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Witch Fire

May 02, 2024

Not to be confused with Creek Fire (2017).

The Witch Creek Fire, also known as the Witch Fire,[1] was the second-largest wildfire of the 2007 California wildfire season,[2] burning 197,990 acres (801 km2) of land in San Diego County. Fanned by powerful Santa Ana winds, the Witch Creek Fire rapidly spread westward and consumed large portions of San Diego County. During its duration, flames reached 80 to 100 feet (24 to 30 m) high, and the Witch Fire exhibited the characteristics of a firestorm at its height.

Witch Creek fire
Part of the Fall 2007 California firestorm
Image of the wildfire burning in the background, on the night of October 21, 2007
Date(s)
  • October 21, 2007 (2007-10-21) –
  • November 13, 2007 (2007-11-13)
[a]
LocationSan Diego County, California, US
Statistics
Burned area197,990 acres (801 km2)
Impacts
Deaths2 civilians
Non-fatal injuries55 firefighters
  • 15 injured by the Poomacha Fire
Structures destroyed
  • 1,265 residential structures
  • 587 outbuildings
Damage$1.339 billion (equivalent to $1.968 billion in 2023)
Ignition
CauseDowned electric power lines

On the morning of October 22, 2007, about a day after the Witch Creek Fire had ignited, residents of San Diego County were ordered to evacuate through the Reverse 911 system. Eventually, the Witch Creek Fire led to the evacuations of 500,000 people across San Diego County. It also contributed to mass evacuations across much of Southern California, which saw 1,000,000 residents evacuate, the largest in Californian history.[3] The Witch Fire caused at least $1.142 billion (equivalent to $1.678 billion in 2023) in insured damages alone, becoming the costliest wildfire of 2007. As of 2022, the Witch Fire is the eighteenth-largest wildfire in modern California history,[4] as well as the seventh-most destructive wildfire on record in California.[5]

Fire progression edit

 
San Diego skyline against the smoke at sunrise, on October 23, 2007.
 
Image of the smoke-filled sky in San Diego, on the morning of October 22, 2007.

The Witch Creek Fire started in Witch Creek Canyon near Santa Ysabel, at 12:35 p.m. PDT on Sunday, October 21, 2007, after powerful Santa Ana winds blew down a power line, releasing sparks into the wind.[6] The Witch Fire quickly spread to San Diego Country Estates, Ramona, Rancho Bernardo, Poway, and Escondido. From there, the fire jumped over Interstate 15 and continued west, causing significant damage in Lake Hodges, Del Dios, and Rancho Santa Fe.[7]

Strong Santa Ana winds pushed the fires west towards the coast.[8] San Diego County Sheriff William B. Kolendar stated that the Witch Creek Fire could be "well in excess of the Cedar Fire of 2003".[9] While many coastal communities were evacuated as the fire moved west, the shifting winds prevented it from directly threatening those areas. By the evening of October 21, the Witch Creek Fire had expanded to 2,000 acres (8 km2).[10]

Witch and Guejito fires merge edit

On Monday, October 22, the Santa Ana winds peaked, reaching sustained wind speeds of 90 mph (140 km/h), with winds gusting up to 112 mph (180 km/h). The extremely powerful Santa Ana winds fanned the wildfires in Southern California, causing many of the wildfires to rapidly expand westward.[10] At 1:30 a.m. on October 22, the Guejito Fire ignited southeast of the San Diego Wild Animal Park, within the San Pasqual River drainage. By early morning, the Guejito Fire had expanded to Interstate 15, forcing the closure of the freeway in both directions, which disrupted some evacuations from areas affected by the Witch Creek Fire.[10][11] In less than an hour, the Witch Creek Fire caught up with the Guejito Fire to the west, and the two fires combined into a single, massive wildfire before dawn. With powerful Santa Ana winds gusting over 100 mph (160 km/h), the Witch Creek Fire then jumped over Interstate 15, rapidly burning into Rancho Bernardo.[10][11] Residents located between the Del Dios Highway and State Route 56 along with the unincorporated area of Escondido were ordered to evacuate.[8][12] A firefighter stated that the conditions they faced were "twice as bad" as the Cedar Fire in 2003, with firefighters separating houses into those that they could save and those that they couldn't.[13]

The Witch Creek Fire continued to race westward, and by that night, mandatory evacuation orders had been expanded westward to Escondido and Del Mar, all the way up to the coast.[12] A dispatch from the city of Del Mar's web site stated that all Del Mar residents had to evacuate[14] Evacuations were also ordered for Scripps Ranch neighborhood, specifically everything south of Scripps Poway Parkway, north of MCAS Miramar, east of Interstate 15, and west of Highway 67. The Mesa Grande Indian Reservation was also evacuated due to the Witch Fire.[15] Residents of the Barona Indian Reservation were advised to leave, though the evacuation was not mandatory. The casino on the reservation was closed. By the end of October 22, the Witch Creek Fire had exploded to 145,000 acres (587 km2) and was still rapidly expanding.[10]

 
Burn area map of the Witch Creek Fire on October 30, after it had merged with the Poomacha Fire.

