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Vladislav Surkov

March 04, 2023

In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming conventions, the patronymic is Yuryevich and the family name is Surkov.

Vladislav Yuryevich Surkov (Russian: Владислав Юрьевич Сурков; born 21 September 1962[1] or 1964[2]) is a Russian politician and businessman. He was First Deputy Chief of the Russian Presidential Administration from 1999 to 2011, during which time he was often viewed as the main ideologist of the Kremlin who proposed and implemented the concept of sovereign democracy in Russia. From December 2011 until May 2013, Surkov served as the Russian Federation's Deputy Prime Minister.[3][4] After his resignation, Surkov returned to the Presidential Executive Office and became a personal adviser of Vladimir Putin on relationships with Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Ukraine.[5] He was removed from this duty by presidential order in February 2020.[6]

Vladislav Surkov
Владислав Сурков
Surkov in May 2012
Assistant to the President of the Russian Federation
In office
20 September 2013 – 18 February 2020
PresidentVladimir Putin
Deputy Prime Minister of Russia — Head of the Government Executive Office
In office
21 May 2012 – 8 May 2013
Prime MinisterDmitry Medvedev
Preceded byVyacheslav Volodin
Succeeded bySergey Prikhodko
Deputy Prime Minister of Russia
In office
27 December 2011 – 21 May 2012
Prime Minister
First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia
In office
15 May 2008 – 27 December 2011
PresidentDmitry Medvedev
Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia
In office
3 August 1999 – 12 May 2008
President
Personal details
Born21 September 1962/64
(age 58 or 60)
Russian SFSR, Soviet Union[a]
Political partyUnited Russia
Spouses
  • Yulia Vishnevskaya
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1987; div. 1996)​
  • Natalya Dubovitskaya
    ​
    ​
    (m. 2004)​
Children4
Alma materInternational University in Moscow
Signature

Surkov is perceived by many to be a key figure with much power and influence in the administration of Vladimir Putin.[7][8][9] According to The Moscow Times, this perception is not dependent on the official title Surkov might hold at any one time in the Putin government.[10] BBC documentary filmmaker Adam Curtis credits Surkov's blend of theater and politics with keeping Putin, and Putin's chosen successors, in power since 2000.[11]

Journalists in Russia and abroad have speculated that Surkov writes under the pseudonym Nathan Dubovitsky, although the Kremlin denies it.[12][13][14][15]

Early years

According to Surkov's official biography and birth certificate, he was born 21 September 1964 in Solntsevo, Lipetsk Oblast, Russian SFSR.[16][17][18] As per other statements, he was born in 1962 in Shali, Checheno-Ingush ASSR.[19][1] His birth name is sometimes reported to be Aslambek Dudayev.[20][21] His parents, the ethnic Russian Zinaida Antonovna Surkova (born 1935) and the ethnic Chechen Yuriy ("Andarbek") Danil'bekovich Dudayev (1942–2014), were school teachers in Duba-yurt, Checheno-Ingush ASSR.[19][22]

Following the separation of his parents, his mother moved to Lipetsk and he was baptized into Eastern Orthodox Christianity.[23] In an interview published in June 2005 in the German magazine Der Spiegel, Surkov stated that his father was ethnic Chechen and that he spent the first five years of his life in Chechnya,[24] in Duba-yurt and Grozny.[9][25] Surkov has claimed to be a relative of Dzhokhar Dudayev, the first president of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.[26]

From 1982 to 1983, Surkov attended MISiS, but did not graduate from it. From 1983 to 1985, Surkov served in a Soviet artillery regiment in Hungary, according to his official biography.[27] However, former defence minister Sergei Ivanov stated in a 2006 TV interview that Surkov served in the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff (GRU) during the same time period.[28]

After his military training, Surkov was accepted[when?] to Moscow Institute of Culture for a five-year program in theater direction, but spent only three years there.[29] Surkov graduated from Moscow International University with a master's degree in economics in the late 1990s.[29]

Business career (1988–1998)

In the late 1980s, when the government lifted the ban against private businesses, Surkov started out in business. In 1987, he became head of the advertising department of Mikhail Khodorkovsky's businesses. From 1991 to April 1996, he held key managerial positions in advertising and PR departments of Khodorkovsky's Bank Menatep. From March 1996 to February 1997, he was at Rosprom, and since February 1997 with Mikhail Fridman's Alfa-Bank.[29][30] At Alfa-Bank, he worked closely with Oleg Markovich Govorun (Russian: Олег Маркович Говорун; born 15 January 1969 Bratsk, USSR) who carried black cash directly to Putin.[31][32]

In September 2004, Surkov was elected president of the board of directors of the oil products transportation company Transnefteproduct, but was instructed by Russia's prime minister Mikhail Fradkov to give up the position in February 2006.[33]

Political career (1999–2020)

Deputy Chief of the Russian Presidential Administration 1999–2011

After a brief career as a director for public relations on the Russian television ORT channel from 1998 to 1999, Surkov was appointed Deputy Chief of Staff of the President of the Russian Federation in 1999.[13]

During the beginning of his time in this role, Surkov's main appearances in public and in international media were as a public relations mouthpiece of the Kremlin. In August 2000, he confirmed that Gazprom would buy Vladimir Gusinsky's Media-Most, which at the time owned the only independent, nationwide Russian television channel, NTV.[34] In September 2002, he stated on behalf of the Kremlin that they had decided not to return the statue of KGB founder Felix Dzerzhinsky that had been torn down during the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.[35] After the 2003 Russian Duma elections, when the president's United Russia party got the most seats at 37.6%, Surkov delivered the Kremlin's enthusiastic response, saying "We are living in a new Russia now."[36]

In March 2004, he was additionally appointed as aide to the president.[37]

Since 2006, Surkov has advocated a political doctrine he has called sovereign democracy, to counter democracy promotion conducted by the US and European states.[38] Judged by some Western media as controversial, this view has not generally been shared by Russian media and the Russian political elite.[39] Surkov sees this concept as a national version of the common political language that will be used when Russia talks to the outside world.[39] As the most influential ideologist of "sovereign democracy", Surkov gave two programmatic speeches in 2006: "Sovereignty is a Political Synonym of Competitiveness" in February[40] and "Our Russian Model of Democracy is Titled Sovereign Democracy" in June 2006.[41]

 
Vladislav Surkov in April 2010

On 8 February 2007, Moscow State University marked the 125th anniversary of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's birth with a high-level conference "Lessons of the New Deal for Modern Russia and the World" attended, among others, by Surkov and Gleb Pavlovsky. Surkov drew an explicit parallel between Roosevelt and Russian president Putin, praising the legacy of Roosevelt's New Deal, and between the US of the 1930s and present-day Russia. Pavlovsky called on Putin to follow Roosevelt in staying for a third presidential term.[42][43][44]

According to The Moscow Times, Surkov exerted his influence to have Ramzan Kadyrov appointed as acting Head of the Chechen Republic on 15 February 2007.[10][45] Since this appointment, Kadyrov has gone on to serve two terms in office and has been accused of numerous humans rights abuses.[46]

In October 2009, Surkov warned that opening and modernization of Russia's political system, a need repeatedly stressed by President Dmitry Medvedev, could result in more instability, which "could rip Russia apart".[47]

In September 2011, Mikhail Prokhorov quit the Right Cause party, which he had led for five months. He condemned the party as a puppet of the Kremlin and named Surkov the "main puppet master of the political process" (Russian: главным кукловодом политического процесса), according to a report in Russian-language magazine Korrespondent picked up by The New York Times.[48][49] Prokhorov had hoped that Surkov would be fired from the Kremlin, but the Kremlin stood behind Surkov and said he would not disappear from the political stage.[50] At that time, Reuters described Surkov in a profile as the Kremlin's 'shadowy chief political strategist', one of the most powerful men in the Kremlin and considered a close ally of then-Prime Minister Putin.[7]

Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Modernisation 2011–2013

On 28 December 2011, Medvedev reassigned Surkov to the role of Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Modernisation" in a move interpreted by many to be fallout from the controversial Russian parliamentary elections of 2011.[51] At that time, Surkov described his past career as follows:[52] "I was among those who helped Boris Yeltsin to secure a peaceful transfer of power; among those who helped President Putin stabilize the political system; among those who helped President Medvedev liberalize it. All the teams were great."

