Vironian was divided into five clans (kilikunda), Maum (in Estonian "Mahu"), Laemund (Lemmu) also known as Pudiviru, Askele, Revele (Rebala), Alentagh (Alutaguse). Like other Estonian tribes, Vironians remained predominantly pagan before Northern Crusades in the 13th century.
According to the Livonian Chronicle of Henry, Vironians believed that Tharapita, a god worshipped by Osilians (the tribe inhabiting Saaremaa) was born in Vironia. However, Vironian elder Thabelin of Pudiviru had endorsed Christianity before the German and Danish crusaders reached Estonia. Thabelin (Tabellinus) was baptized by Germans in Gotland island. Later, when competing Danish crusaders arrived to Vironia, Thabelin was suspected of being too pro-German and hanged.
In 1219, the German crusaders of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword made a raid against Vironians together with recently christened Letts, Livonians, and several proto-Estonian tribes (Sakalians, Ugaunians and Jervians). After five days of killing and pillaging, Kyriavan, Thabelin and other Vironian elders asked for a truce. According to the chronicle, Kyriavan told he had a "very bad god" before and therefore was ready to accept the Christian god. After truce was made, Vironian elders accepted Christianity. Some sons of elders from all five Vironian clans were taken hostages by the crusaders as part of the truce. In 1221, Vironians took part in failed attempt to oust Danes who had built a fortress in the place of modern Tallinn in the neighboring province of Revelia. Danes retaliated, killed several Vironian elders and put Vironians under heavy taxes.
In 1225, Danes and German crusaders clashed with each other over the ownership of Vironia. In 1226, The papal legateWilliam of Modena arrived to Vironian stronghold of Tarwanpe and mediated peace between Germans, Danes and Estonians. A year later the Vironian territories were taken by Brothers of the Sword. Vironians sided with the new Papal Legate Baldwin of Alna who in 1230 tried to create a Papal Vassal State in Northern Estonia, including Vironia. In 1233, the supporters of Baldwin were defeated by the Order in the city of Reval (Tallinn). Vironian territories were snatched by the Order again as Baldwin of Alna complained in his report to the Pope in 1234. The Order was also accused of oppressing Vironian converts and expelling local supporters of Church.
In 1238, Vironia was given to Denmark again according to the Treaty of Stensby. The area went into hands of powerful vassals of Danish king, many of which were of local origin, like Dietrich of Kievel (probably 'Kivela' - 'land of stone' in Estonian) who controlled Eastern part of Vironia, where he started to build the stronghold of Narva. Vironians and Vironian vassals took part in Order's and Denmark's failed crusade against Novgorod Republic 1240-1242. The names Virumaa, Vironia and Virland have been continuously used for the North-Eastern Estonia. For example, in 1266, Margaret Sambiria, Dowager Queen of Denmark was named the Lady of Estonia and Virland.
virumaa, academic, corporation, korporatsioon, vironia, this, article, does, cite, sources, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, j. For the academic corporation see Korporatsioon Vironia This article does not cite any sources Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Virumaa news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Virumaa Latin Vironia Low German Wierland Old Norse Virland is a former independent county in Ancient Estonia Now it is divided into Ida Viru County or Eastern Vironia and Laane Viru County or Western Vironia Vironians built many strongholds like Tarwanpe modern Rakvere and Agelinde now Punamagi Hill in Antu village VironiaVirumaaCounty of Estonia1227Coat of armsAncient EstoniaCapitalTarvanpaaArea Coordinates59 10 N 26 30 E 59 17 N 26 5 E 59 17 26 5 12207 387 km2 2 852 sq mi Succeeded by Danish Estonia Vironian was divided into five clans kilikunda Maum in Estonian Mahu Laemund Lemmu also known as Pudiviru Askele Revele Rebala Alentagh Alutaguse Like other Estonian tribes Vironians remained predominantly pagan before Northern Crusades in the 13th century Contents 1 History 2 Parishes 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory editAccording to the Livonian Chronicle of Henry Vironians believed that Tharapita a god worshipped by Osilians the tribe inhabiting Saaremaa was born in Vironia However Vironian elder Thabelin of Pudiviru had endorsed Christianity before the German and Danish crusaders reached Estonia Thabelin Tabellinus was baptized by Germans in Gotland island Later when competing Danish crusaders arrived to Vironia Thabelin was suspected of being too pro German and hanged In 1219 the German crusaders of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword made a raid against Vironians together with recently christened Letts Livonians and several proto Estonian tribes Sakalians Ugaunians and Jervians After five days of killing and pillaging Kyriavan Thabelin and other Vironian elders asked for a truce According to the chronicle Kyriavan told he had a very bad god before and therefore was ready to accept the Christian god After truce was made Vironian elders accepted Christianity Some sons of elders from all five Vironian clans were taken hostages by the crusaders as part of the truce In 1221 Vironians took part in failed attempt to oust Danes who had built a fortress in the place of modern Tallinn in the neighboring province of Revelia Danes retaliated killed several Vironian elders and put Vironians under heavy taxes In 1225 Danes and German crusaders clashed with each other over the ownership of Vironia In 1226 The papal legate William of Modena arrived to Vironian stronghold of Tarwanpe and mediated peace between Germans Danes and Estonians A year later the Vironian territories were taken by Brothers of the Sword Vironians sided with the new Papal Legate Baldwin of Alna who in 1230 tried to create a Papal Vassal State in Northern Estonia including Vironia In 1233 the supporters of Baldwin were defeated by the Order in the city of Reval Tallinn Vironian territories were snatched by the Order again as Baldwin of Alna complained in his report to the Pope in 1234 The Order was also accused of oppressing Vironian converts and expelling local supporters of Church nbsp Vironia to Denmark Danish Estonia In 1238 Vironia was given to Denmark again according to the Treaty of Stensby The area went into hands of powerful vassals of Danish king many of which were of local origin like Dietrich of Kievel probably Kivela land of stone in Estonian who controlled Eastern part of Vironia where he started to build the stronghold of Narva Vironians and Vironian vassals took part in Order s and Denmark s failed crusade against Novgorod Republic 1240 1242 The names Virumaa Vironia and Virland have been continuously used for the North Eastern Estonia For example in 1266 Margaret Sambiria Dowager Queen of Denmark was named the Lady of Estonia and Virland Parishes editMaum Mahu Laemund Lemmu also known as Pudiviru Askaelae Askala Repel Rebala Alentagh Alutaguse See also editDanish Estonia Kunda culture Livonian Crusade Vironians List of Estonian rulersReferences editExternal links editThe flag of Vironia see Vironia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Virumaa amp oldid 1166882759, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
