Wang Ruofei (11 October 1896 – 8 April 1946) was a high-ranking member of the Chinese Communist Party. He studied in France in the 1920s, where he joined the Communist Party, was trained in the Soviet Union, served five years in prison on his return to China, and was killed along with several other high officials in a plane crash in 1946.
Wang was born into a landlord family in the poverty stricken province of Guizhou, where he was raised by his uncle, Huang Qisheng. He studied for a little over a year at Waseda University in Japan, though he spent more time in independent study than in class. He and his uncle then went to France in 1919 as students on the Diligent-Work Frugal Study program, by chance on the same ship as Cai Hesen, Cai Chang, and Xiang Jingyu.[1]
His early experience in France was highly favorable. On a spring day in 1920 he wrote in his diary:
"In the morning I went to the park to read.... The small children follow the grown-ups, dancing and singing; they are sublimely happy, taking the miseries of the world and abandoning them to the clouds... I sit on a stone bench, quietly appreciating the beautiful scenery. Is this not heaven!"[2]
He even professed to enjoy working in a French factory as a chance to learn practical skills and learn from the factory environment as a "natural sociology class." Yet he also worried that making money for others did nothing for his self-improvement. He was indignant over the bad treatment of African workers in the factory and the laziness of the French workers and appalled at their habits of smoking and drinking.[3]
In 1921, the Work-Study students in France were mobilized to protest the impending cut-off of their government subsidies and the fact that they would not be allowed to enroll in the newly established Sino-French Institute at Lyons. Wang sided with Zhao Shiyan and Li Lisan, who would also go on to become high CCP leaders, in organizing protests which quickly escalated into riots. Many of the protest leaders were expelled from France, and the split within the Work-Study students created a radicalized faction which Wang joined.[4] Wang then helped to organize the Socialist Youth League, a group which was reorganized into the European branch of the newly founded Chinese Communist Party. In 1922, he joined the French Communist Party.[1]
Career in the Chinese Communist Partyedit
In the spring of 1923 Wang was one of a group of twelve to travel to Moscow. After several years of study at the University of the Toilers of the East, he came back to China in 1925 and was elected to the Central Committee of the CCP in 1927. He was active in the party in Shanghai under Chen Duxiu, but because of his opposition to the party leadership he was not reelected.[1] On his return to the Soviet Union he took the pseudonym Ivan Nemtsov, and in 1929 was accused of being a supporter of Leon Trotsky, Stalin's rival, and sent to work in a factory.[5]
Wang Ruofei's former home in Anshun
After this three-year sojourn in the Soviet Union he returned to first join Mao in Jiangxi, then do work in Inner Mongolia, where he was arrested and transferred to Taiyuan, Shanxi. In prison Wang was viewed as a leader by other political prisoners. He was released into a form of house arrest after negotiations by Bo Yibo at the start of the Second United Front in 1937. He played a number of roles in land reform and propaganda during the war as well as serving as deputy chief-of-staff for the People's Liberation Army. In 1945, he was elected once more to the Central Committee. When the war ended in 1945, Wang accompanied Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai to take part in negotiations with the Nationalists in Chongqing. He was killed in 1946 along with CCP leaders Bo Gu, Deng Fa, and Ye Ting, and his uncle Huang Qisheng, when their plane from Chongqing to Yan'an crashed.[1]
Levine, Marilyn Avra (1993). The Found Generation: Chinese Communists in Europe During the Twenties. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN0295972408.
Klein, Donald W. and Anne B. Clark (1971). "Wang Jo-fei". Biographic Dictionary of Chinese Communism 1921–1965. Vol 2. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. 911–914. ISBN0674074106.
Pantsov, Alexander (2000). The Bolsheviks and the Chinese Revolution, 1919–1927. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN0824823192.
