed to have served as Tobias Morello in the Spanish army 62 1673 Isabella Clara Gelvinck serves in the Dutch army dressed as a male 62 1673 An unnamed female serves in the Dutch army dressed as a male 62 1674 An unnamed female serves in the Dutch army dressed as a male 62 1674 Francijntje van Lint serves in the Dutch army dressed as a male 62 1675 An unnamed female serves in the Dutch army dressed as a male 62 1675 An unnamed female serves in the Dutch navy dressed as a male 62 1676 Kong Sizhen succeeds her spouse as Chinese Imperial military commander of Guanxi during the rebellion of Wu Sangui 134 1676 1691 Genevieve Premoy serves in the French army dressed as a male 135 1677 1689 Reign of Keladi Chennamma During her reign of 12 years she repelled the advances of the Mughal Army led by Aurangzeb from her military base in the kingdom of Keladi located in Sagara Karnataka India 136 137 1677 An unnamed female serves in the Dutch navy dressed as a male 62 1679 Lisbetha Olsdotter is put on trial for having served in the Swedish army under the name Mats Ersson 107 1684 Catharina Rosenbrock serves in the Dutch army as well as the navy dressed as a male 62 1685 1688 Ilona Zrinyi defends the Palanok Castle in Munkacs against the Habsburg forces 138 1688 Maria Jacoba de Turenne serves in the Dutch army dressed as a man 139 1690s Kit Cavanagh disguises herself as a man in order to fight as a dragoon 140 1690 Anne Chamberlyne a female tar who disguised herself as a man fights the French at Beachy Head 141 1691 Anna Isabella Gonzaga Duchess of Mantua defends Mantua against the Spanish as regent during the absence of her spouse 142 1691 1696 Marie Magdelaine Mouron serves in the French army dressed as a male 114 1692 Philis de La Charce led a peasant army to help vanquish invading forces in the Dauphine region 143 1694 An unnamed female serves in the Dutch navy dressed as a male 62 1696 Joonas Dirckse in the Dutch navy is discovered to be a female dressed as a male 62 1696 Mongolian Queen Anu dies saving her husband at the Battle of Zuunmod 144 Late 17th century A Finnish female serves in the French English and Danish armies dressed as a male 62 nbsp Philis de La CharceSee also editWomen in 18th century warfareReferences edit a b Steinem Gloria Chesler Phyllis Feitler Bea 1972 Wonder Woman Hole Rinehart and Winston and Warner Books ISBN 0030053765 Introduction to the History of African Civilization Precolonial Africa By C Magbaily Fyle p 74 Lonely Planet India By Lonely Planet Abigail Blasi Michael Benanav Lindsay Brown Mark Elliott Paul Harding Anna Kaminski Anirban Mahapatra Bradley Mayhew John Noble a b c d Turnbull Stephen 2012 Samurai Women 1184 1877 Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 978 1780963334 Beveridge Henry 1907 Akbarnama of Abu l Fazl ibn Mubarak Volume II Asiatic Society Calcutta p 319 Rekha Misra 1967 Women in Mughal India 1526 1748 A D Munshiram Manoharlal p 24 Roelker Nancy Lyman 1968 Queen of Navarre Jeanne d Albret 1528 1572 Cambridge Massachusetts Belknap Press of Harvard University Press ISBN 0674741501 pp 301 312 Petrillo Valerie 2007 A Kid s Guide to Asian American History More Than 70 Activities Chicago Review Press p 162 ISBN 978 1556526343 Rait Satwant Kaur 2005 Sikh Women in England Their Religious and Cultural Beliefs and Social Practices Trentham Books p 47 ISBN 1858563534 Holm Jean John Bowker 1994 Women in Religion Continuum International Publishing Group p 151 ISBN 082645304X 梟雄 津軽為信も 密かに 女 の怨念を恐れていた shuchi php co jp in Japanese Retrieved 2019 04 08 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Labe Louise Charlin Perrin Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 16 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 2 Chronology