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Warna Warta

March 17, 2024

Warna Warta (Malay: "various news", literally "colour news", known in Chinese as 综合新闻 Zònghé xīnwén, "general news") was a Malay language Peranakan Chinese newspaper published in Semarang, Dutch East Indies from 1902 to 1933. Alongside its more popular rival Djawa Tengah, it was highly influential among the Chinese Indonesian population of Semarang during this time.

History edit

Warna Warta was founded in February 1902 with V.W. Doppert as its first editor and with Kwa Wan Hong as its director and administrator.[1] The novelist F. D. J. Pangemanann was also an editor in its early years.[2] Its managing company was called the N. V. Drukkerij en Handel in schrijfbehoeften, or in Chinese Hap Sing Kongsie. In its early years the paper billed itself as the mouthpiece of the Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan, a diasporic Chinese education movement.[2]

Within a year, the paper was already suffering from the legal troubles that it would face during the coming decades. In 1903 one of the paper's journalists, Oh Boen Kwie, was arrested and fled his sentence of a month of chain-gang labour for fraud; he was also accused of printing a slanderous article in the pages of Warna Warta.[3] The charges relating to that article were then filed against the editor, Njoo Goan Sioe; apparently it mentioned that a local official had been arrested for fraud.[4] He was found guilty of defamation and sentenced to a month's imprisonment.[5]

Before long, F. D. J. Pangemanann left the paper to work at Bintang Betawi in Batavia and later for Perniagaan. But his brother J. H. Pangemanann soon joined the paper as a new editor.

J. H. Pangemanann was summoned before the local court in Semarang several times during this era for printing unflattering coverage of local businessmen, first in July 1908 for reporting unfavorably on a local civil engineer,[6] and then in March 1909 for printing a defamatory article about Tio San Hien, an important Chinese businessman from Surakarta. Apparently the article accused Tio of throwing a laving feast during the period of mourning after the death of the Guangxu Emperor the previous November.[7]

In August 1909 it was announced that J. H. Pangemanann had fallen ill and was stepping down, and that editorship fell temporarily to Kwik King Hin and L. J. Mamahit.[8] In September 1909, it was announced that F. D. J. Pangemanann would leave Perniagaan to return to Warna Warta as editor-in-chief.[9] However, he was not in the position long as he died in 1910.

1910s edit

In 1911 the new editor, Phoa Tjoen Hoay, nineteen years old, was given an extremely harsh punishment of six months of forced labour for printing an article questioning the value of Indies Chinese learning the Dutch language before they learned Chinese.[10] For this he was said to have incited the population to hatred and disdain against the Government of the Indies and aroused contempt between the Chinese and Dutch.[11] The sentence was later reduced from chain gang labour to a prison sentence of the same duration.[12] Phoa's brother Phoa Tjoen Hoat was also hired as editor of the paper in 1914.[13]

J.C. Weijde Muller became editor-in-chief after that, but stepped down in March 1919 Weidemuller and Phoa Tjoen Hoaij was temporarily appointed in his place.[14] In June of the same year Tjio Peng Hong (formerly editor-in-chief of Andalas) would take on the role at Warna Warta.[15] However, he apparently did not stay long in the position.

1920s edit

A number of interesting figures worked at the paper in the early 1920s. Kho Tjoen Wan, a close ally of the communist Semaoen, was called to court in 1920 for writing critically about proposals for a native militia in the Indies.[16] It seems that Kho was lead editor for a time but left the paper in January 1922.[17][18] Tjondrokoesoemo, an upper class Javanese journalist, briefly became editor at Warna Warta in 1921 after clashing with his bosses at Djawa Tengah over matters of editorial independence.[19] However, he resigned in 1922 for health reasons.[20] As well, the translator, journalist and historian Liem Thian Joe was editor of Warna Warta for a time during the 1920s as well.[21]

In 1922 some of the paper's editors involved themselves in efforts to create a new union for Chinese journalists in Semarang, the Chineesche journalistenkring. Lauw Kong Hoe, editor-in-chief, was chairman, while Louw Eng Hoey, another editor at the paper, was vie-president.[22] Most of the other positions in on the board of the organization were held by editors from rival Semarang Chinese paper Djawa Tengah.