The Witch fire reaches the Poomacha Fire edit

At 3:13 a.m. on October 23, the Poomacha Fire was ignited in the La Jolla Indian Reservation in northeastern San Diego County. On the same day, the Poomacha Fire quickly exploded to 20,000 acres (81 km2), with most of that growth occurring within one and a half hours.[10][16] During that afternoon, evacuations of Del Mar, Chula Vista, Poway, Del Mar Heights, and Scripps Ranch were lifted for many residents.[17][18] That night, the town of Julian, California, was ordered to evacuate. Due to the fires, there was no power or phone service in the town.[19]

On Wednesday, October 24, the Santa Ana winds began to subside, and the prevailing winds shifted directions, with the onshore flow blowing in from the west; this caused the Witch Creek Fire to reverse directions and begin burning eastward, ending the threat to the coastal communities. This also allowed the fire to burn previously unburned fuel (which was passed over during the initial rapid spread of the fire), threatening communities further east that had so far avoided the worst of the Witch Creek Fire.[10][20] On the same day, some of the evacuation orders in place for Rancho Bernardo, Rancho Peñasquitos, 4S Ranch, and other areas west of Rancho Bernardo were lifted, after the western part of the Witch Creek Fire was contained. However, the evacuation orders in place for eastern and northern Rancho Bernardo, around Lake Hodges, were still in place.[21]

The California Highway Patrol closed Interstate 5, after the Ammo Fire burned across the freeway; the Ammo Fire also forced the closures of the Amtrak California Surfliner service between Oceanside and San Clemente. These routes had previously been used to evacuate residents from the Witch Creek Fire areas.[22] Traffic from Interstate 5 was diverted to Interstate 15, which had reopened since the portion of the Witch Creek Fire around Interstate 15 had been extinguished.[23] That day, after the winds had reversed, the Witch Fire began approaching the nearby Poomacha Fire to the north, which was burning near Palomar Mountain, with firefighters and officials fearing that the two wildfires would soon merge.[24] By this time, the Poomacha Fire had grown to 35,000 acres (142 km2), and also began burning towards Palomar Mountain, to the north. Despite the fact that the Poomacha Fire was still much smaller than the Witch Creek Fire, firefighters were unable to establish a fire perimeter around the younger fire, due to the fact that other larger fires had rendered available firefighters and equipment scarce for the Poomacha Fire.[10][24] On October 25, the Witch Fire and the Poomacha Fire merged into one complex fire, with the two wildfires joining to the south of Palomar Mountain.[10]

Witch Fire contained edit

By October 26, the Santa Ana winds had finally subsided and the onshore flow had fully returned, slowing down the spread of the remaining wildfires and aiding firefighters in their efforts to contain them.[10] On the same day, the Witch Fire merged with the contained McCoy Fire,[25] which had previously burned 400 acres in the Pine Hills area, in eastern San Diego County.[26]

On November 6, the main portion of the Witch Creek Fire was 100% contained, although the Poomacha fire continued to burn near Palomar Mountain for another week.[6] On November 13, the Poomacha Fire was fully contained, bringing the all the fires completely under control.[10]

Impacts edit

By mid-morning on October 22, thousands of evacuees were taking shelter in Qualcomm Stadium and other locations throughout San Diego.[27] That afternoon , the Marines evacuated some planes from Marine Corps Air Station Miramar to other military bases in California and Arizona.[28] The Navy moved all non-essential personnel from Naval Base San Diego barracks onto nearby vessels to accommodate refugees.[29] The San Diego Wild Animal Park moved some animals to the on-site animal hospital for their protection.[8] Both undocumented and legal migrant workers were endangered by the crisis, sometimes staying at work in the fields within mandatory evacuation zones. Many had lived in the canyons nearby and distrusted officials.[30] When fleeing the fires, some were arrested, while others were turned away from shelters due to lack of adequate identification.[31]

The Witch Creek Fire forced the evacuation of at least 500,000 people from over 346,000 homes in San Diego County.[7][32] Evacuation sites in San Diego County included Qualcomm Stadium, Escondido High School, Mission Hills High School, Poway High School, Mira Mesa Senior High School, and the Del Mar Fairgrounds.[8][27] Many major roads were also closed as a result of the fires and smoke. On October 22, the California Highway Patrol closed Interstate 15 in both directions between State Routes 78 and 56.[8] On October 24, the Ammo (Horno) Fire forced the closure of Interstate 5, as well as the Amtrak California Surfliner service between Oceanside and San Clemente.[22] Traffic from Interstate 5 was being diverted to Interstate 15, which had reopened.[23]

Air quality and effects on health edit

The concentration of particulate matter 10 micrometers and smaller (designated PM10) reached unhealthy levels as a result of the fires. PM10 particles are small enough to enter deep into the lungs and possibly the bloodstream. San Diego city attorney Michael Aguirre, citing concerns over weather conditions and air quality, urged the city to consider a voluntary evacuation of the entire city.[33]

 
Smoke fills the horizon in East San Diego County, October 22, 2007.