 
Surkov giving a speech during the Fifth Congress of the Nashi Youth Movement

During this time, Surkov helped create some pro-government youth movements, including Nashi. He met with their leaders and participants several times and gave them lectures on the political situation.[53][54] Nashi has been compared by Edward Lucas as the Putin government's version of the Soviet-era Komsomol.[55]

 
Surkov on his last day as deputy prime minister in a meeting with Sergey Ivanov (Chief of Presidential Staff) and his ministerial colleague Arkady Dvorkovich

When Putin returned to the presidency in 2012, Surkov became marginalized as Putin "pursued a path of open repression over the cunning manipulation favoured by Surkov". As a Deputy Prime Minister, Surkov criticized the Investigative Committee of Russia, which led investigations into opposition leaders, rather than the general prosecutor's office. The Committee stated he offered to resign on 7 May 2013, whereas Surkov stated he offered to resign on 28 April 2013. Putin accepted it on 8 May 2013.[56][57]

Personal advisor to Putin, 2013–2020

On 20 September 2013, Putin appointed Surkov as his Aide in the Presidential Executive Office,[17] focused on Russian aggrandizement in Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Ukraine.[5][58] As a result he was immediately focused on the events in Ukraine during the November 2013 Euromaidan and February 2014 Revolution of Dignity.[59]

It came out in March 2014 that during Putin's first two terms as president, Surkov was regarded as the Kremlin's "Éminence grise" due to crafting Russia's system of "sovereign democracy" and directing its propaganda principally through control of state run television.[60]

On 17 March 2014, the day after the Crimean status referendum, Surkov became one of the first eleven persons who were placed under executive sanctions on the Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN) by President Barack Obama, freezing his assets in the US and banning him from entering the United States.[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][b] Surkov responded to this by saying: "The only things that interest me in the US are Tupac Shakur, Allen Ginsberg, and Jackson Pollock. I don't need a visa to access their work."[72]

On 21 March 2014, the European Union (EU) placed Surkov on its sanction list barring him from entering the EU and freezing his assets in the EU.[73][74]

In February 2015, Ukrainian authorities accused Surkov of organizing snipers to kill protesters and police during the Ukrainian Euromaidan in January 2014.[75][76][77] This accusation was dismissed by the Russian government as "absurd".[58]

Despite being barred from entering the EU, Surkov visited Greece's Mount Athos as a part of Putin's delegation to the holy site in May 2016.[78]

Hacked emails

Main article: Surkov leaks
See also: Sergey Glazyev § Glazyev tapes
 
The "Normandy Format" talks in October 2016 where Surkov sits between Putin and Frank-Walter Steinmeier

In October 2016, Ukrainian hacker group CyberHunta released over a gigabyte of emails and other documents alleged to belong to Surkov.[79] The 2,337 emails belonged to the inbox of Surkov's office email account, prm_surkova@gov.ru.[80] The Kremlin suggested that the leaked documents were fake.[81]

The emails illustrate Russian plans to politically destabilize Ukraine and the coordination of affairs with major opposition leaders in separatist east Ukraine.[82] The document release included a document sent by Denis Pushilin, former Chairman of the People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic, listing casualties that occurred from 26 May to  6 June 2014.[80] It also included a 22-page outline of "a plan to support nationalist and separatist politicians and to encourage early parliamentary elections in Ukraine, all with the aim of undermining the government in Kiev."[83]

Fall from power

 
The "Normandy Format" talks in October 2019 where Surkov sits aside Sergei Lavrov

On 11 February 2019, Surkov published in Nezavisimaya Gazeta the article "The Long State of Putin", which describes the main points of the term "Putinism" proposed by him.[84] The article caused a stir in the media.[85][86][87]

On 18 February 2020, Surkov was removed from his role of advisor.[6] On 26 February 2020, he gave an interview to Aktualnyie kommentarii where he stated that he actually resigned from the post on his own initiative and the reasons were correctly disclosed by Russian journalists Vladimir Solovyev[88] and Alexei Venediktov.[89] Surkov added that he was primarily involved with Donbas and Ukraine, but since the "context" had changed he decided to leave.[89] He claimed that "There is no Ukraine", adding that "coercion to fraternal relations by force is the only method that has historically proven its effectiveness in the Ukrainian direction. I do not think that some other will be invented".[89][90][91]

Return to private life (2020–present)

House arrest report, 2022

In April 2022, amidst the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Surkov was reported to be under house arrest, on the grounds of embezzlement of funds intended for the Donbas separatist region of Ukraine.[92]

Criticism and depictions

Before the 2010 U.S.-Russia "Civil Society to Civil Society" (C2C) summit, a U.S. House of Representatives representative for the state of Florida's 27th district, Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R), was the lead signatory of a written petition which called upon the Obama administration to suspend U.S. participation in the summit until Surkov was replaced as a delegate for the Russian side. In an interview with Radio Free Europe, Ros-Lehtinen explained that she objected to Surkov's attendance as she views him as "one of the main propagators of limiting freedom of speech in Russia, intimidating Russian journalists and representatives of opposition political parties".[93] However, the summit went ahead despite her objections.[94] A 2007 Open Source Center "Media Aid" document identifies the Russian ura.ru information website as reportedly having links to Surkov.[95]

Inside Russia, Surkov has drawn criticism from activists and opposition groups: In September 2010, Lyudmila Alexeyeva appealed to then-president Dmitry Medvedev to dismiss him.[96]

In May 2013 after his dismissal as Deputy Prime Minister, Surkov was characterized by The Economist as the engineer of "a system of make-believe", "a land of imitation political parties, stage-managed media and fake social movements".[97]

In Western media outside Russia, a vocal and eloquent critic of Surkov and of the administration of Vladimir Putin in general has been Peter Pomerantsev. Over a short period in 2013–14, Pomerantsev wrote op-eds in The Atlantic,[98] The New York Times,[99] and the London Review of Books[9][14][100] accusing Surkov, "Putin's chief ideologue" with "unsurpassed influence over Russian politics", of turning Russia into a "managed democracy", and of reducing Russian politics to nothing but "postmodernist theatre". In an October 2013 talk before the Legatum Institute, Pomerantsev, along with Pavel Khodorkovsky, termed Russia a "postmodern dictatorship".[101]

Some time before October 2014, Igor Ivanovich Strelkov, who played a key role in the Russian military intervention in Ukraine, referred to Surkov as a "notorious" person who "focuses only on destruction...as in South Ossetia and other regions where he focused on looting rather than aid".[102]

In November 2016, opposition leaders Boris Nemtsov (Solidarnost), Vladimir Milov (Democratic Choice), and Vladimir Ryzhkov (People's Freedom Party) jointly demanded his resignation over policies perceived to threaten freedom of the press and journalists in Russia.[103]

Rumored pseudonym of Natan Dubovitsky

On 13 August 2009, Russian business newspaper Vedomosti reported that an anonymous source told them that a recently released novel, Close to Zero (Russian: Околоноля), was written by Surkov under the pseudonym Natan Dubovitsky (Russian: Натан Дубовицкий) in the magazine Russian Pioneer (Russian: Русский пионер). It was soon realized that the pseudonym is almost identical to the name of Surkov's second and current wife, Natalya Dubovitskaya (Russian: Наталья Дубовицкая).[12]

In a subsequent edition of Close to Zero, Surkov would write a preface to it under his real name, but would continue to deny writing the main text. In the preface, Surkov writes two seemingly contradictory statements: "The author of this novel is an unoriginal Hamlet-obsessed hack"; and, "this is the best book I have ever read".[9]

The January 2011 debut performance of the theatrical version of the novel, directed by Kirill Serebrennikov, was attended by Surkov.[104]

The novel, which has the English language subtitle "gangsta fiction", has as its protagonist a man by the name of Yegor Samokhodov. Samokhodov's occupation is public relations, and he is tasked with managing the reputation of a regional governor. First, he hires a writer to ghostwrite a piece of poetry to be published under the name of the governor without disclosing the ghostwriting, so that the governor may win an award and seem clever to his constituents. He then bribes a newspaper reporter to "correct" stories that portray the governor negatively, such as allegations that a factory of a relative of his is releasing chemicals into the air that harm local children.[15]

The publishing houses and public relations firms in the novel are intensely violent, with each company having its own gang and turf wars being fought over the rights to publish or represent such acclaimed Russian authors as Alexander Pushkin and Vladimir Nabokov.[9] Peter Pomerantsev described the book as "exactly the sort of book Surkov's youth groups burn on Red Square."[9] The Economist wrote that the novel "expos[ed] the vices of the system [Surkov] himself had created".[105]

Other works authored under the name Natan Dubovitsky, all published in Russian Pioneer, that are rumored to be the work of Surkov are:

  • The Little Car and the Bicycle [gaga saga] (Russian: Машинка и Велик [gaga saga], romanized: Mashinka i Velik [gaga saga]) (2012)[106]
  • Uncle Vanya [cover version] (2014) (Russian: Дядя Ваня [cover version])[107]
  • Without Sky (2014) (Russian: Без неба)[14]
  • Ultranormality (2017) (Russian: Ультранормальность)

Influence outside Russia

Some outside Russia, such as Ned Resnikoff of ThinkProgress,[108] and Adam Curtis in the BBC documentary HyperNormalisation,[11] have claimed that Surkov's unique blend of politics and theatre have begun to affect countries outside of Russia,[109] most notably the United States with the selection of Donald Trump for the 2016 US Republican nomination and Trump's subsequent campaign and election victory.

