The Vetus Latina translations continued to be used alongside the Vulgate, but eventually the Vulgate became the standard Latin Bible used by the Catholic Church, especially after the Council of Trent (1545–1563) affirmed the Vulgate translation as authoritative for the text of Catholic Bibles. However, the Vetus Latina texts survive in some parts of the liturgy (e.g., the Pater Noster).
As the English translation of Vetus Latina is "Old Latin", they are also sometimes referred to as the Old Latin Bible,[1] although they are written in the form of Latin known as Late Latin, not that known as Old Latin. The Vetus Latina manuscripts that are preserved today are dated from AD 350 to the 13th century.
There is no single "Vetus Latina Bible". Instead, Vetus Latina is a collection of biblical manuscript texts that are Latin translations of Septuagint and New Testament passages that preceded Jerome's Vulgate.[1]
After comparing readings for Luke 24:4–5 in Vetus Latina manuscripts, Bruce Metzger counted "at least 27 variant readings in Vetus Latina manuscripts that have survived" for this passage alone.[5]
ReplacementEdit
When Jerome undertook the revision of Latin translations of Old Testament texts in the late 4th century, he checked the Septuagint and Vetus Latina translations against the Hebrew texts that were then available. He broke with church tradition and translated most of the Old Testament of his Vulgate from Hebrew sources rather than from the Greek Septuagint. His choice was severely criticized by Augustine, his contemporary; a flood of still less moderate criticism came from those who regarded Jerome as a forger. While on the one hand he argued for the superiority of the Hebrew texts in correcting the Septuagint on both philological and theological grounds, on the other, in the context of accusations of heresy against him, Jerome would acknowledge the Septuagint texts as well.[6]
Comparisons with the VulgateEdit
Below are some comparisons of the Vetus Latina with text from critical editions of the Vulgate.
The following comparison is of Luke 6:1–4, taken from the Vetus Latina text in the Codex Bezae:
Et factum est eum in Sabbato secundoprimo abire per segetes discipuli autem illius coeperunt vellere spicas et fricantes manibus manducabant.
factum est autem in sabbato secundoprimo cum transiret per sata vellebant discipuli eius spicas et manducabant confricantes manibus
And it came to pass on the second first sabbath, that as he went through the corn fields, his disciples plucked the ears, and did eat, rubbing them in their hands.
Quidam autem de farisaeis dicebant ei, Ecce quid faciunt discipuli tui sabbatis quod non licet?
quidam autem Pharisaeorum dicebant illis quid facitis quod non licet in sabbatis
And some of the Pharisees said to them: Why do you that which is not lawful on the sabbath days?
Respondens autem IHS dixit ad eos, Numquam hoc legistis quod fecit David quando esuriit ipse et qui cum eo erat?
et respondens Iesus ad eos dixit nec hoc legistis quod fecit David cum esurisset ipse et qui cum eo erant
And Jesus answering them, said: Have you not read so much as this, what David did, when himself was hungry, and they that were with him:
Intro ibit in domum Dei et panes propositionis manducavit et dedit et qui cum erant quibus non licebat manducare si non solis sacerdotibus?
quomodo intravit in domum Dei et panes propositionis sumpsit et manducavit et dedit his qui cum ipso erant quos non licet manducare nisi tantum sacerdotibus
How he went into the house of God, and took and ate the bread of proposition, and gave to them that were with him, which is not lawful to eat but only for the priests?
The Vetus Latina text survives in places in the Catholic liturgy, such as the following verse well known from Christmas carols, Luke 2:14:
gloria in altissimis Deo et in terra pax in hominibus bonae voluntatis
Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men.
Glory to God in the highest; and on earth peace to men of good will.
The Vetus Latina text means, "Glory [belongs] to God among the high, and peace [belongs] to men of good will on earth".[citation needed] The Vulgate text means "Glory [belongs] to God among the most high and peace among men of good will on earth".[citation needed]
Probably the most well known difference between the Vetus Latina and the Vulgate is in the Pater Noster, where the phrase from the Vetus Latina, Panem nostrum cotidianum, "our daily bread", becomes Panem nostrum supersubstantialem, "our supersubstantial bread" in the Vulgate; the Vetus Latina form being retained in the Roman Missal for liturgical use.[citation needed]
^ abW. E. Plater and H. J. White, A Grammar of the Vulgate, Oxford at the Clarendon Press: 1926, paragraph 4.
^Lewis Bayles Paton, A critical and exegetical commentary on the book of Esther, p. 40.
^Joseph A. Fitzmyer, The Dead Sea scrolls and Christian origins, p. 163.
^J. K. Elliott, Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt (Walter de Gruyter, 1992), p. 242.