Response edit

The Department of Defense contributed twelve engines for firefighting efforts. The California National Guard called more than 2,400 troops,[34] with 17,000 soldiers on standby.[29] Six crews from the Navy's Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron 85 based at Naval Air Station North Island were assigned to battle the Witch Creek fire. They flew MH-60 Seahawk helicopters equipped with a 420-gallon water bucket and were the only local Navy teams trained to fight fires from the air. Marine Corps Air Station Miramar contributed several aircraft as well as fire fighting trucks to operations based in Ramona.[35] One of the larger airtankers, the 7,000-gallon Martin Mars, was sent through a private contract from its home in Port Alberni, British Columbia, on October 25, landing on Lake Elsinore in Riverside County, California. Two other airtankers and their crews from Quebec worked on the fires, part of an annual three-month contract with the state of California.[36]

California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger declared a state of emergency in seven California counties where fires burned. President George W. Bush concurred[37] and visited the region on Thursday, October 25, 2007.[38]

Rep. Duncan Hunter criticized state fire officials for delaying the use of Marine helicopters until CalFire spotters were in position to coordinate their efforts. However, California Fire Marshal Kate Dargan said that the Marines and officials at CalFire were following procedures worked out with the military after serious problems with air coordination during the 2003 California wildfires.[39]

Aftermath edit

A total of 197,000 acres were burned by the Witch Fire. In addition, the fire killed two people, injured 40 firefighters, and destroyed 1,125 homes.[6] The Witch Fire is estimated to have at least $1.142 billion (equivalent to $1.678 billion in 2023[40]) in insured damages alone.[41][42] As of 2022, the Witch Fire is the eighteenth-largest wildfire in modern California history,[43] as well as the seventh-most destructive wildfire on record in California.[44]

 
The remains of a home destroyed by the Witch Creek Fire

The California Public Utilities Commission ruled that in the Witch and Guejito fires, along with the Rice fire, San Diego Gas and Electric had not trimmed back trees as state law requires. The power line that caused the Witch fires shorted three times in three hours, but the utility did not cut power to it for six hours.[45] In August 2017, administrative law judges S. Pat Tsen and Sasha Goldberg ruled that the utility did not reasonably manage its facilities and that the wildfires were not outside of its control. Therefore, they ruled that the utility could not pass its uninsured costs along to its ratepayers. The PUC agreed in early December in a 5–0 vote.[45][46] Legal claims after the fires totaled $5.6 billion (equivalent to $8.2 billion in 2023[40]), $2.4 billion (equivalent to $3.5 billion[40]) after the utility settled 2,500 lawsuits for damages.[47] The $379 million (equivalent to $557 million[40]) it had sought to pass along to customers represented uninsured costs.[45]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ The original Witch Fire perimeter was fully contained on November 6.