In an editorial for the London Review of Books quoted by Curtis, Peter Pomerantsev describes Putin's Russia thus:

In contemporary Russia, unlike the old USSR or present-day North Korea, the stage is constantly changing: the country is a dictatorship in the morning, a democracy at lunch, an oligarchy by suppertime, while, backstage, oil companies are expropriated, journalists killed, billions siphoned away. Surkov is at the centre of the show, sponsoring nationalist skinheads one moment, backing human rights groups the next. It's a strategy of power based on keeping any opposition there may be constantly confused, a ceaseless shape-shifting that is unstoppable because it's indefinable.

— Peter Pomerantsev, in "Putin's Rasputin", London Review of Books issue of 20 October 2011[9]

Curtis claims that Trump used a similar strategy to become president of the United States, and hints that Trump's Surkovian origins caused Putin to express his admiration for Trump in Russian media.[110][111]

Surkov has boasted that "Russia is playing with the West's minds", "They don't know how to deal with their own changed consciousness."[112]

In June 2021 Henry Foy published an interview with Surkov in the Financial Times in which he said "Surkov is a founding father of Putinism, and one of its key enablers." In Foy's tale, Surkov "stage-manage[d] the 2014 annexation of Crimea and Russia’s involvement in the ongoing war in eastern Ukraine." Foy credits Surkov with the observation that an overdose of freedom is lethal to a state, while the latter compares Putin with Octavian. He describes the Minsk agreements as an act that “legitimised the first division of Ukraine”. He is "proud that I was part of the reconquest [of Ukraine]. This was the first open geopolitical counter-attack by Russia [against the west] and such a decisive one." Surkov exhibits profound and naked cynicism:[113]

Most people need their heads to be filled with thoughts. You are not going to feed people with some highly intellectual discourse. Most people eat simple foods. Not the kind of food we are having tonight. Generally most people consume very simple-meaning beliefs. This is normal. There is haute cuisine, and there is McDonald’s. Everyone takes advantage of such people all over the world.

Surkov has even had entire articles written about him and his influence on the War in Donbas by Japanese academics curious about his leaked emails and his "political technology".[114]

Personal life

Surkov has married twice. His first marriage, to Yulia Petrovna Vishnevskaya (Russian: Юлия Петровна Вишневская, née Lukoyanova, Лукоянова) in 1987, ended in divorce in 1996.[115] In his second marriage, Surkov married Natalya Dubovitskaya (Russian: Наталия Дубовицкая), his secretary when he was an executive at the Menatep bank, in a civil ceremony in 2004.[115][116]

Surkov has four children: Artem (Russian: Артём; born 1987), the biological child of Yulia he adopted during his first marriage;[116] and Roman (Russian: Роман; born 2001), Maria (Russian: Мария; born 2003), and Timur (Russian: Тимур; born 2010), biological children of himself and Natalya.[116]

Surkov has composed songs[9] and written texts for the Russian rock-musician Vadim Samoylov, ex-member of the band Agata Kristi (Russian: Агата Кристи). He speaks English and is fond of poets of the Beat Generation such as Allen Ginsberg.[7]

Honours and awards

  • Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 3rd class (13 November 2003) – for outstanding contribution to strengthening Russian statehood and many years of diligent work
  • Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (18 January 2010, 12 June 2004 and 8 July 2003) – for active participation in the preparation of the President's address to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation
  • Medal of PA Stolypin, 2nd class (21 September 2011)
  • Diploma of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation (2 April 2008) – for active support and substantial assistance in organizing and conducting the elections of the President of the Russian Federation
  • State Councillor of the Russian Federation, 1st class[citation needed]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Surkov's official biography states that he was born on 21 September 1964 in Solntsevo, Lipetsk Oblast, Russian SFSR, however other sources report he was born in 1962 in Shali, Checheno-Ingush ASSR, Russian SFSR.
  2. ^ The individuals on the March 2014 list of United States sanctions for individuals or entities involved in the Ukraine crisis are Sergey Aksyonov, Sergey Glazyev, Andrei Klishas, Vladimir Konstantinov, Valentina Matviyenko, Victor Medvedchuk, Yelena Mizulina, Dmitry Rogozin, Leonid Slutsky, Vladislav Surkov, and Victor Yanukovich.[63][66]

References

  1. ^ a b Felgenhauer, Pavel (9 May 2013). "Intrigue and Gossip Overwhelm Moscow after Surkov's Downfall". Eurasia Daily Monitor. Jamestown Foundation. 10 (88). Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  2. ^ "Беспартийный идеолог Владислав Сурков". Gazeta.ru. 16 May 2007. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2009.
  3. ^ "Vladislav Surkov has been appointed Deputy Prime Minister". President of Russia.
  4. ^ "Russian President Accepts Resignation Of Deputy PM Surkov". Radio Free Europe. 8 May 2013.
  5. ^ a b Винокурова, Екатерина (20 September 2013). "Чем Владислав Сурков займется в Украине". Forbes.ua.
  6. ^ a b "Putin officially fires top political aide Vladislav Surkov". meduza.io. 18 February 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  7. ^ a b c Faulconbridge, Guy "Kremlin "puppet master" faces errant oligarch". Reuters. 16 September 2011. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
  8. ^ Thomas, Matt (29 October 2016). "Vladislav Surkov: Who is Vladimir Putin's 'grey cardinal'?". International Business Times UK. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h Pomerantsev, Peter. 'Putin's Rasputin'. London Review of Books. 33 (20). 20 October 2011. pp. 3–6.
  10. ^ a b Ryzhkov, Vladimir (7 October 2013). "Same Old Kremlin, Same Old Surkov". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 20 November 2016. Surkov played the decisive role in raising Kadyrov to his current post. For his part, Kadyrov refers to Surkov as his "sworn brother" and even has a portrait of Surkov hanging in his office in Grozny." and "...a person's formal job title in Russia never matches the actual authority they wield.
  11. ^ a b "Adam Curtis, HyperNormalisation". BBC iPlayer. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  12. ^ a b Glikin, Maksim; Kholmogorova, Vera (13 August 2009). "Владислав Сурков стал писателем?" [Has Vladislav Surkov become a writer?]. Vedomosti. Retrieved 20 November 2016. Published novel Close to Zero was probably written by Vladislav Surkov. (Издан роман «Околоноля», написанный скорее всего Владиславом Сурковым.)
  13. ^ a b Storey, Peter (17 June 2015). "Vladislav Surkov: The (Gray) Cardinal of the Kremlin". Cicero. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  14. ^ a b c "Peter Pomerantsev: Non-Linear War". LRB blog. 28 March 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  15. ^ a b "Did Kremlin political chief really write murky gangster novel?". The Independent. 14 August 2009. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  16. ^ . government.ru (in Russian). 12 March 2012. Archived from the original on 12 March 2012.
  17. ^ a b "Surkov, Vladislav". kremlin.ru. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  18. ^ "Свидетельство о рождении Владислава Суркова" [Birth certificate of Vladislav Surkov]. Moskovskij Komsomolets (in Russian). 26 June 2015. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
  19. ^ a b Маринин, Максим; Косарева, Ирина (13 July 2005). . scandaly.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 18 May 2008.
  20. ^ Milam, Whitney (14 July 2018). "Who is Vladislav Surkov?". Medium. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  21. ^ "The Puppet Master - 2. Ascension". 26 March 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  22. ^ "The Kremlin Wars (Special Series), Part 4: Surkov Presses Home". Stratfor. 27 October 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  23. ^ "5 Facts About Vladislav Surkov". The Moscow Times. 13 May 2013.
  24. ^ 'Der Westen muss uns nicht lieben'. Uwe Von Klußmann. Walter Mayr. Der Spiegel. 20 June 2005. Quote: "Ich selbst habe die ersten fünf Jahre meines Lebens in Tschetschenien zugebracht."
  25. ^ 'Владислав Сурков: "Запад не обязан нас любить",' 31 August 2005 at the Wayback Machine in Inopressa Newsagency. 20 June 2005.
  26. ^ "Surkov Makes Kremlin Comeback". The Moscow Times. 22 September 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  27. ^ Sakwa, Richard (7 April 2011). "Surkov: dark prince of the Kremlin". openDemocracy. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  28. ^ "Сурков Владислав Юрьевич – досье, все новости" [Vladislav, Surkov Yurevich – dossier and news]. Перебежчик. Retrieved 14 April 2020. According to one information source, he served in the artillery of the Southern Group of Forces in Hungary. According to another, he served in the special forces of the Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU). (По одной информации, службу он проходил в артиллерийской части Южной группы войск в Венгрии. По другой – в спецназе Главного разведывательного управления (ГРУ).)
  29. ^ a b c . The Moscow Times. 25 March 2011. Archived from the original on 2 September 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  30. ^ Макаркин, Алексей (13 March 2002). . Политком.ru website. Archived 18 June 2002. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  31. ^ Компромат на Трампа: "золотой дождь" в номере Обамы и связи с ФСБ. Отчет 2016/112: ПРЕЗИДЕНТСКИЕ ВЫБОРЫ: СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВО МЕЖДУ КРЕМЛЕМ И "АЛЬФА-ГРУПП". The Insider website. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  32. ^ Голунов, Иван (14 September 2011). Высокопоставленные родственники. Полпреды: Чем занимаются жены и дети чиновников России. Slon.ru website. Archived (Говорун, Драчевский, Исхаков, Казанцев, Кириенко, Куйвашев, Латышев, Пуликовский, Сафонов, Толоконский, Яковлев) from the original on 15 September 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  33. ^ "Владислав Сурков покинет "Транснефтепродукт"" [Vladislav Surkov leaves "Transnefteprodukt"]. Коммерсантъ (Kommersant) (in Russian). No. 25. 13 February 2006. p. 13. Retrieved 20 November 2016. By an order signed by Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov, the Board of Directors of "Transnefteprodukt", Deputy of the Presidential Executive Office Vladislav Surkov, resigns. (По подписанному премьером Михаилом Фрадковым распоряжению, совет директоров ОАО "Транснефтепродукт" покинет возглавлявший его заместитель руководителя администрации президента РФ Владислав Сурков.)
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  73. ^ "Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 284/2014 of 21 March 2014 implementing Regulation (EU) No 269/2014 concerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine (EUR-Lex – 32014R0284 – EN)". EUR-Lex. 21 March 2014.
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  75. ^ Ukraine accuses Russia over Maidan 2014 killings. bbc.com. 20 February 2015.
  76. ^ Nemtsov Report: Putin. War. Ukrayinska Pravda. 12 May 2015.
  77. ^ Putin's aide Surkov pulled the strings as snipers shot at Maidan protesters – Ukraine's SBU. belsat.eu. 20 February 2015. According to SBU director Nalyvaichenko, they have identified some of the shooters and "as part of this case we have job titles, last names, copies of passports, dates of their entry and departure, their telephone providers and places of accommodation, [we know] how president Putin's adviser Surkov was coordinating their actions in Kyiv,"
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Further reading