The paper was prosecuted by the government in a high-profile case in 1925 when the editor-in-chief, Lauw Kong Hoe, was arrested for printing an editorial entitled Apalah jang Pamerentah maoe (Malay: What does the government want) which was deemed to be "hateful".[23] The article was apparently written in response to an possibly false ANETA (wire service) article which said that the government was banning the raising of funds to send to China.[23] While in preventative detention he was handed a statement by a local prosecutor which he was invited to sign, stating that he would not publish such forbidden pieces in the future. He refused, stating that it went against the professional code of journalism to sign such a statement.[24] The tone of Lauw's criticism of the government was deemed to be too harsh and he was reminded in court that he had promised in a past press censorship case to behave himself.[23]

1930s edit

The arrival of the Great Depression in the Indies caused financial difficulties for many newspapers, and Warna Warta was no exception. In 1931, a longtime editor Saroehoem left the board of the paper and left Semarang for his native Tapanuli, citing disagreements with his colleagues.[25] Lauw Kong Hoey also stepped down as editor-in-chief at some point during this time. In early March 1932 the paper attempted to restructure, appointing Tan Boen Soan, formerly of Keng Po as editor-in-chief and Ong Lhee Soeij became the paper's new director.[26] The paper shortened its format and deeply reduced its price, blaming the inability of readers to pay their subscription fees.[27] However, by November of the same year Tan joined the management of the newspaper and Tan Hwa Bouw, who had previously edited both Warna Warta and more recently Siang Po in Batavia, became the new editor-in-chief.[28]

He soon faced more of the legal problems which had hounded his predecessors. The Dutch frowned on the paper's coverage of the conflict between China and Japan, applying a new kind of press offence called persbreidel for the first time against Warna Warta, which forced the paper to briefly cease publication.[29]

Djit Po edit

In March 1933, Warna Warta renamed itself Djit Po; Ong Lee Soei remained as director[30] and Tan Hoa Bouw became editor.[31] It continued publishing as a daily newspaper.[32]

At the end of 1935 it was announced that the former editor Saroehoem was returning to become editor-in-chief of the paper.[33] However, it is unclear how much longer Djit Po continued to publish. There are few mentions of it after 1935 and the National Library of Indonesia only has copies of it from 1933 to 1935.[34]