^Metzger, Bruce (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration. Oxford University Press. p. 72. ISBN9780195166675.
^Text taken from Codex Bezae and the Da Vinci Code 2009-01-07 at the Wayback Machine, A textcritical look at the Rennes-le-Chateau hoax, Wieland Willker, 2005
^"Read the Bible text :: academic-bible.com". www.academic-bible.com. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
^"Christian Works : Codex Bezae". Cambridge Digital Library. Retrieved 2020-03-17.
^"Read the Bible text :: academic-bible.com". www.academic-bible.com. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
BibliographyEdit
Brooke, Alan England; McLean, Norman; Thackeray, Henry St. John (1906). The Old Testament in Greek. Volume I: The Octateuch. Part I: Genesis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 176. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
Brooke, Alan England; McLean, Norman; Thackeray, Henry St. John (1927). The Old Testament in Greek. Volume II: The Later Historical Books. Part I: I and II Samuel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 220. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
Brooke, Alan England; McLean, Norman; Thackeray, Henry St. John (1930). The Old Testament in Greek. Volume II: The Later Historical Books. Part II: I and II Kings(PDF). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 208. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
Everson, David L. (2014). "The Vetus Latina and the Vulgate of the Book of Exodus". The Book of Exodus: Composition, Reception, and Interpretation. Leiden: Brill. pp. 370–386. ISBN978-90-04-28266-7. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
Fischer, Bonifatius (1951). Vetus Latina: die Reste der altlateinischen Bibel. Genesis, Volumes 2–4. Freiburg: Herder. p. 576. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
External linksEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vetus Latina.
The Vetus Latina Institut, Beuron/Germany ()
Vetus Latina – Resources for the study of the Old Latin Bible (in English, German, and Latin)
Vetus Latina Iohannes – An electronic edition of the manuscripts of John
The old Latin Acts of the Apostles – About the edition of the Latin versions of the Books of Acts (in German)
Tanakh.info – Polyglot of the Tanakh featuring the text of Old Latin version of the Old Testament with a new English translation.
August 31, 2023
vetus, latina, latin, latin, form, latin, known, latin, latin, latin, latin, also, known, vetus, itala, italian, itala, italian, note, italic, denoted, siglum, displaystyle, mathfrak, collective, name, given, latin, translations, biblical, texts, both, testame. Vetus Latina is the Latin for Old Latin For the form of Latin known as Old Latin see Old Latin Vetus Latina Old Latin in Latin also known as Vetus Itala Old Italian Itala Italian note 1 and Old Italic and denoted by the siglum L displaystyle mathfrak L is the collective name given to the Latin translations of biblical texts both Old Testament and New Testament that preceded the Vulgate the Latin translation produced by Jerome in the late 4th century Verses from the Vetus Latina Gospel of John 16 23 30 as they appear on a page of the Codex Vercellensis The Vetus Latina translations continued to be used alongside the Vulgate but eventually the Vulgate became the standard Latin Bible used by the Catholic Church especially after the Council of Trent 1545 1563 affirmed the Vulgate translation as authoritative for the text of Catholic Bibles However the Vetus Latina texts survive in some parts of the liturgy e g the Pater Noster As the English translation of Vetus Latina is Old Latin they are also sometimes referred to as the Old Latin Bible 1 although they are written in the form of Latin known as Late Latin not that known as Old Latin The Vetus Latina manuscripts that are preserved today are dated from AD 350 to the 13th century Contents 1 Text 1 1 Old Testament 1 2 New Testament 2 Replacement 3 Comparisons with the Vulgate 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External linksText EditThere is no single Vetus Latina Bible Instead Vetus Latina is a collection of biblical manuscript texts that are Latin translations of Septuagint and New Testament passages that preceded Jerome s Vulgate 1 Old Testament Edit Further information Vetus Latina manuscripts Old Testament See also Latin Psalters Some of the oldest surviving Vetus Latina versions of the Old Testament or Hebrew Bible or Tanakh include the Quedlinburg Itala fragment a 5th century manuscript containing parts of 1 Samuel and the Codex Complutensis I a 10th century manuscript containing Old Latin readings of the Book of Ruth Book of Esther 2 Book of Tobit 3 Book of Judith and 1 2 Maccabees 4 New Testament Edit Further information List of New Testament Latin manuscripts Vetus Latina After comparing readings for Luke 24 4 5 in Vetus Latina manuscripts Bruce Metzger counted at least 27 variant readings in Vetus Latina manuscripts that have