  • Bovt, Georgii (September 2008). "Vladislav Surkov: A Pragmatic Idealism". Russian Politics & Law. 46 (5): 33–40. doi:10.2753/RUP1061-1940460504. S2CID 144055138.
  • Mäkinen, Sirke (June 2011). "Surkovian Narrative on the Future of Russia: Making Russia a World Leader". Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics. 27 (2): 143–165. doi:10.1080/13523279.2011.564084. S2CID 154080566.
  • Sakwa, Richard (September 2008). "Russian Political Culture Through the Eyes of Vladislav Surkov: Guest Editor's Introduction". Russian Politics & Law. 46 (5): 3–7. doi:10.2753/RUP1061-1940460500. S2CID 143511011.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vladislav Surkov.
  • Official record @ en.kremlin.ru
  • . Who's Who. RussiaProfile.org. Archived from the original on 27 April 2014.
  • Gatehouse, Gabriel (24 May 2019). "The Puppet Master: The story of the most powerful man you've never heard of". BBC Radio 4. BBC. from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022. (Omnibus edition); Available now. Reporter Gabriel Gatehouse speaks fluent Russian and has access to a vast cache of leaked emails from Surkov's Kremlin office. Using these, plus archive and sources gained over a decade of covering Russia and its wars, Gatehouse goes in search of the man pulling the strings.
  • . The Wall Street Journal. 18 December 2006. Archived from the original on 8 February 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2022. The following are excerpts from public statements, speeches and articles by Vladislav Surkov. Translated by The Wall Street Journal.
  • Curtis, Adam. "The Years of Stagnation and the Poodles of Power". The Medium and the Message. BBC. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  • Pomerantsev, Peter (20 October 2011). "Putin's Rasputin". London Review of Books. Vol. 33, no. 20. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  • (Russian)
  • Is Vladislav Surkov an Artist?