wang, ruofei, this, chinese, name, family, name, wang, october, 1896, april, 1946, high, ranking, member, chinese, communist, party, studied, france, 1920s, where, joined, communist, party, trained, soviet, union, served, five, years, prison, return, china, ki. In this Chinese name the family name is Wang Wang Ruofei 11 October 1896 8 April 1946 was a high ranking member of the Chinese Communist Party He studied in France in the 1920s where he joined the Communist Party was trained in the Soviet Union served five years in prison on his return to China and was killed along with several other high officials in a plane crash in 1946 Wang RuofeiWang RuofeiBornWang Yunsheng11 October 1896Anshun Guizhou ChinaDied8 April 1946 1946 04 08 aged 49 Shaanxi ChinaOther namesIvan NemtsovOccupationChinese Communist leaderChinese nameTraditional Chinese王若飛Simplified Chinese王若飞TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinWang RuofeiWade GilesWang Jo fei Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career in the Chinese Communist Party 3 References 3 1 Citations 3 2 Sources 4 External linksEarly life and education editWang was born into a landlord family in the poverty stricken province of Guizhou where he was raised by his uncle Huang Qisheng He studied for a little over a year at Waseda University in Japan though he spent more time in independent study than in class He and his uncle then went to France in 1919 as students on the Diligent Work Frugal Study program by chance on the same ship as Cai Hesen Cai Chang and Xiang Jingyu 1 His early experience in France was highly favorable On a spring day in 1920 he wrote in his diary In the morning I went to the park to read The small children follow the grown ups dancing and singing they are sublimely happy taking the miseries of the world and abandoning them to the clouds I sit on a stone bench quietly appreciating the beautiful scenery Is this not heaven 2 He even professed to enjoy working in a French factory as a chance to learn practical skills and learn from the factory environment as a natural sociology class Yet he also worried that making money for others did nothing for his self improvement He was indignant over the bad treatment of African workers in the factory and the laziness of the French workers and appalled at their habits of smoking and drinking 3 In 1921 the Work Study students in France were mobilized to protest the impending cut off of their government subsidies and the fact that they would not be allowed to enroll in the newly established Sino French Institute at Lyons Wang sided with Zhao Shiyan and Li Lisan who would also go on to become high CCP leaders in organizing protests which quickly escalated into riots Many of the protest leaders were expelled from France and the split within the Work Study students created a radicalized faction which Wang joined 4 Wang then helped to organize the Socialist Youth League a group which was reorganized into the European branch of the newly founded Chinese Communist Party In 1922 he joined the French Communist Party 1 Career in the Chinese Communist Party editIn the spring of 1923 Wang was one of a group of twelve to travel to Moscow After several years of study at the University of the Toilers of the East he came back to China in 1925 and was elected to the Central Committee of the CCP in 1927 He was active in the party in Shanghai under Chen Duxiu but because of his opposition to the party leadership he was not reelected 1 On his return to the Soviet Union he took the pseudonym Ivan Nemtsov and in 1929 was accused of being a supporter of Leon Trotsky Stalin s rival and sent to work in a factory 5 nbsp Wang Ruofei s former home in Anshun After this three year sojourn in the Soviet Union he returned to first join Mao in Jiangxi then do work in Inner Mongolia where he was arrested and transferred to Taiyuan Shanxi In prison Wang was viewed as a leader by other political prisoners He was released into a form of house arrest after negotiations by Bo Yibo at the start of the Second United Front in 1937 He played a number of roles in land reform and propaganda during the war as well as serving as deputy chief of staff for the People s Liberation Army In 1945 he was elected once more to the Central Committee When the war ended in 1945 Wang accompanied Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai to take part in negotiations with the Nationalists in Chongqing He was killed in 1946 along with CCP leaders Bo Gu Deng Fa and Ye Ting and his uncle Huang Qisheng when their plane from Chongqing to Yan an crashed 1 References editCitations edit a b c d Klein 1971 pp 911 914 Levine 1993 p 3 Levine 1993 pp 82 83 Levine 1993 p 111 Pantsov 2000 pp 168 296 Sources edit Books 杨植霖 Yang Zhilin 薄一波 Bo Yibo and 乔明甫 Qiao Mingfu 王若飛在獄中 Wang Ruofei in Prison Beijing China Youth Publishing House Xinhua Bookstore 1961 Levine Marilyn Avra 1993 The Found Generation Chinese Communists in Europe During the Twenties Seattle University of Washington Press ISBN 0295972408 Klein Donald W and Anne B Clark 1971 Wang Jo fei Biographic Dictionary of Chinese Communism 1921 1965 Vol 2 Cambridge Mass Harvard University Press pp 911 914 ISBN 0674074106 Pantsov Alexander 2000 The Bolsheviks and the Chinese Revolution 1919 1927 Honolulu University of Hawaii Press ISBN 0824823192 External links edit nbsp China portal nbsp Biography portal Former Residence of Wang Ruofei Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wang Ruofei amp oldid 1138076744, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
