The Wattled ibis is a medium-sized, dark brown, crested bird, distinguished by the combination of its dark color, its creast and its extensive white wing-patch. It has a relatively short bill, a fairly long tail and a thin wattle hanging from its throat. The basic color of the adult is dark brown. The brown face is feathered with a dusky red bill. The eye is red and surrounded by a white ring.[2] Plumage is glossed dull green; the waddle is small and red,[3] about 20 mm long.[2] Body length is about 65–75 cm.[4]
Range and habitatedit
They may occur all over Ethiopian highlands at altitudes ranging from 1500 m to the highest moorlands at 4100 m. It has also been recorded on the coast of Eritrea. It prefers meadows and highland river courses. It is often found in rocky places and cliffs (where it roosts and breeds), but also in open country, cultivated land, city parks and olive tree (Olea africana) and juniper (Juniperus procera) mixed forests.[5] It has also become well adapted to anthropic landscapes and conditions; it can be seen in green areas and lawns of for example down-town Addis Ababa, year round. The wattled ibis is common to abundant.
General habitsedit
The wattled ibis is a gregarious species, often flocking in groups of 30 to 100, but it also can be seen feeding alone or in pairs. It forages in open grasslands, marshes, open alpine moorlands, croplands and forest glades. When feeding it walks about methodologically, probing the ground regularly. It feeds on worms, insect larvae, and small invertebrates; occasionally frogs, snakes and mice. Sometimes it is seen with herds of domestic animals, searching dung for beetles. It roosts singly or in pairs in trees, in groups on rock cliffs, often at sites of breeding colonies. The wattled ibis is predominantly sedentary, undertaking only local, altitudinal movements.
Breeding habitsedit
The wattled ibis usually nests in small to large colonies on rocky cliffs, over bushes hanging in the walls, but it has also been reported to nest singly on top of trees or ledges of buildings. Few colonies are known above 3000 meters, and those in trees at lower elevations (1800 – 2000 m) in Lake Awasa. In the Bale Mountains there are nesting colonies of 500 or more birds. The nest is a platform of branches and sticks, lined with grass and strips of bark; sometimes at high and cold altitudes, they are located to the east for maximum exposure to morning sun. The wattled ibis breeds from March to July; and occasionally in December, during the dry season. It lays two or three rough shelled eggs which are dirty white in color.
Threatsedit
No reduction in numbers nor any obvious threat have been reported and the species is often seen within bigger cities like Addis Ababa, not much disturbed by human activity. Therefore, it is not considered to be of conservation concern, since the population is rather large.
Referencesedit
^BirdLife International (2016). "Bostrychia carunculata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22697468A93615297. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22697468A93615297.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
^ abHancock, James (2011). Storks, ibises and spoonbills of the world. London: Christopher Helms. p. 197. ISBN9781408134993.
^Redman, Nigel (2011). Birds of the Horn of Africa : Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, and Socotra (2nd ed.). London: Christopher Helm. ISBN9781408125809.
^Matheu, Eloïsa; del Hoyo, Josep; Garcia, Ernest; Boesman, Peter F. D. Wattled Ibis (Bostrychia carunculata).
^Aerts, R.; Lerouge, F.; November, E. (2019). Birds of forests and open woodlands in the highlands of Dogu'a Tembien. In: Nyssen J., Jacob, M., Frankl, A. (Eds.). Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains - The Dogu'a Tembien District. SpringerNature. ISBN978-3-030-04954-6.