March 04, 2023
vladislav, surkov, this, article, expanded, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, ukrainian, february, 2020, click, show, important, translation, instructions, view, machine, translated, version, ukrainian, article, machine, translation, like, . This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Ukrainian February 2020 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Ukrainian article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 648 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Ukrainian Wikipedia article at uk Surkov Vladislav Yurijovich see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated uk Surkov Vladislav Yurijovich to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming conventions the patronymic is Yuryevich and the family name is Surkov Vladislav Yuryevich Surkov Russian Vladislav Yurevich Surkov born 21 September 1962 1 or 1964 2 is a Russian politician and businessman He was First Deputy Chief of the Russian Presidential Administration from 1999 to 2011 during which time he was often viewed as the main ideologist of the Kremlin who proposed and implemented the concept of sovereign democracy in Russia From December 2011 until May 2013 Surkov served as the Russian Federation s Deputy Prime Minister 3 4 After his resignation Surkov returned to the Presidential Executive Office and became a personal adviser of Vladimir Putin on relationships with Abkhazia South Ossetia and Ukraine 5 He was removed from this duty by presidential order in February 2020 6 Vladislav SurkovVladislav SurkovSurkov in May 2012Assistant to the President of the Russian FederationIn office 20 September 2013 18 February 2020PresidentVladimir PutinDeputy Prime Minister of Russia Head of the Government Executive OfficeIn office 21 May 2012 8 May 2013Prime MinisterDmitry MedvedevPreceded byVyacheslav VolodinSucceeded bySergey PrikhodkoDeputy Prime Minister of RussiaIn office 27 December 2011 21 May 2012Prime MinisterVladimir PutinDmitry MedvedevFirst Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of RussiaIn office 15 May 2008 27 December 2011PresidentDmitry MedvedevDeputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of RussiaIn office 3 August 1999 12 May 2008PresidentBoris YeltsinVladimir PutinPersonal detailsBorn21 September 1962 64 age 58 or 60 Russian SFSR Soviet Union a Political partyUnited RussiaSpousesYulia Vishnevskaya m 1987 div 1996 wbr Natalya Dubovitskaya m 2004 wbr Children4Alma materInternational University in MoscowSignatureSurkov is perceived by many to be a key figure with much power and influence in the administration of Vladimir Putin 7 8 9 According to The Moscow Times this perception is not dependent on the official title Surkov might hold at any one time in the Putin government 10 BBC documentary filmmaker Adam Curtis credits Surkov s blend of theater and politics with keeping Putin and Putin s chosen successors in power since 2000 11 Journalists in Russia and abroad have speculated that Surkov writes under the pseudonym Nathan Dubovitsky although the Kremlin denies it 12 13 14 15 Contents 1 Early years 2 Business career 1988 1998 3 Political career 1999 2020 3 1 Deputy Chief of the Russian Presidential Administration 1999 2011 3 2 Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Modernisation 2011 2013 3 3 Personal advisor to Putin 2013 2020 3 3 1 Hacked emails 3 3 2 Fall from power 4 Return to private life 2020 present 4 1 House arrest report 2022 5 Criticism and depictions 5 1 Rumored pseudonym of Natan Dubovitsky 5 2 Influence outside Russia 6 Personal life 7 Honours and awards 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External linksEarly years EditAccording to Surkov s official biography and birth certificate he was born 21 September 1964 in Solntsevo Lipetsk Oblast Russian SFSR 16 17 18 As per other statements he was born in 1962 in Shali Checheno Ingush ASSR 19 1 His birth name is sometimes reported to be Aslambek Dudayev 20 21 His parents the ethnic Russian Zinaida Antonovna Surkova born 1935 and the ethnic Chechen Yuriy Andarbek Danil bekovich Dudayev 1942 2014 were school teachers in Duba yurt Checheno Ingush ASSR 19 22 Following the separation of his parents his mother moved to Lipetsk and he was baptized into Eastern Orthodox Christianity 23 In an interview published in June 2005 in the German magazine Der Spiegel Surkov stated that his father was ethnic Chechen and that he spent the first five years of his life in Chechnya 24 in Duba yurt and Grozny 9 25 Surkov has claimed to be a relative of Dzhokhar Dudayev the first president of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 26 From 1982 to 1983 Surkov attended MISiS but did not graduate from it From 1983 to 1985 Surkov served in a Soviet artillery regiment in Hungary according to his official biography 27 However former defence minister Sergei Ivanov stated in a 2006 TV interview that Surkov served in the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff GRU during the same time period 28 After his military training Surkov was accepted when to Moscow Institute of Culture for a five year program in theater direction but spent only three years there 29 Surkov graduated from Moscow International University with a master s degree in economics in the late 1990s 29 Business career 1988 1998 EditIn the late 1980s when the government lifted the ban against private businesses Surkov started out in business In 1987 he became head of the advertising department of Mikhail Khodorkovsky s businesses From 1991 to April 1996 he held key managerial positions in advertising and PR departments of Khodorkovsky s Bank Menatep From March 1996 to February 1997 he was at Rosprom and since February 1997 with Mikhail Fridman s Alfa Bank 29 30 At Alfa Bank he worked closely with Oleg Markovich Govorun Russian Oleg Markovich Govorun born 15 January 1969 Bratsk USSR who carried black cash directly to Putin 31 32 In September 2004 Surkov was elected president of the board of directors of the oil products transportation company Transnefteproduct but was instructed by Russia s prime minister Mikhail Fradkov to give up the position in February 2006 33 Political career 1999 2020 EditDeputy Chief of the Russian Presidential Administration 1999 2011 Edit After a brief career as a director for public relations on the Russian television ORT channel from 1998 to 1999 Surkov was appointed Deputy Chief of Staff of the President of the Russian Federation in 1999 13 During the beginning of his time in this role Surkov s main appearances in public and in international media were as a public relations mouthpiece of the Kremlin In August 2000 he confirmed that Gazprom would buy Vladimir Gusinsky s Media Most which at the time owned the only independent nationwide Russian television channel NTV 34 In September 2002 he stated on behalf of the Kremlin that they had decided not to return the statue of KGB founder Felix Dzerzhinsky that had been torn down during the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 35 After the 2003 Russian Duma elections when the president s United Russia party got the most seats at 37 6 Surkov delivered the Kremlin s enthusiastic response saying We are living in a new Russia now 36 In March 2004 he was additionally appointed as aide to the president 37 Since 2006 Surkov has advocated a political doctrine he has called sovereign democracy to counter democracy promotion conducted by the US and European states 38 Judged by some Western media as controversial this view has not generally been shared by Russian media and the Russian political elite 39 Surkov sees this concept as a national version of the common political language that will be used when Russia talks to the outside world 39 As the most influential ideologist of sovereign democracy Surkov gave two programmatic speeches in 2006 Sovereignty is a Political Synonym of Competitiveness in February 40 and Our Russian Model of Democracy is Titled Sovereign Democracy in June 2006 41 Vladislav Surkov in April 2010 On 8 February 2007 Moscow State University marked the 125th anniversary of U S President Franklin D Roosevelt s birth with a high level conference Lessons of the New Deal for Modern Russia and the World attended among others by Surkov and Gleb Pavlovsky Surkov drew an explicit parallel between Roosevelt and Russian president Putin praising the legacy of Roosevelt s New Deal and between the US of the 1930s and present day Russia Pavlovsky called on Putin to follow Roosevelt in staying for a third presidential term 42 43 44 According to The Moscow Times Surkov exerted his influence to have Ramzan Kadyrov appointed as acting Head of the Chechen Republic on 15 February 2007 10 45 Since this appointment Kadyrov has gone on to serve two terms in office and has been accused of numerous humans rights abuses 46 In October 2009 Surkov warned that opening and modernization of Russia s political system a need repeatedly stressed by President Dmitry Medvedev could result in more instability which could rip Russia apart 47 In September 2011 Mikhail Prokhorov quit the Right Cause party which he had led for five months He condemned the party as a puppet of the Kremlin and named Surkov the main puppet master of the political process Russian glavnym kuklovodom politicheskogo processa according to a report in Russian language magazine Korrespondent picked up by The New York Times 48 49 Prokhorov had hoped that Surkov would be fired from the Kremlin but the Kremlin stood behind Surkov and said he would not disappear from the political stage 50 At that time Reuters described Surkov in a profile as the Kremlin s shadowy chief political strategist one of the most powerful men in the Kremlin and considered a close ally of then Prime Minister Putin 7 Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Modernisation 2011 2013 Edit On 28 December 2011 Medvedev reassigned Surkov to the role of Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Modernisation in a move interpreted by many to be fallout from the controversial Russian parliamentary elections of 2011 51 At that time Surkov described his past career as follows 52 I was among those who helped Boris Yeltsin to secure a peaceful transfer of power among those who helped President Putin stabilize the political system among those who helped President Medvedev liberalize it All the teams were great Surkov giving a speech during the Fifth Congress of the Nashi Youth MovementDuring this time Surkov helped create some pro government youth movements including Nashi He met with their leaders and participants several times and gave them lectures on the political situation 53 54 Nashi has been compared by Edward Lucas as the Putin government s version of the Soviet era Komsomol 55 Surkov on his last day as deputy prime minister in a meeting with Sergey Ivanov Chief of Presidential