References edit

  1. ^ (PDF). Air Worldwide Corporation. December 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 12, 2017. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
  2. ^ (PDF). CalFire. September 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
  3. ^ McLean, Demian; Peter J. Brennan (October 24, 2007). . Bloomberg. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011.
  4. ^ "Top 20 Largest California Wildfires" (PDF). CAL FIRE. October 24, 2022. (PDF) from the original on November 2, 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
  5. ^ "Top 20 Most Destructive California Wildfires" (PDF). CAL FIRE. October 24, 2022. (PDF) from the original on September 5, 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
  6. ^ a b c . CAL FIRE. November 6, 2007. Archived from the original on January 15, 2019. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
  7. ^ a b . San Diego Fire-Rescue Department. October 2007. Archived from the original on October 24, 2007. Retrieved November 12, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  8. ^ a b c d e Martinez, Angelica; Gros, Greg (October 22, 2007). . The San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on October 24, 2007. Retrieved October 22, 2007.
  9. ^ Martinez, Angelica; Manolatos, Tony (October 22, 2007). . The San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on September 3, 2009. Retrieved October 22, 2007.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k (PDF). January 8, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 19, 2018. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
  11. ^ a b Himchak, Elizabeth Marie (November 12, 2012). "Witch Creek fire five years later: Recovery, preparation efforts continue". from the original on November 13, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
  12. ^ a b Ekard, Walker F. (February 2008). "2007 San Diego County Firestorms After Action Report" (PDF). County of San Diego. (PDF) from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
  13. ^ "Huge Wildfires Merge, Continue Pushing West". KPBS. October 22, 2007. from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
  14. ^ . The San Diego Union-Tribune. October 22, 2007. Archived from the original on October 24, 2007. Retrieved October 22, 2007.
  15. ^ . The San Diego Union-Tribune. October 22, 2007. Archived from the original on October 24, 2007. Retrieved October 22, 2007.
  16. ^ . CAL FIRE. November 9, 2007. Archived from the original on December 11, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
  17. ^ . NBC 7 San Diego. October 24, 2007. Archived from the original on October 25, 2007. Retrieved August 16, 2023.
  18. ^ . 10News. October 21, 2007. Archived from the original on October 24, 2007. Retrieved August 15, 2023.
  19. ^ . The San Diego Union-Tribune. October 23, 2007. Archived from the original on October 26, 2007. Retrieved October 23, 2007.
  20. ^ Anderson, Erik (October 16, 2017). "10 Years Ago: Firestorms Ravaged San Diego County". KPBS. from the original on May 16, 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
  21. ^ "Witch Creek blaze hits RB hardest". October 25, 2007. from the original on November 12, 2017. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
  22. ^ a b . The San Diego Union-Tribune. October 24, 2007. Archived from the original on October 25, 2007. Retrieved October 24, 2007.
  23. ^ a b . The San Diego Union-Tribune. October 24, 2007. Archived from the original on October 25, 2007. Retrieved October 24, 2007.
  24. ^ a b . 10News. October 24, 2007. Archived from the original on November 19, 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
  25. ^ Prather, Chip (March 28, 2008). "After Action Report Santiago Fire: October 21 - November 9, 2007" (PDF). Orange County Fire Authority. (PDF) from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
  26. ^ . 10News. October 23, 2007. Archived from the original on November 15, 2013. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
  27. ^ a b Reza, H.G.; Leovy, Jill; Pham, Alex (October 24, 2007). "Scale of the fires' disruption on display at San Diego stadium". Los Angeles Times. from the original on April 4, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2007.
  28. ^ . The San Diego Union-Tribune. October 22, 2007. Archived from the original on October 24, 2007. Retrieved October 22, 2007.
  29. ^ a b "Military helps fight fires while personnel evacuated". CNN.com. October 23, 2007. from the original on January 28, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2007.
  30. ^ Isackson, Amy (October 25, 2007). "Fires Highlight Safety Needs of Migrant Workers". npr.org. National Public Radio. from the original on October 28, 2007. Retrieved October 28, 2007.
  31. ^ . kcbs.com. KCBS All News Radio 740 AM. October 27, 2007. Archived from the original on October 29, 2007. Retrieved October 28, 2007.
  32. ^ "California Wildfires Trigger Widespread Evacuations 2018-05-26 at the Wayback Machine". NPR (2007-10-24). Retrieved on 2007-10-24.
  33. ^ Vigil, Jennifer (October 24, 2007). . The San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on October 26, 2007. Retrieved October 24, 2007.
  34. ^ Seipmann, Jon (October 25, 2007). . California National Guard. State of California. Archived from the original on May 9, 2009. Retrieved May 12, 2009.
  35. ^ . The San Diego Union-Tribune. October 22, 2007. Archived from the original on October 12, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  36. ^ . cbc.ca. CBC News. October 23, 2007. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  37. ^ "Statement on Federal Disaster Assistance for California" (Press release). The White House. October 23, 2007. from the original on October 20, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2007.
  38. ^ "Bush promises aid for victims of California fires". Associated Press. October 23, 2007. from the original on February 27, 2014. Retrieved October 23, 2007.
  39. ^ . The San Diego Union-Tribune. October 23, 2007. Archived from the original on October 26, 2007. Retrieved October 23, 2007.
  40. ^ a b c d 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  41. ^ Fischetti, Mark (May 27, 2011). "How Much Do Wildfires Cost in Terms of Property Damage?". Scientific American. from the original on June 27, 2014. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
  42. ^ Roberts, Jacob (2015). "The Best of Intentions". Distillations. 1 (2). Chemical Heritage Foundation: 38–39. from the original on August 23, 2023. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
  43. ^ (PDF). CAL FIRE. September 11, 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 26, 2020. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
  44. ^ (PDF). CAL FIRE. September 10, 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 30, 2020. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
  45. ^ a b c Baker, David R. (December 1, 2017). . San Francisco Chronicle. p. C1. Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  46. ^ Rogers, Paul (December 1, 2017). "PUC: Utility can't pass fire costs to customers: Setting stage for PG&E claims, San Diego power company, stockholders liable for $379M". The Mercury News. Bay Area News Group. p. A1.
  47. ^ Rogers, Paul (November 30, 2017). "Wildfires: Utility blocked from charging customers for wildfire costs". The Mercury News. from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2019.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Witch Fire.
  • Interagency State BAER Report: The Witch Fire November 12, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
  • Largest fires in San Diego County history from 10News
  • Southern California's Worst Brush Fires