of Oyo Kingdom s Alaafins Odua Voice Retrieved February 23 2018 Basil Davidson 2014 West Africa Before the Colonial Era A History to 1850 Routledge p 114 ISBN 978 1317882657 Smith Robert 1965 The Alafin in Exile A Study of the Igboho Period in Oyo 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lemmata data Feicken 09 02 2016 Stortoni Laura 1997 Women Poets of the Italian Renaissance Courtly Ladies and Courtesans New York Italica Press Acosta Joaquin 1901 Compendio historico del descubrimiento y colonizacion de la Nueva Granada Libreria Colombiana Bogota Biblioteca Virtual del Banco de la Republica 2004 Losty Jeremiah Codex Casanatense 1889 an Indo Portuguese 16th century album in a Roman library a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help South America By Risa Brown p 21 Turnbull Stephen 2010 Samurai Women 1184 1877 Osprey Publishing p 38 ISBN 978 1846039515 Journey into Europe Islam Immigration and Identity By Akbar Ahmed p 502 Monthly Chronicle of North country Lore and Legend Published for the Proprietors of the New Castle Weekly Chronicle by Walter Scott Newcastle On Tyne and 24 Warwick Lane Paternoster Row London 1888 p 245 1842 Heroinas Portuguesas O Recreio jornal das familias 8 Imprensa Nacional Elizabeth Ewan Sue Innes amp Sian Reynolds The Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women From the Earliest Times to 2004 War Elephants By John M Kistler p 208 Women s Roles in Latin America and the Caribbean By Kathryn A Sloan p 171 http sejarahmalaysia pnm my portalBI detail php section sm04 amp spesifik id 28 amp ttl id 12 Jelasin Fort Legendary Princesses of Malaysia By Raman Krishnan Heroinas Portuguesas O Recreio Jornal das Familias 8 Lisboa Imprensa Nacional 2 1842 Robin Diana Anne R Larsen and Carole Levin Forteguerri Laudomia 1515 1556 Encyclopedia of Women in the Renaissance Italy France and England Santa Barbara ABC CLIO 2007 151 153 p 158 McClure George W The Academy of the Intronati and Sienese Women 1525 1555 Parlour Games and the Public Life of Women in Renaissance Italy Toronto University of Toronto Press 2013 35 51 p 49 Eisenbichler Konrad Laudomia Forteguerri Constructions of a Woman The Sword and the Pen Women Politics and Poetry in Sixteenth century Siena Notre Dame University of Notre Dame Press 2012 101 164 p 155 Lily Xiao Hong Lee and Sue Wiles Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women p 433 Wa Shi 1498 1560 www encyclopedia com Retrieved 19 September 2018 Antonia Fraser Mary Queen of Scots Dell Publishing Co Inc New York March 1971 originally published by Weidenfeld and Nicolson London 1969 India s Road to Nationhood A Political History of the Subcontinent By Wilhelm von Pochhammer p 258 50 Great Freedom Fighters By Rishi Raj Klaproth Julius von 1834 Nipon o dai itsi ran ou Annales des empereurs du Japon in French Oriental Translation Fund p 381 椿姫観音 浜松市の散策 観光案内 www tabi2ikitai com Retrieved 2019 05 28 Gribble Francis Henry 1917 Women in war Dutton p 142 ISBN 1120055105 208 Anteckningar om svenska qvinnor runeberg org 19 September 1864 Retrieved 19 September 2018 Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women edited by Elizabeth L Ewan Sue Innes Sian Reynolds Rose Pipes p 61 日本人名大辞典 Plus 朝日日本歴史人物事典 デジタル版 市川局 いちかわのつぼね とは コトバンク in Japanese Retrieved 2019 04 26 日本人名大辞典 Plus 朝日日本歴史人物事典 デジタル版 妙喜 みょうき とは コトバンク in Japanese Retrieved 2019 05 09 Roger Crowley Empires of the Sea The Final Battle for the Mediterranean 1521 1580 Faber amp Faber ISBN 0571250807 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Rudolf Dekker en Lotte van de Pol Vrouwen in mannenkleren De geschiedenis van een tegendraadse traditie Europa 1500 1800 Amsterdam 1989 Ephemeris seu diarium eorum quae circa Herelemum nobilitatissimum