Staff and his ministerial colleague Arkady Dvorkovich When Putin returned to the presidency in 2012 Surkov became marginalized as Putin pursued a path of open repression over the cunning manipulation favoured by Surkov As a Deputy Prime Minister Surkov criticized the Investigative Committee of Russia which led investigations into opposition leaders rather than the general prosecutor s office The Committee stated he offered to resign on 7 May 2013 whereas Surkov stated he offered to resign on 28 April 2013 Putin accepted it on 8 May 2013 56 57 Personal advisor to Putin 2013 2020 Edit On 20 September 2013 Putin appointed Surkov as his Aide in the Presidential Executive Office 17 focused on Russian aggrandizement in Abkhazia South Ossetia and Ukraine 5 58 As a result he was immediately focused on the events in Ukraine during the November 2013 Euromaidan and February 2014 Revolution of Dignity 59 It came out in March 2014 that during Putin s first two terms as president Surkov was regarded as the Kremlin s Eminence grise due to crafting Russia s system of sovereign democracy and directing its propaganda principally through control of state run television 60 On 17 March 2014 the day after the Crimean status referendum Surkov became one of the first eleven persons who were placed under executive sanctions on the Specially Designated Nationals List SDN by President Barack Obama freezing his assets in the US and banning him from entering the United States 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 b Surkov responded to this by saying The only things that interest me in the US are Tupac Shakur Allen Ginsberg and Jackson Pollock I don t need a visa to access their work 72 On 21 March 2014 the European Union EU placed Surkov on its sanction list barring him from entering the EU and freezing his assets in the EU 73 74 In February 2015 Ukrainian authorities accused Surkov of organizing snipers to kill protesters and police during the Ukrainian Euromaidan in January 2014 75 76 77 This accusation was dismissed by the Russian government as absurd 58 Despite being barred from entering the EU Surkov visited Greece s Mount Athos as a part of Putin s delegation to the holy site in May 2016 78 Hacked emails Edit Main article Surkov leaks See also Sergey Glazyev Glazyev tapes The Normandy Format talks in October 2016 where Surkov sits between Putin and Frank Walter Steinmeier In October 2016 Ukrainian hacker group CyberHunta released over a gigabyte of emails and other documents alleged to belong to Surkov 79 The 2 337 emails belonged to the inbox of Surkov s office email account prm surkova gov ru 80 The Kremlin suggested that the leaked documents were fake 81 The emails illustrate Russian plans to politically destabilize Ukraine and the coordination of affairs with major opposition leaders in separatist east Ukraine 82 The document release included a document sent by Denis Pushilin former Chairman of the People s Council of the Donetsk People s Republic listing casualties that occurred from 26 May to 6 June 2014 80 It also included a 22 page outline of a plan to support nationalist and separatist politicians and to encourage early parliamentary elections in Ukraine all with the aim of undermining the government in Kiev 83 Fall from power Edit The Normandy Format talks in October 2019 where Surkov sits aside Sergei Lavrov On 11 February 2019 Surkov published in Nezavisimaya Gazeta the article The Long State of Putin which describes the main points of the term Putinism proposed by him 84 The article caused a stir in the media 85 86 87 On 18 February 2020 Surkov was removed from his role of advisor 6 On 26 February 2020 he gave an interview to Aktualnyie kommentarii where he stated that he actually resigned from the post on his own initiative and the reasons were correctly disclosed by Russian journalists Vladimir Solovyev 88 and Alexei Venediktov 89 Surkov added that he was primarily involved with Donbas and Ukraine but since the context had changed he decided to leave 89 He claimed that There is no Ukraine adding that coercion to fraternal relations by force is the only method that has historically proven its effectiveness in the Ukrainian direction I do not think that some other will be invented 89 90 91 Return to private life 2020 present EditHouse arrest report 2022 Edit In April 2022 amidst the Russian invasion of Ukraine Surkov was reported to be under house arrest on the grounds of embezzlement of funds intended for the Donbas separatist region of Ukraine 92 Criticism and depictions EditBefore the 2010 U S Russia Civil Society to Civil Society C2C summit a U S House of Representatives representative for the state of Florida s 27th district Ileana Ros Lehtinen R was the lead signatory of a written petition which called upon the Obama administration to suspend U S participation in the summit until Surkov was replaced as a delegate for the Russian side In an interview with Radio Free Europe Ros Lehtinen explained that she objected to Surkov s attendance as she views him as one of the main propagators of limiting freedom of speech in Russia intimidating Russian journalists and representatives of opposition political parties 93 However the summit went ahead despite her objections 94 A 2007 Open Source Center Media Aid document identifies the Russian ura ru information website as reportedly having links to Surkov 95 Inside Russia Surkov has drawn criticism from activists and opposition groups In September 2010 Lyudmila Alexeyeva appealed to then president Dmitry Medvedev to dismiss him 96 In May 2013 after his dismissal as Deputy Prime Minister Surkov was characterized by The Economist as the engineer of a system of make believe a land of imitation political parties stage managed media and fake social movements 97 In Western media outside Russia a vocal and eloquent critic of Surkov and of the administration of Vladimir Putin in general has been Peter Pomerantsev Over a short period in 2013 14 Pomerantsev wrote op eds in The Atlantic 98 The New York Times 99 and the London Review of Books 9 14 100 accusing Surkov Putin s chief ideologue with unsurpassed influence over Russian politics of turning Russia into a managed democracy and of reducing Russian politics to nothing but postmodernist theatre In an October 2013 talk before the Legatum Institute Pomerantsev along with Pavel Khodorkovsky termed Russia a postmodern dictatorship 101 Some time before October 2014 Igor Ivanovich Strelkov who played a key role in the Russian military intervention in Ukraine referred to Surkov as a notorious person who focuses only on destruction as in South Ossetia and other regions where he focused on looting rather than aid 102 In November 2016 opposition leaders Boris Nemtsov Solidarnost Vladimir Milov Democratic Choice and Vladimir Ryzhkov People s Freedom Party jointly demanded his resignation over policies perceived to threaten freedom of the press and journalists in Russia 103 Rumored pseudonym of Natan Dubovitsky Edit On 13 August 2009 Russian business newspaper Vedomosti reported that an anonymous source told them that a recently released novel Close to Zero Russian Okolonolya was written by Surkov under the pseudonym Natan Dubovitsky Russian Natan Dubovickij in the magazine Russian Pioneer Russian Russkij pioner It was soon realized that the pseudonym is almost identical to the name of Surkov s second and current wife Natalya Dubovitskaya Russian Natalya Dubovickaya 12 In a subsequent edition of Close to Zero Surkov would write a preface to it under his real name but would continue to deny writing the main text In the preface Surkov writes two seemingly contradictory statements The author of this novel is an unoriginal Hamlet obsessed hack and this is the best book I have ever read 9 The January 2011 debut performance of the theatrical version of the novel directed by Kirill Serebrennikov was attended by Surkov 104 The novel which has the English language subtitle gangsta fiction has as its protagonist a man by the name of Yegor Samokhodov Samokhodov s occupation is public relations and he is tasked with managing the reputation of a regional governor First he hires a writer to ghostwrite a piece of poetry to be published under the name of the governor without disclosing the ghostwriting so that the governor may win an award and seem clever to his constituents He then bribes a newspaper reporter to correct stories that portray the governor negatively such as allegations that a factory of a relative of his is releasing chemicals into the air that harm local children 15 The publishing houses and public relations firms in the novel are intensely violent with each company having its own gang and turf wars being fought over the rights to publish or represent such acclaimed Russian authors as Alexander Pushkin and Vladimir Nabokov 9 Peter Pomerantsev described the book as exactly the sort of book Surkov s youth groups burn on Red Square 9 The Economist wrote that the novel expos ed the vices of the system Surkov himself had created 105 Other works authored under the name Natan Dubovitsky all published in Russian Pioneer that are rumored to be the work of Surkov are The Little Car and the Bicycle gaga saga Russian Mashinka i Velik gaga saga romanized Mashinka i Velik gaga saga 2012 106 Uncle Vanya cover version 2014 Russian Dyadya Vanya cover version 107 Without Sky 2014 Russian Bez neba 14 Ultranormality 2017 Russian Ultranormalnost Influence outside Russia Edit Some outside Russia such as Ned Resnikoff of ThinkProgress 108 and Adam Curtis in the BBC documentary HyperNormalisation 11 have claimed that Surkov s unique blend of politics and theatre have begun to affect countries outside of Russia 109 most notably the United States with the selection of Donald Trump for the 2016 US Republican nomination and Trump s subsequent campaign and election victory In an editorial for the London Review of Books quoted by Curtis Peter Pomerantsev describes Putin s Russia thus In contemporary Russia unlike the old USSR or present day North Korea the stage is constantly changing the country is a dictatorship in the morning a democracy at lunch an oligarchy by suppertime while backstage oil companies are expropriated journalists killed billions siphoned away Surkov is at the centre of the show sponsoring nationalist skinheads one moment backing human rights groups the next It s a strategy of power based on keeping any opposition there may be constantly confused a ceaseless shape shifting that is unstoppable because it s indefinable Peter Pomerantsev in Putin s Rasputin London Review of Books issue of 20 October 2011 9 Curtis claims that Trump used a similar strategy to become president of the United States and hints that Trump s Surkovian origins caused Putin to express his admiration for Trump in Russian media 110 111 Surkov has boasted that Russia