May 02, 2024
witch, fire, confused, with, creek, fire, 2017, witch, creek, fire, also, known, second, largest, wildfire, 2007, california, wildfire, season, burning, acres, land, diego, county, fanned, powerful, santa, winds, witch, creek, fire, rapidly, spread, westward, . Not to be confused with Creek Fire 2017 The Witch Creek Fire also known as the Witch Fire 1 was the second largest wildfire of the 2007 California wildfire season 2 burning 197 990 acres 801 km2 of land in San Diego County Fanned by powerful Santa Ana winds the Witch Creek Fire rapidly spread westward and consumed large portions of San Diego County During its duration flames reached 80 to 100 feet 24 to 30 m high and the Witch Fire exhibited the characteristics of a firestorm at its height Witch Creek firePart of the Fall 2007 California firestormImage of the wildfire burning in the background on the night of October 21 2007Date s October 21 2007 2007 10 21 November 13 2007 2007 11 13 a LocationSan Diego County California USStatisticsBurned area197 990 acres 801 km2 ImpactsDeaths2 civiliansNon fatal injuries55 firefighters 15 injured by the Poomacha FireStructures destroyed1 265 residential structures587 outbuildingsDamage 1 339 billion equivalent to 1 968 billion in 2023 IgnitionCauseDowned electric power lines On the morning of October 22 2007 about a day after the Witch Creek Fire had ignited residents of San Diego County were ordered to evacuate through the Reverse 911 system Eventually the Witch Creek Fire led to the evacuations of 500 000 people across San Diego County It also contributed to mass evacuations across much of Southern California which saw 1 000 000 residents evacuate the largest in Californian history 3 The Witch Fire caused at least 1 142 billion equivalent to 1 678 billion in 2023 in insured damages alone becoming the costliest wildfire of 2007 As of 2022 update the Witch Fire is the eighteenth largest wildfire in modern California history 4 as well as the seventh most destructive wildfire on record in California 5 Contents 1 Fire progression 1 1 Witch and Guejito fires merge 1 2 The Witch fire reaches the Poomacha Fire 1 3 Witch Fire contained 2 Impacts 2 1 Air quality and effects on health 2 2 Response 3 Aftermath 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksFire progression edit nbsp San Diego skyline against the smoke at sunrise on October 23 2007 nbsp Image of the smoke filled sky in San Diego on the morning of October 22 2007 The Witch Creek Fire started in Witch Creek Canyon near Santa Ysabel at 12 35 p m PDT on Sunday October 21 2007 after powerful Santa Ana winds blew down a power line releasing sparks into the wind 6 The Witch Fire quickly spread to San Diego Country Estates Ramona Rancho Bernardo Poway and Escondido From there the fire jumped over Interstate 15 and continued west causing significant damage in Lake Hodges Del Dios and Rancho Santa Fe 7 Strong Santa Ana winds pushed the fires west towards the coast 8 San Diego County Sheriff William B Kolendar stated that the Witch Creek Fire could be well in excess of the Cedar Fire of 2003 9 While many coastal communities were evacuated as the fire moved west the shifting winds prevented it from directly threatening those areas By the evening of October 21 the Witch Creek Fire had expanded to 2 000 acres 8 km2 10 Witch and Guejito fires merge edit On Monday October 22 the Santa Ana winds peaked reaching sustained wind speeds of 90 mph 140 km h with winds gusting up to 112 mph 180 km h The extremely powerful Santa Ana winds fanned the wildfires in Southern California causing many of the wildfires to rapidly expand westward 10 At 1 30 a m on October 22 the Guejito Fire ignited southeast of the San Diego Wild Animal Park within the San Pasqual River drainage By early morning the Guejito Fire had expanded to Interstate 15 forcing the closure of the freeway in both directions which disrupted some evacuations from areas affected by the Witch Creek Fire 10 11 In less than an hour the Witch Creek Fire caught up with the Guejito Fire to the west and the two fires combined into a single massive wildfire before dawn With powerful Santa Ana winds gusting over 100 mph 160 km h the Witch Creek Fire then jumped over Interstate 15 rapidly burning into Rancho Bernardo 10 11 Residents located between the Del Dios Highway and State Route 56 along with the unincorporated area of Escondido were ordered to evacuate 8 12 A firefighter stated that the conditions they faced were twice as bad as the Cedar Fire in 2003 with firefighters separating houses into those that they could save and those that they couldn t 13 The Witch Creek Fire continued to race westward and by that night mandatory evacuation orders had been expanded westward to Escondido and Del Mar all the way up to the coast 12 A dispatch from the city of Del Mar s web site stated that all Del Mar residents had to evacuate 14 Evacuations were also ordered for Scripps Ranch neighborhood specifically everything south of Scripps Poway Parkway north of MCAS Miramar east of Interstate 15 and west of Highway 67 The Mesa Grande Indian Reservation was also evacuated due to the Witch Fire 15 Residents of the Barona Indian Reservation were advised to leave though the evacuation was not mandatory The casino on the reservation was closed By the end of October 22 the Witch Creek Fire had exploded to 145 000 acres 587 km2 and was still rapidly expanding 10 nbsp Burn area map of the Witch Creek Fire on October 30 after it had merged with the Poomacha Fire The Witch fire reaches the Poomacha Fire edit At 3 13 a m on October 23 the Poomacha Fire was ignited in the La Jolla Indian Reservation in northeastern San Diego County On the same