Jose Luis Vivero Pol, 2006, A Guide to Endemic Birds of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Shama Books. ISBN1-931253-13-7
May 12, 2024
wattled, ibis, wattled, ibis, bostrychia, carunculata, species, bird, family, threskiornithidae, endemic, ethiopian, highlands, found, only, ethiopia, eritrea, ethiopia, conservation, status, least, concern, iucn, scientific, classification, domain, eukaryota,. The wattled ibis Bostrychia carunculata is a species of bird in the family Threskiornithidae It is endemic to the Ethiopian highlands and is found only in Ethiopia and Eritrea Wattled ibis In Ethiopia Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Pelecaniformes Family Threskiornithidae Genus Bostrychia Species B carunculata Binomial name Bostrychia carunculata Ruppell 1837 Synonyms Ibis carunculata Ruppell 1837 Geronticus carunculatus Ruppell 1837 Contents 1 Description 2 Range and habitat 3 General habits 4 Breeding habits 5 Threats 6 ReferencesDescription editThe Wattled ibis is a medium sized dark brown crested bird distinguished by the combination of its dark color its creast and its extensive white wing patch It has a relatively short bill a fairly long tail and a thin wattle hanging from its throat The basic color of the adult is dark brown The brown face is feathered with a dusky red bill The eye is red and surrounded by a white ring 2 Plumage is glossed dull green the waddle is small and red 3 about 20 mm long 2 Body length is about 65 75 cm 4 Range and habitat editThey may occur all over Ethiopian highlands at altitudes ranging from 1500 m to the highest moorlands at 4100 m It has also been recorded on the coast of Eritrea It prefers meadows and highland river courses It is often found in rocky places and cliffs where it roosts and breeds but also in open country cultivated land city parks and olive tree Olea africana and juniper Juniperus procera mixed forests 5 It has also become well adapted to anthropic landscapes and conditions it can be seen in green areas and lawns of for example down town Addis Ababa year round The wattled ibis is common to abundant General habits editThe wattled ibis is a gregarious species often flocking in groups of 30 to 100 but it also can be seen feeding alone or in pairs It forages in open grasslands marshes open alpine moorlands croplands and forest glades When feeding it walks about methodologically probing the ground regularly It feeds on worms insect larvae and small invertebrates occasionally frogs snakes and mice Sometimes it is seen with herds of domestic animals searching dung for beetles It roosts singly or in pairs in trees in groups on rock cliffs often at sites of breeding colonies The wattled ibis is predominantly sedentary undertaking only local altitudinal movements Breeding habits editThe wattled ibis usually nests in small to large colonies on rocky cliffs over bushes hanging in the walls but it has also been reported to nest singly on top of trees or ledges of buildings Few colonies are known above 3000 meters and those in trees at lower elevations 1800 2000 m in Lake Awasa In the Bale Mountains there are nesting colonies of 500 or more birds The nest is a platform of branches and sticks lined with grass and strips of bark sometimes at high and cold altitudes they are located to the east for maximum exposure to morning sun The wattled ibis breeds from March to July and occasionally in December during the dry season It lays two or three rough shelled eggs which are dirty white in color Threats editNo reduction in numbers nor any obvious threat have been reported and the species is often seen within bigger cities like Addis Ababa not much disturbed by human activity Therefore it is not considered to be of conservation concern since the population is rather large References edit BirdLife International 2016 Bostrychia carunculata IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T22697468A93615297 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T22697468A93615297 en Retrieved 15 November 2021 a b Hancock James 2011 Storks ibises and spoonbills of the world London Christopher Helms p 197 ISBN 9781408134993 Redman Nigel 2011 Birds of the Horn of Africa Ethiopia Eritrea Djibouti Somalia and Socotra 2nd ed London Christopher Helm ISBN 9781408125809 Matheu Eloisa del Hoyo Josep Garcia Ernest Boesman Peter F D Wattled Ibis Bostrychia carunculata Aerts R Lerouge F November E 2019 Birds of forests and open woodlands in the highlands of Dogu a Tembien In Nyssen J Jacob M Frankl A Eds Geo trekking in Ethiopia s Tropical Mountains The Dogu a Tembien District SpringerNature ISBN 978 3 030 04954 6 Jose Luis Vivero Pol 2006 A Guide to Endemic Birds of Ethiopia and Eritrea Shama Books ISBN 1 931253 13 7 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wattled ibis amp oldid 1185120244, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