is playing with the West s minds They don t know how to deal with their own changed consciousness 112 In June 2021 Henry Foy published an interview with Surkov in the Financial Times in which he said Surkov is a founding father of Putinism and one of its key enablers In Foy s tale Surkov stage manage d the 2014 annexation of Crimea and Russia s involvement in the ongoing war in eastern Ukraine Foy credits Surkov with the observation that an overdose of freedom is lethal to a state while the latter compares Putin with Octavian He describes the Minsk agreements as an act that legitimised the first division of Ukraine He is proud that I was part of the reconquest of Ukraine This was the first open geopolitical counter attack by Russia against the west and such a decisive one Surkov exhibits profound and naked cynicism 113 Most people need their heads to be filled with thoughts You are not going to feed people with some highly intellectual discourse Most people eat simple foods Not the kind of food we are having tonight Generally most people consume very simple meaning beliefs This is normal There is haute cuisine and there is McDonald s Everyone takes advantage of such people all over the world Surkov has even had entire articles written about him and his influence on the War in Donbas by Japanese academics curious about his leaked emails and his political technology 114 Personal life EditSurkov has married twice His first marriage to Yulia Petrovna Vishnevskaya Russian Yuliya Petrovna Vishnevskaya nee Lukoyanova Lukoyanova in 1987 ended in divorce in 1996 115 In his second marriage Surkov married Natalya Dubovitskaya Russian Nataliya Dubovickaya his secretary when he was an executive at the Menatep bank in a civil ceremony in 2004 115 116 Surkov has four children Artem Russian Artyom born 1987 the biological child of Yulia he adopted during his first marriage 116 and Roman Russian Roman born 2001 Maria Russian Mariya born 2003 and Timur Russian Timur born 2010 biological children of himself and Natalya 116 Surkov has composed songs 9 and written texts for the Russian rock musician Vadim Samoylov ex member of the band Agata Kristi Russian Agata Kristi He speaks English and is fond of poets of the Beat Generation such as Allen Ginsberg 7 Honours and awards EditOrder of Merit for the Fatherland 3rd class 13 November 2003 for outstanding contribution to strengthening Russian statehood and many years of diligent work Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation 18 January 2010 12 June 2004 and 8 July 2003 for active participation in the preparation of the President s address to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation Medal of PA Stolypin 2nd class 21 September 2011 Diploma of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation 2 April 2008 for active support and substantial assistance in organizing and conducting the elections of the President of the Russian Federation State Councillor of the Russian Federation 1st class citation needed See also EditMikhail LesinNotes Edit Surkov s official biography states that he was born on 21 September 1964 in Solntsevo Lipetsk Oblast Russian SFSR however other sources report he was born in 1962 in Shali Checheno Ingush ASSR Russian SFSR The individuals on the March 2014 list of United States sanctions for individuals or entities involved in the Ukraine crisis are Sergey Aksyonov Sergey Glazyev Andrei Klishas Vladimir Konstantinov Valentina Matviyenko Victor Medvedchuk Yelena Mizulina Dmitry Rogozin Leonid Slutsky Vladislav Surkov and Victor Yanukovich 63 66 References Edit a b Felgenhauer Pavel 9 May 2013 Intrigue and Gossip Overwhelm Moscow after Surkov s Downfall Eurasia Daily Monitor Jamestown Foundation 10 88 Archived from the original on 7 June 2021 Retrieved 7 June 2021 Bespartijnyj ideolog Vladislav Surkov Gazeta ru 16 May 2007 Archived from the original on 31 July 2012 Retrieved 1 April 2009 Vladislav Surkov has been appointed Deputy Prime Minister President of Russia Russian President Accepts Resignation Of Deputy PM Surkov Radio Free Europe 8 May 2013 a b Vinokurova Ekaterina 20 September 2013 Chem Vladislav Surkov zajmetsya v Ukraine Forbes ua a b Putin officially fires top political aide Vladislav Surkov meduza io 18 February 2020 Retrieved 26 September 2021 a b c Faulconbridge Guy Kremlin puppet master faces errant oligarch Reuters 16 September 2011 Retrieved 21 September 2011 Thomas Matt 29 October 2016 Vladislav Surkov Who is Vladimir Putin s grey cardinal International Business Times UK Retrieved 21 November 2016 a b c d e f g h Pomerantsev Peter Putin s Rasputin London Review of Books 33 20 20 October 2011 pp 3 6 a b Ryzhkov Vladimir 7 October 2013 Same Old Kremlin Same Old Surkov The Moscow Times Retrieved 20 November 2016 Surkov played the decisive role in raising Kadyrov to his current post For his part Kadyrov refers to Surkov as his sworn brother and even has a portrait of Surkov hanging in his office in Grozny and a person s formal job title in Russia never matches the actual authority they wield a b Adam Curtis HyperNormalisation BBC iPlayer Retrieved 19 November 2016 a b Glikin Maksim Kholmogorova Vera 13 August 2009 Vladislav Surkov stal pisatelem Has Vladislav Surkov become a writer Vedomosti Retrieved 20 November 2016 Published novel Close to Zero was probably written by Vladislav Surkov Izdan roman Okolonolya napisannyj skoree vsego Vladislavom Surkovym a b Storey Peter 17 June 2015 Vladislav Surkov The Gray Cardinal of the Kremlin Cicero Retrieved 9 November 2015 a b c Peter Pomerantsev Non Linear War LRB blog 28 March 2014 Retrieved 20 November 2016 a b Did Kremlin political chief really write murky gangster novel The Independent 14 August 2009 Retrieved 20 November 2016 Surkov Vladislav Yurevich government ru in Russian 12 March 2012 Archived from the original on 12 March 2012 a b Surkov Vladislav kremlin ru Retrieved 12 October 2015 Svidetelstvo o rozhdenii Vladislava Surkova Birth certificate of Vladislav Surkov Moskovskij Komsomolets in Russian 26 June 2015 Retrieved 10 September 2020 a b Marinin Maksim Kosareva Irina 13 July 2005 ChEChENSKOE DETSTVO SURKOVA scandaly ru in Russian Archived from the original on 18 May 2008 Milam Whitney 14 July 2018 Who is Vladislav Surkov Medium Retrieved 25 July 2019 The Puppet Master 2 Ascension 26 March 2019 Retrieved 25 March 2022 The Kremlin Wars Special Series Part 4 Surkov Presses Home Stratfor 27 October 2009 Retrieved 11 April 2020 5 Facts About Vladislav Surkov The Moscow Times 13 May 2013 Der Westen muss uns nicht lieben Uwe Von Klussmann Walter Mayr Der Spiegel 20 June 2005 Quote Ich selbst habe die ersten funf Jahre meines Lebens in Tschetschenien zugebracht Vladislav Surkov Zapad ne obyazan nas lyubit Archived 31 August 2005 at the Wayback Machine in Inopressa Newsagency 20 June 2005 Surkov Makes Kremlin Comeback The Moscow Times 22 September 2013 Retrieved 10 April 2020 Sakwa Richard 7 April 2011 Surkov dark prince of the Kremlin openDemocracy Retrieved 20 November 2016 Surkov Vladislav Yurevich dose vse novosti Vladislav Surkov Yurevich dossier and news Perebezhchik Retrieved 14 April 2020 According to one information source he served in the artillery of the Southern Group of Forces in Hungary According to another he served in the special forces of the Main Intelligence Directorate GRU Po odnoj informacii sluzhbu on prohodil v artillerijskoj chasti Yuzhnoj gruppy vojsk v Vengrii Po drugoj v specnaze Glavnogo razvedyvatelnogo upravleniya GRU a b c Vladislav Surkov Biography The Moscow Times 25 March 2011 Archived from the original on 2 September 2014 Retrieved 20 November 2016 Makarkin Aleksej 13 March 2002 ALFA RENOVA KOLLEKTIVNYJ PORTRET LOBBISTOV Politkom ru website Archived 18 June 2002 Retrieved 1 June 2021 Kompromat na Trampa zolotoj dozhd v nomere Obamy i svyazi s FSB Otchet 2016 112 PREZIDENTSKIE VYBORY SOTRUDNIChESTVO MEZhDU KREMLEM I ALFA GRUPP The Insider website Retrieved 22 June 2021 Golunov Ivan 14 September 2011 Vysokopostavlennye rodstvenniki Polpredy Chem zanimayutsya zheny i deti chinovnikov Rossii Slon ru website Archived Govorun Drachevskij Ishakov Kazancev Kirienko Kujvashev Latyshev Pulikovskij Safonov Tolokonskij Yakovlev from the original on 15 September 2011 Retrieved 22 June 2021 Vladislav Surkov pokinet Transnefteprodukt Vladislav Surkov leaves Transnefteprodukt Kommersant Kommersant in Russian No 25 13 February 2006 p 13 Retrieved 20 November 2016 By an order signed by Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov the Board of Directors of Transnefteprodukt Deputy of the Presidential Executive Office Vladislav Surkov resigns Po podpisannomu premerom Mihailom Fradkovym rasporyazheniyu sovet direktorov OAO Transnefteprodukt pokinet vozglavlyavshij ego zamestitel rukovoditelya administracii prezidenta RF Vladislav Surkov Kremlin closing in on media network The Sydney Morning Herald 4 August 2008 via Newspapers com Gutterman Steve 20 September 2002 Return of statue opposed Statesman Journal via Associated Press p 7A via Newspapers com Holley David 9 December 2003 The Victor Extends an Olive Branch Los Angeles Times ISSN 0458 3035 Retrieved 23 November 2016 Memoriya Vladislav Surkov Vladislav Surkov fact sheet polit ru in Russian 21 September 2015 Retrieved 20 November 2016 Seregin A et al 22 September 2006 Russia Profile Experts Panel The Debate on Sovereign Democracy cdi org Johnson s Russia List Archived from the original on 27 September 2006 a b On Wednesday Political Elite Agreed to Speak Common Language Izvestia 31 August 2006 Sovereignty is a Political Synonym of Competitiveness Archived 8 December 2006 at the Wayback Machine Vladislav Surkov public appearance 7 February 2006 Our Russian Model of Democracy is Titled Sovereign Democracy Archived 5 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine Vladislav Surkov briefing 28 June 2006 edinros ru Vladimir Vladimirovich Ruzvelt Putin Asked to Follow FDR s Example Kommersant 9 February 2007 Kremlin Official Compares Putin to Franklin D Roosevelt Moscow News 9 February 2007 Roosevelt Russia s ideological ally Putin aide RIA Novosti 8 February 2007 13 May 2013 Surkov i Kadyrov Surkov and Kadyrov www forbes ru Forbes Russia Retrieved 20 November 2016 See Ramzan Kadyrov Accusations of human rights abuses Sirke Makinen Surkovian narrative on the future of Russia making Russia a world leader Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 27 2 2011 143 165 Prohorov nazval glavnogo kuklovoda politicheskogo processa v Rossii Korrespondent in Russian 15 September 2011 Retrieved 20 November 2016 Kramer Andrew E and Ellen Barry Amid Political Rancor Russian Party Leader Quits The New York Times 15 September 2011 Retrieved 15 September 2011 Volkskrant 16 September 2011 Putin ejects Kremlin puppet master after protests Associated Press via The Guardian 27 December 2011 The gray