day the Poomacha Fire quickly exploded to 20 000 acres 81 km2 with most of that growth occurring within one and a half hours 10 16 During that afternoon evacuations of Del Mar Chula Vista Poway Del Mar Heights and Scripps Ranch were lifted for many residents 17 18 That night the town of Julian California was ordered to evacuate Due to the fires there was no power or phone service in the town 19 On Wednesday October 24 the Santa Ana winds began to subside and the prevailing winds shifted directions with the onshore flow blowing in from the west this caused the Witch Creek Fire to reverse directions and begin burning eastward ending the threat to the coastal communities This also allowed the fire to burn previously unburned fuel which was passed over during the initial rapid spread of the fire threatening communities further east that had so far avoided the worst of the Witch Creek Fire 10 20 On the same day some of the evacuation orders in place for Rancho Bernardo Rancho Penasquitos 4S Ranch and other areas west of Rancho Bernardo were lifted after the western part of the Witch Creek Fire was contained However the evacuation orders in place for eastern and northern Rancho Bernardo around Lake Hodges were still in place 21 The California Highway Patrol closed Interstate 5 after the Ammo Fire burned across the freeway the Ammo Fire also forced the closures of the Amtrak California Surfliner service between Oceanside and San Clemente These routes had previously been used to evacuate residents from the Witch Creek Fire areas 22 Traffic from Interstate 5 was diverted to Interstate 15 which had reopened since the portion of the Witch Creek Fire around Interstate 15 had been extinguished 23 That day after the winds had reversed the Witch Fire began approaching the nearby Poomacha Fire to the north which was burning near Palomar Mountain with firefighters and officials fearing that the two wildfires would soon merge 24 By this time the Poomacha Fire had grown to 35 000 acres 142 km2 and also began burning towards Palomar Mountain to the north Despite the fact that the Poomacha Fire was still much smaller than the Witch Creek Fire firefighters were unable to establish a fire perimeter around the younger fire due to the fact that other larger fires had rendered available firefighters and equipment scarce for the Poomacha Fire 10 24 On October 25 the Witch Fire and the Poomacha Fire merged into one complex fire with the two wildfires joining to the south of Palomar Mountain 10 Witch Fire contained edit By October 26 the Santa Ana winds had finally subsided and the onshore flow had fully returned slowing down the spread of the remaining wildfires and aiding firefighters in their efforts to contain them 10 On the same day the Witch Fire merged with the contained McCoy Fire 25 which had previously burned 400 acres in the Pine Hills area in eastern San Diego County 26 On November 6 the main portion of the Witch Creek Fire was 100 contained although the Poomacha fire continued to burn near Palomar Mountain for another week 6 On November 13 the Poomacha Fire was fully contained bringing the all the fires completely under control 10 Impacts editBy mid morning on October 22 thousands of evacuees were taking shelter in Qualcomm Stadium and other locations throughout San Diego 27 That afternoon the Marines evacuated some planes from Marine Corps Air Station Miramar to other military bases in California and Arizona 28 The Navy moved all non essential personnel from Naval Base San Diego barracks onto nearby vessels to accommodate refugees 29 The San Diego Wild Animal Park moved some animals to the on site animal hospital for their protection 8 Both undocumented and legal migrant workers were endangered by the crisis sometimes staying at work in the fields within mandatory evacuation zones Many had lived in the canyons nearby and distrusted officials 30 When fleeing the fires some were arrested while others were turned away from shelters due to lack of adequate identification 31 The Witch Creek Fire forced the evacuation of at least 500 000 people from over 346 000 homes in San Diego County 7 32 Evacuation sites in San Diego County included Qualcomm Stadium Escondido High School Mission Hills High School Poway High School Mira Mesa Senior High School and the Del Mar Fairgrounds 8 27 Many major roads were also closed as a result of the fires and smoke On October 22 the California Highway Patrol closed Interstate 15 in both directions between State Routes 78 and 56 8 On October 24 the Ammo Horno Fire forced the closure of Interstate 5 as well as the Amtrak California Surfliner service between Oceanside and San Clemente 22 Traffic from Interstate 5 was being diverted to Interstate 15 which had reopened 23 Air quality and effects on health edit The concentration of particulate matter 10 micrometers and smaller designated PM10 reached unhealthy levels as a result of the fires PM10 particles are small enough to enter deep into the lungs and possibly the bloodstream San Diego city attorney Michael Aguirre citing concerns over weather conditions and air quality urged the city to consider a voluntary evacuation of the entire city 33 nbsp Smoke fills the horizon in East San Diego County October 22 2007 Response edit The Department of Defense contributed twelve engines for firefighting efforts The California National Guard called more than 2 400 troops 34 with 17 000 soldiers on standby 29 Six crews from the Navy s Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron 85 based at Naval Air Station North Island were assigned to battle the Witch Creek fire They flew MH 60 Seahawk helicopters equipped with a 420 gallon water bucket and were the only