The Warmians, along with the other Prussians, were conquered by the Teutonic Knights, a crusading military order under direct command of the pope. The Knights conquered the Prussians and converted them to Christianity. Many cities and towns were built and the population increased by bringing in colonists from Germany and Poland, as well as other countries of Europe. The Prussians were eventually assimilated by the colonists and the Old Prussian language became extinct by the end of the 17th century or beginning of the 18th century.[2]
Historyedit
Soon after the Christianization of Poland, centuries of Polish attempts at conquest of the native Prussians began in 997 AD. The preferred method was to try to convert the still heathen Prussians to Christianity, and thereby also acquire their land. A number of crusades followed, called by Konrad of Masovia, as well as attacks on Prussian land of the Yotvingians, which later became Polish Podlasie, and of the Sudovians and Galindians. To speed up and enforce this pressure on Prussians, Duke Konrad, who had already called for crusade in 1209, then called in the Teutonic Order.
After arriving to Chełmno Land in 1230, the Teutonic Knights proceeded to conquer the pagan Prussians and convert them to Christianity. The Warmians, together with the Bartians and the Natangians, were conquered between 1238 and 1241.[3] During one of the first Teutonic raids into Warmia, the Knights destroyed Honeda, a Warmian castle, and built Balga, their own brick fortress.[4] Using their tested tactics, the Knights used Balga as a base for further expansion. The stronghold was one of five castles that did not fall during the First Prussian Uprising[5] which broke out in 1242 and ended in 1249 with the signing of the Treaty of Christburg. The Knights also built the Braunsberg (Braniewo) and Heilsberg (Lidzbark Warmiński) castles.
After a crushing defeat of the Teutonic Knights in the Battle of Durbe in 1260, the Prussians rebelled again. The Great Prussian Uprising lasted for fourteen years. Warmians appointed Glappo as their leader and joined the uprising. During the early stage of the uprising, Glappo and his men successfully captured Braunsberg, but failed to capture Balga. In 1266, the rulers of Brandenburg arrived in Prussia and built a castle on the border of Warmian and Natangian lands between Balga and Königsberg. Named Brandenburg (now Ushakovo), the castle withstood Prussian attacks. Glappo was captured and hanged when he tried to recapture the fortress in 1273.[6] The uprising ended a year later, and it was the last time the Warmians rebelled. Afterwards they were slowly assimilated by the Germans and Poles. In 1454, the region was incorporated by King Casimir IV Jagiellon to the Kingdom of Poland, with the cities and nobility of Warmia siding with Poland, and the Prince-Bishops of Warmia following suit in 1464.[7] Poles settled in greater numbers after the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), in which the Teutonic Knights renounced any claims to the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia, and recognized it as part of Poland.[8]
Etymologyedit
Several theories exist about the origin of the word Warmia:
It might be derived from Prussian word wormyan (English: red);
It might stem from Lithuanian word varmas (English: mosquito). In such a case it might have cultic background as worms are associated with fertility;[9]
Folk etymology has it that Warmia is named after the legendary Prussian chief Warmo. Ermland, name used by Germans, is said to derive from his widow Erma.
Referencesedit
^Simas Sužiedėlis, ed. (1970–1978). "Prussians". Encyclopedia Lituanica. Vol. IV. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. p. 367. LCCN 74-114275.
^Sabaliauskas, Algirdas (2002). Mes baltai (in Lithuanian) (2nd ed.). Gimtasis žodis. pp. 73–74. ISBN9955-512-17-2.
^Kulikauskas, Gediminas (2002). . Gimtoji istorija. Nuo 7 iki 12 klasės (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Elektroninės leidybos namai. ISBN9986-9216-9-4. Archived from the original on 2008-03-03. Retrieved 2007-07-09.
^Simas Sužiedėlis, ed. (1970–1978). "Varmė". Encyclopedia Lituanica. Vol. VI. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. p. 60. LCCN 74-114275.
^Urban, William (2000). The Prussian Crusade (2nd ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. pp. 198–199. ISBN0-929700-28-7.
^Bojtár, Endre (1999). Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People. CEU Press. p. 156. ISBN963-9116-42-4.