References edit

  1. ^ "Journalistiek". De locomotief : Samarangsch handels- en advertentie-blad. 1902-03-04.
  2. ^ a b Adam, Ahmat (1995). The vernacular press and the emergence of modern Indonesian consciousness (1855-1913). Ithaca, N.Y.: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University. p. 75. ISBN 9780877277163.
  3. ^ "Gedeserteerd". De Locomotief. 1903-11-14.
  4. ^ "Gemengde Indische Berichten". Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië. 1903-11-16.
  5. ^ "Rechtszaken". De Locomotief. 1910-05-03.
  6. ^ "Bericht". De Locomotief. 1908-07-06.
  7. ^ "Persdelict". Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië. 1909-03-13.
  8. ^ "Journalistiek". Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië. 1909-08-10.
  9. ^ "Journalistiek". De Locomotief. 1909-09-01.
  10. ^ "Zes Maanden Dwangarbeid!". Bataviaasch nieuwsblad. 1911-10-07.
  11. ^ "Een jeudige snoodaard". Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië. 1911-09-16.
  12. ^ "Persdelict". Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië. 1912-07-18.
  13. ^ Salmon, Claudine (1981). Literature in Malay by the Chinese of Indonesia : a provisional annotated bibliography. Paris: Editions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme. p. 291. ISBN 9780835705929.
  14. ^ "Journalistiek". Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië. 1919-03-19.
  15. ^ "Journalistiek". De Sumatra Post. 1919-06-13.
  16. ^ "Drukpers-delicten". De Preanger-bode. 1920-09-02.
  17. ^ "Journalistiek". Djawa Tengah (in Malay). Semarang. 16 December 1921. p. 6.
  18. ^ "Journalistiek". Djawa Tengah (in Malay). Semarang. 3 January 1922. p. 6.
  19. ^ "Overzicht der Inlandsche Beweging". De Preanger-bode. 1921-03-01.
  20. ^ "Journalistiek". De Expres. 1922-01-07.
  21. ^ Salmon, Claudine (1981). Literature in Malay by the Chinese of Indonesia : a provisional annotated bibliography. Paris: Editions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme. p. 245. ISBN 9780835705929.
  22. ^ "De Chineesche journalistenkring". De Sumatra Post. 1922-08-29.
  23. ^ a b c "Rechtszaken". Algemeen handelsblad voor Nederlandsch-Indië. 1925-09-21.
  24. ^ "DE „WARNA WARTA"-ZAAK. Een eigenaardig verzoek". De Indische courant. 1925-07-27.
  25. ^ "Midden-Java-Bladen". Overzicht van de Inlandsche en Maleisisch-Chineesche pers. 44: 201. 1931-01-29.
  26. ^ "Journalistiek". Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië. 1932-03-04.
  27. ^ "De Java-Pers". Overzicht van de Inlandsche en Maleisisch-Chineesche pers. 24: 370. 1932-06-18.
  28. ^ "De Java-Pers". Overzicht van de Inlandsche en Maleisisch-Chineesche pers. 47: 345. 1932-11-26.
  29. ^ Yamamoto, Nobuto (2019). Censorship in colonial Indonesia, 1901-1942. Leiden: Brill. pp. 185–6. ISBN 9789004362543.
  30. ^ "Dagbladbedrijf". Algemeen handelsblad voor Nederlandsch-Indië. 1933-03-03.
  31. ^ "Chineesch-Maleische Bladen". Overzicht van de Inlandsche en Maleisisch-Chineesche pers. 52: 11. 1933-12-30.
  32. ^ "Chineesch-Maleische Bladen". Overzicht van de Inlandsche en Maleisisch-Chineesche pers. 9: 12. 1934-03-03.
  33. ^ "Journalistiek". De Locomotief. 1935-12-19.
  34. ^ "Djit Po 1933-1935". onesearch.id. Retrieved 10 October 2020.