local Navy teams trained to fight fires from the air Marine Corps Air Station Miramar contributed several aircraft as well as fire fighting trucks to operations based in Ramona 35 One of the larger airtankers the 7 000 gallon Martin Mars was sent through a private contract from its home in Port Alberni British Columbia on October 25 landing on Lake Elsinore in Riverside County California Two other airtankers and their crews from Quebec worked on the fires part of an annual three month contract with the state of California 36 California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger declared a state of emergency in seven California counties where fires burned President George W Bush concurred 37 and visited the region on Thursday October 25 2007 38 Rep Duncan Hunter criticized state fire officials for delaying the use of Marine helicopters until CalFire spotters were in position to coordinate their efforts However California Fire Marshal Kate Dargan said that the Marines and officials at CalFire were following procedures worked out with the military after serious problems with air coordination during the 2003 California wildfires 39 Aftermath editA total of 197 000 acres were burned by the Witch Fire In addition the fire killed two people injured 40 firefighters and destroyed 1 125 homes 6 The Witch Fire is estimated to have at least 1 142 billion equivalent to 1 678 billion in 2023 40 in insured damages alone 41 42 As of 2022 update the Witch Fire is the eighteenth largest wildfire in modern California history 43 as well as the seventh most destructive wildfire on record in California 44 nbsp The remains of a home destroyed by the Witch Creek Fire The California Public Utilities Commission ruled that in the Witch and Guejito fires along with the Rice fire San Diego Gas and Electric had not trimmed back trees as state law requires The power line that caused the Witch fires shorted three times in three hours but the utility did not cut power to it for six hours 45 In August 2017 administrative law judges S Pat Tsen and Sasha Goldberg ruled that the utility did not reasonably manage its facilities and that the wildfires were not outside of its control Therefore they ruled that the utility could not pass its uninsured costs along to its ratepayers The PUC agreed in early December in a 5 0 vote 45 46 Legal claims after the fires totaled 5 6 billion equivalent to 8 2 billion in 2023 40 2 4 billion equivalent to 3 5 billion 40 after the utility settled 2 500 lawsuits for damages 47 The 379 million equivalent to 557 million 40 it had sought to pass along to customers represented uninsured costs 45 See also edit nbsp California portal October 2007 California wildfires Harris Fire Cedar Fire 2003 2005 Labor Day brush fire May 2014 San Diego County wildfires 2016 California wildfires Tubbs Fire December 2017 Southern California wildfires Thomas Fire Lilac Fire List of California wildfiresNotes edit The original Witch Fire perimeter was fully contained on November 6 References edit After Action Report October 2007 Wildfires PDF Air Worldwide Corporation December 2007 Archived from the original PDF on December 12 2017 Retrieved November 11 2017 CAL FIRE 2007 Wildland Fire Summary PDF CalFire September 2011 Archived from the original PDF on December 8 2017 Retrieved December 11 2017 McLean Demian Peter J Brennan October 24 2007 California Fires Rout Almost 1 Million People Kill 5 Update7 Bloomberg Archived from the original on June 29 2011 Top 20 Largest California Wildfires PDF CAL FIRE October 24 2022 Archived PDF from the original on November 2 2023 Retrieved December 9 2023 Top 20 Most Destructive California Wildfires PDF CAL FIRE October 24 2022 Archived PDF from the original on September 5 2023 Retrieved December 9 2023 a b c Witch Fire Incident Information CAL FIRE November 6 2007 Archived from the original on January 15 2019 Retrieved September 12 2020 a b 2007 Witch Creek Guejito Fires San Diego Fire Rescue Department October 2007 Archived from the original on October 24 2007 Retrieved November 12 2017 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link a b c d e Martinez Angelica Gros Greg October 22 2007 Witch fire roars west across Rancho Bernardo and Poway The San Diego Union Tribune Archived from the original on October 24 2007 Retrieved October 22 2007 Martinez Angelica Manolatos Tony October 22 2007 Wildfires seen as eclipsing the Cedar fire of 2003 The San Diego Union Tribune Archived from the original on September 3 2009 Retrieved October 22 2007 a b c d e f g h i j k California Fire Siege 2007 An Overview PDF January 8 2009 Archived from the original PDF on November 19 2018 Retrieved August 21 2015 a b Himchak Elizabeth Marie November 12 2012 Witch Creek fire five years later Recovery preparation efforts continue Archived from the original on November 13 2017 Retrieved November 13 2017 a b Ekard Walker F February 2008 2007 San Diego County Firestorms After Action Report PDF County of San Diego Archived PDF from the original on January 31 2017 Retrieved November 13 2017 Huge Wildfires Merge Continue Pushing West KPBS October 22 2007 Archived from the original on November 27 2020 Retrieved September 11 2020 Voluntary evacuation in place for all of Del Mar The San Diego Union Tribune October 22 2007 Archived from the original on October 24 2007 Retrieved October 22 2007 Mesa Grande Indian reservation was evacuated The San Diego Union Tribune October 22 2007 Archived from the original on October 24 2007 Retrieved October 22 2007 Poomacha Fire Incident Information CAL FIRE November 9 2007 Archived from the original on December 11 2017 Retrieved September 12 2020 Thousands Of Evacuees Return NBC 7 San