clarissimumque Hollandiae oppidum evenerunt abs sexto Iduum Decembrium anni humanae salutis 1572 usque ad 14 Kalendarum Martium anni 1573 ab oculato teste in gratiam veritatis amantium diligenter fideliterque collectum Latin title of anonymous manuscript published in Delft in 1573 djr 18 January 2018 Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland www historici nl Retrieved 19 September 2018 a b Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland DVN Sadler A L 2010 The Maker of Modern Japan The Life of Tokugawa Ieyasu Routledge ISBN 978 1136924705 Retrieved 10 October 2017 Walter Lee Williams The Spirit and the Flesh Boston Beacon Press 1988 p 233 Rayfield Donald 2012 Edge of Empires A History of Georgia London Reaktion Books pp 175 176 ISBN 978 1780230306 Allen W E D 1932 A history of the Georgian people from the beginning down to the Russian conquest in the nineteenth century London Routledge amp K Paul p 383 ISBN 0710069596 Mamistvalishvili Eldar 2009 პატრონობდა დედისიმედი სამცხეს XVI ს ის სამცხე საათაბაგოს ისტორიიდან Dedisimedi patronized Samtskhe From the 16th century history of Samtskhe Saatabago PDF Proceedings of the Institute of Georgian History in Georgian and English IX 105 111 Turnbull Stephen 2012 Samurai Women 1184 1877 Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 978 1846039522 Instituut voor Nederlandse geschiedenis Juste Theodore 2011 1861 Christine De Lalaing Princesse D epinoy Nabu Press ISBN 978 1247035796 Dianne Dugaw Warrior Women and Popular Balladry 1650 1850 Jōmo oyobi Jōmojin in Japanese 1931 新田の史蹟 in Japanese 岡部福蔵 1938 石川県 紙本著色圓智院妙浄 篠原一孝夫人 画像 紙本著色奥村永福夫妻画像 石川県 in Japanese Retrieved 2019 05 11 Bacon Alice Mabel 2015 Samurai Women Japanese Girls and Women Cambridge University Press pp 196 227 doi 10 1017 cbo9781316144657 009 ISBN 978 1316144657 芳賀登 1998 日本女性人名辞典 普及版 in Japanese 東京 日本図書センター ISBN 978 4820578819 OCLC 41553996 Biografienummer in 1001 Vrouwen 147 Perello Renedo Esteban 2000 Maria Pita e dezaseis dias de maio Hercules ediciones 忍城 埋もれた古城 umoretakojo jp Retrieved 2019 05 24 a b Turnbull Stephen 2012 Samurai Women 1184 1877 Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 978 1846039522 A Companion to Women s Military History edited by Barton C Hacker and Margaret Vining 2012 pp 68 69 Jyotsna Kamat Education in Karnataka through the ages Education Among Muslims Tegenborg Falkdalen Karin Vasadrottningen en biografi over Katarina Stenbock 1535 1621 The Vasa Queen A biography of Catherine Stenbock 1535 1621 Historiska media Lund 2015 Ensure Belwadi Mallamma of Belgaum district gets her place in international history The Hindu Chennai India 2008 10 26 Archived from the original on 30 October 2008 Retrieved 2008 11 17 Women of prominence in Karnataka Archived from the original on January 8 2014 Retrieved 2008 11 17 Alpern Stanley B 1998 Amazons of Black Sparta The Women Warriors of Dahomey New York New York University Press ISBN 978 0814706787 Antonio Maria Jose de Melo Cesar e Meneses Sabugosa conde de Neves de Antanho S l Livraria Bertrand 315 p djr 18 January 2018 Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland www historici nl Retrieved 19 September 2018 Panglima Armada para Janda Archived from the original on September 9 2012 Retrieved January 30 2012 Turnbull Stephen 2012 Samurai Women 1184 1877 Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 978 1846039522 Turnbull Stephen 2012 Samurai Women 1184 1877 Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 978 1846039522 Turnbull Stephen 2012 Samurai Women 1184 1877 Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 978 1780963334 djr 18 January 2018 Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland www historici nl Retrieved 19 September 