cardinal leaves the Kremlin Russia Beyond the Headlines 28 December 2011 1 ncsj org Archived 24 January 2007 at the Wayback Machine Maya Atwal and Edwin Bacon The youth movement Nashi contentious politics civil society and party politics East European Politics 28 3 2012 256 266 Lucas Edward 2014 The new cold war Putin s Russia and the threat to the West 3rd ed New York St Martin s Press pp 102 105 ISBN 9781137472618 102 Surkov Vladislav Yurevich government ru 22 June 2013 Miriam Elder Vladimir Putin s former cardinal forced out of government The Guardian 8 May 2013 a b Kiev s allegations that Surkov was behind Maidan developments in 2014 absurd ForMin tass ru 20 February 2015 Gente Regis 17 February 2023 Selon le Mage du Kremlin Vladimir Poutine ne voulait pas des accords de Minsk 2 Le Figaro Anna Nemtsova Eli Lake Is This the Mastermind Behind Russia s Crimea Grab The Daily Beast 19 March 2014 Logiurato Brett 17 March 2014 Obama Just Announced Sanctions Against 7 Russian Cronies Business Insider Retrieved 17 March 2014 Ukraine and Russia Sanctions United States State Department Retrieved 4 March 2016 a b Fact Sheet Ukraine Related Sanctions The White House Office of the Press Secretary 17 March 2014 Retrieved 4 March 2016 Executive Order Blocking Property of Additional Persons Contributing to the Situation in Ukraine The White House Office of the Press Secretary 20 March 2014 Retrieved 4 March 2016 Treasury Sanctions Russian Officials Members Of The Russian Leadership s Inner Circle And An Entity For Involvement In The Situation In Ukraine United States Department of the Treasury a b Issuance of a new Ukraine related Executive Order Ukraine related Designations United States Department of the Treasury 17 March 2014 Retrieved 4 March 2016 Ukraine related Designations United States Department of the Treasury 20 March 2014 Retrieved 4 March 2016 Specially Designated Nationals List SDN United States Department of the Treasury Shuklin Peter 21 March 2014 Putin s inner circle who got in a new list of US sanctions liga net Archived from the original on 7 February 2015 Retrieved 20 February 2016 President of The United States 10 March 2014 Ukraine EO13660 PDF Federal Register Retrieved 4 March 2016 President of The United States 19 March 2014 Ukraine EO13661 PDF Federal Register Retrieved 20 February 2016 Vladimir Putin s top aide Vladislav Surkov mocks US sanctions The Independent 18 March 2014 Council Implementing Regulation EU No 284 2014 of 21 March 2014 implementing Regulation EU No 269 2014 concerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity sovereignty and independence of Ukraine EUR Lex 32014R0284 EN EUR Lex 21 March 2014 Ukraine crisis Russia and sanctions BBC 19 December 2014 Retrieved 4 March 2016 Ukraine accuses Russia over Maidan 2014 killings bbc com 20 February 2015 Nemtsov Report Putin War Ukrayinska Pravda 12 May 2015 Putin s aide Surkov pulled the strings as snipers shot at Maidan protesters Ukraine s SBU belsat eu 20 February 2015 According to SBU director Nalyvaichenko they have identified some of the shooters and as part of this case we have job titles last names copies of passports dates of their entry and departure their telephone providers and places of accommodation we know how president Putin s adviser Surkov was coordinating their actions in Kyiv Shuster Simon 2 September 2016 Exclusive Putin Aide Vladislav Surkov Defied E U Sanctions to Make Pilgrimage to Greece Time Windrem Robert 27 October 2016 Payback Russia gets hacked revealing top Putin aide s secrets NBC News a b Digital Forensic Research Lab 25 October 2016 Breaking Down the Surkov Leaks DFRLab Medium Atlantic Council Walker Shaun 26 October 2016 Kremlin puppet master s leaked emails are price of return to political frontline The Guardian Murdock Jason 27 October 2016 Surkov leaks Thousands of hacked emails reportedly from high ranking Kremlin official published International Business Times UK Standish Reid 25 October 2016 Hacked Putin Aide s Emails Detail Alleged Plot to Destabilize Ukraine Foreign Policy Vladislav Surkov Dolgoe gosudarstvo Putina www ng ru Retrieved 17 October 2019 Surkov and the three pillars of Putinism University of Helsinki 24 April 2019 Retrieved 17 October 2019 Gatehouse Gabriel 25 March 2019 The confusion around Russian meddling means they re already winning Gabriel Gatehouse The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 17 October 2019 Putin advisor says Russia is playing with the West s minds The Independent 12 February 2019 Retrieved 17 October 2019 Dmitrij Kozak sobiraetsya v novyj podhod na Ukrainu Kommersant in Russian 25 January 2020 Retrieved 29 May 2021 a b c Chesnakov Aleksei 26 February 2020 Surkov I am interested to act against the reality Surkov mne interesno dejstvovat protiv realnosti Actualcomment ru in Russian Prinuzhdenie siloj k bratskim otnosheniyam edinstvennyj metod istoricheski dokazavshij effektivnost na ukrainskom napravlenii Ne dumayu chto budet izobreten kakoj to drugoj There is no Ukraine Fact Checking the Kremlin s Version of Ukrainian History LSE International History 1 July 2020 Retrieved 16 December 2020 In First Interview Since Departure Russia s Former Gray Cardinal Questions Existence Of Ukraine RadioFreeEurope RadioLiberty Retrieved 16 December 2020 Anglesey Anders 13 April 2022 Who is Vladislav Surkov Newsweek Retrieved 19 April 2022 Controversy Over Civil Society Representative Appointment Human Rights Lawyer Detained RadioFreeEurope RadioLiberty 8 February 2010 Retrieved 20 November 2016 December 2010 Report on US Russia C2C Summit is released www ethicsrussia org Center for Business Ethics and Corporate Governance Retrieved 20 November 2016 Source Descriptors of Key Russian Media PDF fas org Open Source Center 6 December 2007 p 15 Retrieved 22 April 2017 ura ru reportedly has links to Kremlin aide Surkov Tirmaste Mariya Luiza Tirmaste Mariya Luiza 12 September 2010 U pravozashitnikov gotovo proshenie ob otstavke Gazeta Kommersant in Russian No 228 p 3 Retrieved 20 November 2016 An ideologue s exit The Economist 11 May 2013 ISSN 0013 0613 Retrieved 7 December 2022 Pomerantsev Peter 9 September 2014 Russia and the Menace of Unreality The Atlantic Retrieved 20 November 2016 Pomerantsev Peter 11 December 2014 Russia s Ideology There Is No Truth The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 20 November 2016 Peter Pomerantsev Goodbye Surkov LRB blog 8 May 2013 Retrieved 20 November 2016 Russia A Postmodern Dictatorship With Pavel Khodorkovsky amp Peter Pomerantsev Legatum Institute 14 October 2013 archived from the original on 21 December 2021 Eksklyuzivnoe intervyu I Strelkova Srazhayas za Novorossiyu my srazhaemsya za Rossiyu novorossiia ru Novorossiya Archived from the original on 4 February 2017 Retrieved 20 November 2016 Russian eto lyudi kotorye naceleny tolko na razrushenie v Yuzhnoj Osetii v drugih regionah vezde gde on nahodilsya razgrableniem vmesto realnoj pomoshi Izbienie Kashina oppozicionery Nemcov Ryzhkov i Milov potrebovali otstavki Surkova POLIT RU www polit ru Retrieved 20 November 2016 Dementsova Emilia 24 January 2011 Okolonolya chyornoe na chyornom Close to Zero Black on black Komsomolskaya Pravda in Russian Retrieved 20 November 2016 And recently I attended a Kirill Serebrennikov play based on the novel Close to Zero the debut of which was attended by Surkov himself I vot nedavno vyshel spektakl Kirilla Serebrenikova po romanu Okolonolya na premere kotorogo prisutstvoval i sam Surkov The long life of Homo sovieticus The Economist 10 December 2011 issue date Retrieved 8 December 2011 Nefekare Jehuti 2 February 2015 A Cloudless Sky A Short Story By Natan Dubovitsky Grandmother Africa Grandmother Africa Retrieved 20 November 2016 Dyadya Vanya cover version chast 1 Klassnyj zhurnal Russkij pioner Resnikoff Ned 26 September 2016 Phantasmagoria Medium Retrieved 19 November 2016 BBC Radio 4 Seriously The Puppet Master Episode 1 Snipers BBC Retrieved 5 April 2019 Adams Tim 9 October 2016 Adam Curtis continues search for the hidden forces behind a century of chaos The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 20 November 2016 Adam Curtis 2016 HyperNormalisation BBC iPlayer Carroll Oliver 12 February 2019 Russia is playing with the West s minds says Putin advisor The Independent Foy Henry 18 June 2021 Vladislav Surkov An overdose of freedom is lethal to a state THE FINANCIAL TIMES LTD Archived from the original on 11 December 2022 Hosaka Sanshiro 27 November 2019 Welcome to Surkov s Theater Russian Political Technology in the Donbas War Nationalities Papers Cambridge University Press 47 5 750 773 doi 10 1017 nps 2019 70 S2CID 214289953 a b Surkov bio anticompromat ru Retrieved 14 April 2020 a b c Vladislav Surkov biografiya foto ego zhena i semya Vladislav Surkov biography photos his wife and family www uznayvse ru in Russian Retrieved 14 April 2020 Further reading EditBovt Georgii September 2008 Vladislav Surkov A Pragmatic Idealism Russian Politics amp Law 46 5 33 40 doi 10 2753 RUP1061 1940460504 S2CID 144055138 Makinen Sirke June 2011 Surkovian Narrative on the Future of Russia Making Russia a World Leader Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 27 2 143 165 doi 10 1080 13523279 2011 564084 S2CID 154080566 Sakwa Richard September 2008 Russian Political Culture Through the Eyes of Vladislav Surkov Guest Editor s Introduction Russian Politics amp Law 46 5 3 7 doi 10 2753 RUP1061 1940460500 S2CID 143511011 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vladislav Surkov Official record en kremlin ru Vladislav Surkov Who s Who RussiaProfile org Archived from the original on 27 April 2014 Gatehouse Gabriel 24 May 2019 The Puppet Master The story of the most powerful man you ve never heard of BBC Radio 4 BBC Archived from the original on 26 April 2022 Retrieved 26 April 2022 Omnibus edition Available now Reporter Gabriel Gatehouse speaks fluent Russian and has access to a vast cache of leaked emails from Surkov s Kremlin office Using these plus archive and sources gained over a decade of covering Russia and its wars Gatehouse goes in search of the man pulling the strings Surkov In His Own Words The Wall Street Journal 18 December 2006 Archived from the original on 8 February 2011 Retrieved 26 April 2022 The following are excerpts from public statements speeches and articles by Vladislav Surkov Translated by The Wall Street Journal Curtis Adam The Years of Stagnation and the Poodles of Power The Medium and the Message BBC Retrieved 26 April 2022 Pomerantsev Peter 20 October 2011 Putin s Rasputin London Review of Books Vol 33 no 20 Retrieved 26 April 2022 Biography Surkov Russian Is Vladislav Surkov an Artist Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vladislav Surkov amp oldid 1140796663, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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