November 27, 2023
warmians, confused, with, warmiacy, also, warmi, were, prussian, tribe, that, lived, warmia, polish, warmia, latin, varmia, german, ermland, lithuanian, varmė, territory, which, mostly, forms, part, warmian, masurian, voivodeship, poland, with, small, northern. Not to be confused with Warmiacy Warmians also Warmi were a Prussian tribe that lived in Warmia Polish Warmia Latin Varmia German Ermland Lithuanian Varme a territory which now mostly forms part of the Warmian Masurian Voivodeship in Poland with a small northern portion located in neighbouring Russia It was situated between the Vistula Lagoon Lyna and Pasleka Rivers 1 WarmiansWarmians and other Prussian clans during the 13th centuryTotal populationExtinct in 17th 18th centuryRegions with significant populationsLanguagesOld Prussian later also Polish and GermanReligionPrussian mythology Paganism Related ethnic groupsOther Prussians and BaltsThe Warmians along with the other Prussians were conquered by the Teutonic Knights a crusading military order under direct command of the pope The Knights conquered the Prussians and converted them to Christianity Many cities and towns were built and the population increased by bringing in colonists from Germany and Poland as well as other countries of Europe The Prussians were eventually assimilated by the colonists and the Old Prussian language became extinct by the end of the 17th century or beginning of the 18th century 2 History editSoon after the Christianization of Poland centuries of Polish attempts at conquest of the native Prussians began in 997 AD The preferred method was to try to convert the still heathen Prussians to Christianity and thereby also acquire their land A number of crusades followed called by Konrad of Masovia as well as attacks on Prussian land of the Yotvingians which later became Polish Podlasie and of the Sudovians and Galindians To speed up and enforce this pressure on Prussians Duke Konrad who had already called for crusade in 1209 then called in the Teutonic Order After arriving to Chelmno Land in 1230 the Teutonic Knights proceeded to conquer the pagan Prussians and convert them to Christianity The Warmians together with the Bartians and the Natangians were conquered between 1238 and 1241 3 During one of the first Teutonic raids into Warmia the Knights destroyed Honeda a Warmian castle and built Balga their own brick fortress 4 Using their tested tactics the Knights used Balga as a base for further expansion The stronghold was one of five castles that did not fall during the First Prussian Uprising 5 which broke out in 1242 and ended in 1249 with the signing of the Treaty of Christburg The Knights also built the Braunsberg Braniewo and Heilsberg Lidzbark Warminski castles After a crushing defeat of the Teutonic Knights in the Battle of Durbe in 1260 the Prussians rebelled again The Great Prussian Uprising lasted for fourteen years Warmians appointed Glappo as their leader and joined the uprising During the early stage of the uprising Glappo and his men successfully captured Braunsberg but failed to capture Balga In 1266 the rulers of Brandenburg arrived in Prussia and built a castle on the border of Warmian and Natangian lands between Balga and Konigsberg Named Brandenburg now Ushakovo the castle withstood Prussian attacks Glappo was captured and hanged when he tried to recapture the fortress in 1273 6 The uprising ended a year later and it was the last time the Warmians rebelled Afterwards they were slowly assimilated by the Germans and Poles In 1454 the region was incorporated by King Casimir IV Jagiellon to the Kingdom of Poland with the cities and nobility of Warmia siding with Poland and the Prince Bishops of Warmia following suit in 1464 7 Poles settled in greater numbers after the Second Peace of Thorn 1466 in which the Teutonic Knights renounced any claims to the Prince Bishopric of Warmia and recognized it as part of Poland 8 Etymology editSeveral theories exist about the origin of the word Warmia It might be derived from Prussian word wormyan English red It might stem from Lithuanian word varmas English mosquito In such a case it might have cultic background as worms are associated with fertility 9 Folk etymology has it that Warmia is named after the legendary Prussian chief Warmo Ermland name used by Germans is said to derive from his widow Erma References edit Simas Suziedelis ed 1970 1978 Prussians Encyclopedia Lituanica Vol IV Boston Massachusetts Juozas Kapocius p 367 LCCN 74 114275 Sabaliauskas Algirdas 2002 Mes baltai in Lithuanian 2nd ed Gimtasis zodis pp 73 74 ISBN 9955 512 17 2 Kulikauskas Gediminas 2002 Ordinu raida XIII XIV amziuose Gimtoji istorija Nuo 7 iki 12 klases in Lithuanian Vilnius Elektronines leidybos namai ISBN 9986 9216 9 4 Archived from the original on 2008 03 03 Retrieved 2007 07 09 Simas Suziedelis ed 1970 1978 Varme Encyclopedia Lituanica Vol VI Boston Massachusetts Juozas Kapocius p 60 LCCN 74 114275 Urban William 2000 The Prussian Crusade 2nd ed Chicago Illinois Lithuanian Research and Studies Center pp 198 199 ISBN 0 929700 28 7 Urban William The Prussian Crusade 331 332 Gorski Karol 1949 Zwiazek Pruski i poddanie sie Prus Polsce zbior tekstow zrodlowych in Polish Poznan Instytut Zachodni pp LXXXII 54 Gorski pp 99 217 Bojtar Endre 1999 Foreword to the Past A Cultural History of the Baltic People CEU Press p 156 ISBN 963 9116 42 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Warmians amp oldid 1138391526, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