March 17, 2024
warna, warta, malay, various, news, literally, colour, news, known, chinese, 综合新闻, zònghé, xīnwén, general, news, malay, language, peranakan, chinese, newspaper, published, semarang, dutch, east, indies, from, 1902, 1933, alongside, more, popular, rival, djawa. Warna Warta Malay various news literally colour news known in Chinese as 综合新闻 Zonghe xinwen general news was a Malay language Peranakan Chinese newspaper published in Semarang Dutch East Indies from 1902 to 1933 Alongside its more popular rival Djawa Tengah it was highly influential among the Chinese Indonesian population of Semarang during this time Contents 1 History 1 1 1910s 1 2 1920s 1 3 1930s 1 4 Djit Po 2 ReferencesHistory editWarna Warta was founded in February 1902 with V W Doppert as its first editor and with Kwa Wan Hong as its director and administrator 1 The novelist F D J Pangemanann was also an editor in its early years 2 Its managing company was called the N V Drukkerij en Handel in schrijfbehoeften or in Chinese Hap Sing Kongsie In its early years the paper billed itself as the mouthpiece of the Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan a diasporic Chinese education movement 2 Within a year the paper was already suffering from the legal troubles that it would face during the coming decades In 1903 one of the paper s journalists Oh Boen Kwie was arrested and fled his sentence of a month of chain gang labour for fraud he was also accused of printing a slanderous article in the pages of Warna Warta 3 The charges relating to that article were then filed against the editor Njoo Goan Sioe apparently it mentioned that a local official had been arrested for fraud 4 He was found guilty of defamation and sentenced to a month s imprisonment 5 Before long F D J Pangemanann left the paper to work at Bintang Betawi in Batavia and later for Perniagaan But his brother J H Pangemanann soon joined the paper as a new editor J H Pangemanann was summoned before the local court in Semarang several times during this era for printing unflattering coverage of local businessmen first in July 1908 for reporting unfavorably on a local civil engineer 6 and then in March 1909 for printing a defamatory article about Tio San Hien an important Chinese businessman from Surakarta Apparently the article accused Tio of throwing a laving feast during the period of mourning after the death of the Guangxu Emperor the previous November 7 In August 1909 it was announced that J H Pangemanann had fallen ill and was stepping down and that editorship fell temporarily to Kwik King Hin and L J Mamahit 8 In September 1909 it was announced that F D J Pangemanann would leave Perniagaan to return to Warna Warta as editor in chief 9 However he was not in the position long as he died in 1910 1910s edit In 1911 the new editor Phoa Tjoen Hoay nineteen years old was given an extremely harsh punishment of six months of forced labour for printing an article questioning the value of Indies Chinese learning the Dutch language before they learned Chinese 10 For this he was said to have incited the population to hatred and disdain against the Government of the Indies and aroused contempt between the Chinese and Dutch 11 The sentence was later reduced from chain gang labour to a prison sentence of the same duration 12 Phoa s brother Phoa Tjoen Hoat was also hired as editor of the paper in 1914 13 J C Weijde Muller became editor in chief after that but stepped down in March 1919 Weidemuller and Phoa Tjoen Hoaij was temporarily appointed in his place 14 In June of the same year Tjio Peng Hong formerly editor in chief of Andalas would take on the role at Warna Warta 15 However he apparently did not stay long in the position 1920s edit A number of interesting figures worked at the paper in the early 1920s Kho Tjoen Wan a close ally of the communist Semaoen was called to court in 1920 for writing critically about proposals for a native militia in the Indies 16 It seems that Kho was lead editor for a time but left the paper in January 1922 17 18 Tjondrokoesoemo an upper class Javanese journalist briefly became editor at Warna Warta in 1921 after clashing with his bosses at Djawa Tengah over matters of editorial independence 19 However he resigned in 1922 for health reasons 20 As well the translator journalist and historian Liem Thian Joe was editor of Warna Warta for a time during the 1920s as well 21 In 1922 some of the paper s editors involved themselves in efforts to create a new union for Chinese journalists in Semarang the Chineesche journalistenkring Lauw Kong Hoe editor in chief was chairman while Louw Eng Hoey another editor at the paper was vie president 22 Most of the other positions in on the board of the organization were held by editors from rival Semarang Chinese paper Djawa Tengah The paper was prosecuted by the government in a high profile case in 1925 when the editor in chief Lauw Kong Hoe was arrested for printing an editorial entitled Apalah jang Pamerentah maoe Malay What does the government want which was deemed to be hateful 23 The article was apparently written in response to an possibly false ANETA wire service