Diego October 24 2007 Archived from the original on October 25 2007 Retrieved August 16 2023 Dying Winds Aid California Firefighters 10News October 21 2007 Archived from the original on October 24 2007 Retrieved August 15 2023 Mandatory evacuations in Julian The San Diego Union Tribune October 23 2007 Archived from the original on October 26 2007 Retrieved October 23 2007 Anderson Erik October 16 2017 10 Years Ago Firestorms Ravaged San Diego County KPBS Archived from the original on May 16 2018 Retrieved September 30 2018 Witch Creek blaze hits RB hardest October 25 2007 Archived from the original on November 12 2017 Retrieved November 12 2017 a b Camp Pendleton fire spread to 6 000 Acres The San Diego Union Tribune October 24 2007 Archived from the original on October 25 2007 Retrieved October 24 2007 a b Traffic diverting to north I 15 The San Diego Union Tribune October 24 2007 Archived from the original on October 25 2007 Retrieved October 24 2007 a b Witch Fire Threatens To Merge With Poomacha Fire 10News October 24 2007 Archived from the original on November 19 2018 Retrieved September 10 2020 Prather Chip March 28 2008 After Action Report Santiago Fire October 21 November 9 2007 PDF Orange County Fire Authority Archived PDF from the original on November 2 2020 Retrieved September 12 2020 Fire Crews Surround McCoy Fire 10News October 23 2007 Archived from the original on November 15 2013 Retrieved November 7 2017 a b Reza H G Leovy Jill Pham Alex October 24 2007 Scale of the fires disruption on display at San Diego stadium Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on April 4 2013 Retrieved October 24 2007 Miramar evacuating some aircraft The San Diego Union Tribune October 22 2007 Archived from the original on October 24 2007 Retrieved October 22 2007 a b Military helps fight fires while personnel evacuated CNN com October 23 2007 Archived from the original on January 28 2020 Retrieved October 23 2007 Isackson Amy October 25 2007 Fires Highlight Safety Needs of Migrant Workers npr org National Public Radio Archived from the original on October 28 2007 Retrieved October 28 2007 Immigrants Step Out of the Smoke kcbs com KCBS All News Radio 740 AM October 27 2007 Archived from the original on October 29 2007 Retrieved October 28 2007 California Wildfires Trigger Widespread Evacuations Archived 2018 05 26 at the Wayback Machine NPR 2007 10 24 Retrieved on 2007 10 24 Vigil Jennifer October 24 2007 Aguirre wants San Diego evacuated in wake of wildfires The San Diego Union Tribune Archived from the original on October 26 2007 Retrieved October 24 2007 Seipmann Jon October 25 2007 Press Release 10 17 California National Guard State of California Archived from the original on May 9 2009 Retrieved May 12 2009 Six Navy copter crews helping fight wildfires The San Diego Union Tribune October 22 2007 Archived from the original on October 12 2012 Retrieved June 12 2014 Privately owned B C water bomber flying to fight California fires cbc ca CBC News October 23 2007 Archived from the original on July 14 2014 Retrieved June 12 2014 Statement on Federal Disaster Assistance for California Press release The White House October 23 2007 Archived from the original on October 20 2011 Retrieved October 24 2007 Bush promises aid for victims of California fires Associated Press October 23 2007 Archived from the original on February 27 2014 Retrieved October 23 2007 Did the state delay Marine copters The San Diego Union Tribune October 23 2007 Archived from the original on October 26 2007 Retrieved October 23 2007 a b c d 1634 1699 McCusker J J 1997 How Much Is That in Real Money A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States Addenda et Corrigenda PDF American Antiquarian Society 1700 1799 McCusker J J 1992 How Much Is That in Real Money A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States PDF American Antiquarian Society 1800 present Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Consumer Price Index estimate 1800 Retrieved February 29 2024 Fischetti Mark May 27 2011 How Much Do Wildfires Cost in Terms of Property Damage Scientific American Archived from the original on June 27 2014 Retrieved July 30 2014 Roberts Jacob 2015 The Best of Intentions Distillations 1 2 Chemical Heritage Foundation 38 39 Archived from the original on August 23 2023 Retrieved March 23 2018 Top 20 Largest California Wildfires PDF CAL FIRE September 11 2020 Archived from the original PDF on August 26 2020 Retrieved September 12 2020 Top 20 Most Destructive California Wildfires PDF CAL FIRE September 10 2020 Archived from the original PDF on August 30 2020 Retrieved September 10 2020 a b c Baker David R December 1 2017 Customers not liable for utility s legal costs San Francisco Chronicle p C1 Archived from the original on April 20 2019 Retrieved April 20 2019 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Rogers Paul December 1 2017 PUC Utility can t pass fire costs to customers Setting stage for PG amp E claims San Diego power company stockholders liable for 379M The Mercury News Bay Area News Group p A1 Rogers Paul November 30 2017 Wildfires Utility blocked from charging customers for wildfire costs The Mercury News Archived from the original on April 20 2019 Retrieved April 20 2019 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Witch Fire Interagency State BAER Report The Witch Fire Archived November 12 2017 at the Wayback Machine Largest fires in San Diego County history from 10News Southern California s Worst Brush Fires Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Witch Fire amp oldid 1215882608, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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