2018 Robert Aldrich Garry Wotherspoon Eds 2002 Who s who in Gay and Lesbian History From Antiquity to World War II 2nd ed London Taylor amp Francis Routledge p 178 ISBN 978 0415159838 Westgiota Gustavianer En kulturhistorisk forening som levandegor den gustavianska tiden PDF Retrieved 19 September 2018 Prillarguri og slektskretsen hennes Lars Loberg Norwegian Genealogical Society 2003 Slaget ved Kringen arkivverket no Retrieved February 1 2017 Qin Liangyu Commander in Chief of Sichuan Province Colorq org Retrieved 2008 06 30 Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women Volume II Tang Through Ming 618 1644 Edited by Lily Xiao Hong Lee and Sue Wiles p 319 2014 Turnbull Stephen 2012 Osaka 1615 The last battle of the samurai Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 978 1782000099 2003 Revista do Instituto Historico e Geografico do Espirito Santo nr 57 djr 18 January 2018 Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland www historici nl Retrieved 19 September 2018 djr 18 January 2018 Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland www historici nl Retrieved 19 September 2018 a b Borgstrom Eva in Swedish Makalosa kvinnor konsoverskridare i myt och verklighet Marvelous women genderbenders in myth and reality Alfabeta Anamma Stockholm 2002 ISBN 9150101919 inb Libris 8707902 djr 18 January 2018 Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland www historici nl Retrieved 19 September 2018 djr 18 January 2018 Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland www historici nl Retrieved 19 September 2018 Grace under pressure the emergence of women in sport p 100 Adrianne Blue 1987 Gao Guiying General of the Peasant Rebels Colorq org Retrieved 2008 06 30 Women s Lives Biographies Women s Lives Fire and Siege a b John A Lynn The French Wars 1667 1714 The Sun King at War 2002 General Shen Yunying Complete in Loyalty and Filial Piety Colorq org Retrieved 2008 06 30 John Burke A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland p 308 Lee Sidney 1890 Harley Brilliana In Stephen Leslie Lee Sidney Dictionary of National Biography 24 London Smith Elder amp Co Purkiss Diane 2007 The English Civil War A People s History London Harper p 249 Cooper Thompson Arundell Blanche Lady A New Biographical Dictionary Containing Concise Notices of Eminent Persons of All Ages and Countries and More Particularly of Great Britain and Ireland London Bell 1873 djr 18 January 2018 Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland www historici nl Retrieved 19 September 2018 Draper Peter 1864 Charlotte de Tremouille The House of Stanley Including the Sieges of Lathom Hous with Notices of Relative and Co temporary Incidents amp c Ormskirk T Hutton pp 242 246 JACQUELIN FRANCOISE MARIE Dictionary of Canadian Biography University of Toronto Press 1979 2005 Retrieved 2012 10 28 The Hidden Treasure A Biography of Pas htoon Poets By Muḥammad Hotak ʻAbd al Ḥayy Ḥabibi p 135 Pitts Vincent Joseph La Grande Mademoiselle at the Court of France The Johns Hopkins University Press 2000 ISBN 0801864666 djr 18 January 2018 Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland www historici nl Retrieved 19 September 2018 djr 18 January 2018 Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland www historici nl Retrieved 19 September 2018 djr 18 January 2018 Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland www historici nl Retrieved 19 September 2018 George Marcu coord Enciclopedia personalităţilor feminine din Romania Editura Meronia București 2012 Dansk biografisk Lexikon VII Bind I Hansen Holmsted djr 18 January 2018 Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland www historici nl Retrieved 19 September 2018 djr 18 January 2018 Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland www historici nl Retrieved 19 September 2018 Pennington Reina 2003 Amazons to Fighter Pilots A Biographical Dictionary of Military Women Westport CT Greenwood Press p 28 ISBN 0313327076 Natalʹi a Lʹvovna Pushkareva Eve Levin Women in Russian history from the tenth to the twentieth century M E Sharpe 1997 Lily Xiao Hong Lee Clara Lau A D Stefanowska Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women v 1 The Qing Period 1644 1911 Jessica Munns amp Penny Richards The Clothes that Wear Us Essays on Dressing and Transgressing in Eighteenth century culture 1999 Buchanan Francis 1988 A journey from Madras through the countries of Mysore Canara and Malabar for the express purpose of investigating the state of agriculture arts and commerce the religion manners and customs the history natural and civil and antiquities 1st AES reprint ed New Delhi Asian Educational Services p 126 ISBN 978 8120603868 Woman Her History and Her Struggle for Emancipation By B S Chandrababu L Thilagavathi p 242 The Monumental Nation Magyar Nationalism and Symbolic Politics in Fin de siecle Hungary By Balint Varga p 96 djr 18 January 2018 Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland www historici nl Retrieved 19 September 2018 Daniel Defoe Roxana or The fortunate mistress and The life and adventures of Mother Ross New York H G Bohn 1855 Isabelle Bauino Jacques Carre Cecile Revauger The Invisible Woman Aspects Of Women s Work In Eighteenth century Britain Anna Isabella Gonzaga duchessa di Mantova na sajte Treccani it Encyclopedia Italiana AUED par 2020 07 08 Philis de la Charce Etudes dromoises in French Retrieved 2021 04 15 Powers John Templeman David 2012 Historical Dictionary of Tibet Scarecrow Press p 245 ISBN 978 0810879843 Further reading editDe Pauw Linda Grant Battle Cries and Lullabies Women in War from Prehistory to the Present University of Oklahoma Press 1998 popular history by a leading scholar Dugaw Dianne Warrior Women and Popular Balladry 1650 1850 Cambridge University Press 1989 Fraser Antonia The Warrior Queens Vintage Books 1990 Hacker Barton C Women and Military Institutions in Early Modern Europe A Reconnaissance Signs 1981 v 6 pp 643 671 Illston James Michael An Entirely Masculine Activity Women and War in the High and Late Middle Ages Reconsidered MA thesis University of Canterbury 2009 full text online with detailed review of the literature Little Ann Abraham in Arms War and Gender in Colonial New England University of Pennsylvania Press 2007 Lynn John Women Armies and Warfare in Early Modern Europe Cambridge University Press 2008 McLaughlin Megan The Woman Warrior Gender Warfare and Society in Medieval Europe Women s Studies 1990 17 193 209 Martino Gina M Women at War in the Borderlands of the Early American Northeast University of North Carolina Press 2018 Rediker Marcus Liberty Beneath the Jolly Roger The Lives of Anne Bonny and Mary Read Pirates in In Iron Men Wooden Women Gender and Seafaring in the Atlantic World 1700 1920 ed by Margaret Creighton and Lisa Norling pp 1 33 Johns Hopkins University Press 1996 Stolterer Helen Figures of Female Militancy in Medieval France Signs Journal of Women in Culture and Society 16 1991 522 549 Taufer Alison The Only Good Amazon is a Converted Amazon The Woman Warrior and Christianity in the Amadis Cycle in Playing With Gender A Renaissance Pursuit ed by Jean R Brink et al pp 35 51 University of Illinois Press 1991 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Women in the military Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Women in warfare 1500 1699 amp oldid 1218556141, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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