article which said that the government was banning the raising of funds to send to China 23 While in preventative detention he was handed a statement by a local prosecutor which he was invited to sign stating that he would not publish such forbidden pieces in the future He refused stating that it went against the professional code of journalism to sign such a statement 24 The tone of Lauw s criticism of the government was deemed to be too harsh and he was reminded in court that he had promised in a past press censorship case to behave himself 23 1930s edit The arrival of the Great Depression in the Indies caused financial difficulties for many newspapers and Warna Warta was no exception In 1931 a longtime editor Saroehoem left the board of the paper and left Semarang for his native Tapanuli citing disagreements with his colleagues 25 Lauw Kong Hoey also stepped down as editor in chief at some point during this time In early March 1932 the paper attempted to restructure appointing Tan Boen Soan formerly of Keng Po as editor in chief and Ong Lhee Soeij became the paper s new director 26 The paper shortened its format and deeply reduced its price blaming the inability of readers to pay their subscription fees 27 However by November of the same year Tan joined the management of the newspaper and Tan Hwa Bouw who had previously edited both Warna Warta and more recently Siang Po in Batavia became the new editor in chief 28 He soon faced more of the legal problems which had hounded his predecessors The Dutch frowned on the paper s coverage of the conflict between China and Japan applying a new kind of press offence called persbreidel for the first time against Warna Warta which forced the paper to briefly cease publication 29 Djit Po edit In March 1933 Warna Warta renamed itself Djit Po Ong Lee Soei remained as director 30 and Tan Hoa Bouw became editor 31 It continued publishing as a daily newspaper 32 At the end of 1935 it was announced that the former editor Saroehoem was returning to become editor in chief of the paper 33 However it is unclear how much longer Djit Po continued to publish There are few mentions of it after 1935 and the National Library of Indonesia only has copies of it from 1933 to 1935 34 References edit Journalistiek De locomotief Samarangsch handels en advertentie blad 1902 03 04 a b Adam Ahmat 1995 The vernacular press and the emergence of modern Indonesian consciousness 1855 1913 Ithaca N Y Southeast Asia Program Cornell University p 75 ISBN 9780877277163 Gedeserteerd De Locomotief 1903 11 14 Gemengde Indische Berichten Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch Indie 1903 11 16 Rechtszaken De Locomotief 1910 05 03 Bericht De Locomotief 1908 07 06 Persdelict Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch Indie 1909 03 13 Journalistiek Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch Indie 1909 08 10 Journalistiek De Locomotief 1909 09 01 Zes Maanden Dwangarbeid Bataviaasch nieuwsblad 1911 10 07 Een jeudige snoodaard Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch Indie 1911 09 16 Persdelict Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch Indie 1912 07 18 Salmon Claudine 1981 Literature in Malay by the Chinese of Indonesia a provisional annotated bibliography Paris Editions de la Maison des sciences de l homme p 291 ISBN 9780835705929 Journalistiek Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch Indie 1919 03 19 Journalistiek De Sumatra Post 1919 06 13 Drukpers delicten De Preanger bode 1920 09 02 Journalistiek Djawa Tengah in Malay Semarang 16 December 1921 p 6 Journalistiek Djawa Tengah in Malay Semarang 3 January 1922 p 6 Overzicht der Inlandsche Beweging De Preanger bode 1921 03 01 Journalistiek De Expres 1922 01 07 Salmon Claudine 1981 Literature in Malay by the Chinese of Indonesia a provisional annotated bibliography Paris Editions de la Maison des sciences de l homme p 245 ISBN 9780835705929 De Chineesche journalistenkring De Sumatra Post 1922 08 29 a b c Rechtszaken Algemeen handelsblad voor Nederlandsch Indie 1925 09 21 DE WARNA WARTA ZAAK Een eigenaardig verzoek De Indische courant 1925 07 27 Midden Java Bladen Overzicht van de Inlandsche en Maleisisch Chineesche pers 44 201 1931 01 29 Journalistiek Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch Indie 1932 03 04 De Java Pers Overzicht van de Inlandsche en Maleisisch Chineesche pers 24 370 1932 06 18 De Java Pers Overzicht van de Inlandsche en Maleisisch Chineesche pers 47 345 1932 11 26 Yamamoto Nobuto 2019 Censorship in colonial Indonesia 1901 1942 Leiden Brill pp 185 6 ISBN 9789004362543 Dagbladbedrijf Algemeen handelsblad voor Nederlandsch Indie 1933 03 03 Chineesch Maleische Bladen Overzicht van de Inlandsche en Maleisisch Chineesche pers 52 11 1933 12 30 Chineesch Maleische Bladen Overzicht van de Inlandsche en Maleisisch Chineesche pers 9 12 1934 03 03 Journalistiek De Locomotief 1935 12 19 Djit Po 1933 1935 onesearch id Retrieved 10 October 2020 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Warna Warta amp oldid 1211017072, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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