survived for this passage alone 5 Replacement EditWhen Jerome undertook the revision of Latin translations of Old Testament texts in the late 4th century he checked the Septuagint and Vetus Latina translations against the Hebrew texts that were then available He broke with church tradition and translated most of the Old Testament of his Vulgate from Hebrew sources rather than from the Greek Septuagint His choice was severely criticized by Augustine his contemporary a flood of still less moderate criticism came from those who regarded Jerome as a forger While on the one hand he argued for the superiority of the Hebrew texts in correcting the Septuagint on both philological and theological grounds on the other in the context of accusations of heresy against him Jerome would acknowledge the Septuagint texts as well 6 Comparisons with the Vulgate EditBelow are some comparisons of the Vetus Latina with text from critical editions of the Vulgate The following comparison is of Luke 6 1 4 taken from the Vetus Latina text in the Codex Bezae Vetus Latina 7 Latin Vulgate 8 Douay RheimsEt factum est eum in Sabbato secundoprimo abire per segetes discipuli autem illius coeperunt vellere spicas et fricantes manibus manducabant factum est autem in sabbato secundoprimo cum transiret per sata vellebant discipuli eius spicas et manducabant confricantes manibus And it came to pass on the second first sabbath that as he went through the corn fields his disciples plucked the ears and did eat rubbing them in their hands Quidam autem de farisaeis dicebant ei Ecce quid faciunt discipuli tui sabbatis quod non licet quidam autem Pharisaeorum dicebant illis quid facitis quod non licet in sabbatis And some of the Pharisees said to them Why do you that which is not lawful on the sabbath days Respondens autem IHS dixit ad eos Numquam hoc legistis quod fecit David quando esuriit ipse et qui cum eo erat et respondens Iesus ad eos dixit nec hoc legistis quod fecit David cum esurisset ipse et qui cum eo erant And Jesus answering them said Have you not read so much as this what David did when himself was hungry and they that were with him Intro ibit in domum Dei et panes propositionis manducavit et dedit et qui cum erant quibus non licebat manducare si non solis sacerdotibus quomodo intravit in domum Dei et panes propositionis sumpsit et manducavit et dedit his qui cum ipso erant quos non licet manducare nisi tantum sacerdotibus How he went into the house of God and took and ate the bread of proposition and gave to them that were with him which is not lawful to eat but only for the priests The Vetus Latina text survives in places in the Catholic liturgy such as the following verse well known from Christmas carols Luke 2 14 Vetus Latina 9 Latin Vulgate 10 King James Version 1611 Douay RheimsGloria in excelsis Deo et super terra pax in hominibus consolationis gloria in altissimis Deo et in terra pax in hominibus bonae voluntatis Glory to God in the highest and on earth peace good will toward men Glory to God in the highest and on earth peace to men of good will The Vetus Latina text means Glory belongs to God among the high and peace belongs to men of good will on earth citation needed The Vulgate text means Glory belongs to God among the most high and peace among men of good will on earth citation needed Probably the most well known difference between the Vetus Latina and the Vulgate is in the Pater Noster where the phrase from the Vetus Latina Panem nostrum cotidianum our daily bread becomes Panem nostrum supersubstantialem our supersubstantial bread in the Vulgate the Vetus Latina form being retained in the Roman Missal for liturgical use citation needed See also EditLatin Psalters List of New Testament Latin manuscripts Vetus Latina manuscriptsNotes Edit See for example Quedlinburg Itala fragment References Edit a b W E Plater and H J White A Grammar of the Vulgate Oxford at the Clarendon Press 1926 paragraph 4 Lewis Bayles Paton A critical and exegetical commentary on the book of Esther p 40 Joseph A Fitzmyer The Dead Sea scrolls and Christian origins p 163 J K Elliott Aufstieg und Niedergang der romischen Welt Walter de Gruyter 1992 p 242 Metzger Bruce 2005 The Text of the New Testament Its Transmission Corruption and Restoration Oxford University Press p 72 ISBN 9780195166675 Rebenich S Jerome Routledge 2013 p 58 ISBN 9781134638444 Text taken from Codex Bezae and the Da Vinci Code Archived 2009 01 07 at the Wayback Machine A textcritical look at the Rennes le Chateau hoax Wieland Willker 2005 Read the Bible text academic bible com www academic bible com Retrieved 2021 03 09 Christian Works Codex Bezae Cambridge Digital Library Retrieved 2020 03 17 Read the Bible text academic bible com www academic bible com Retrieved 2021 03 09 Bibliography EditBrooke Alan England McLean Norman Thackeray Henry St John 1906 The Old Testament in Greek Volume I The Octateuch Part I Genesis Cambridge Cambridge University Press p 176 Retrieved 8 November 2022 Brooke Alan England McLean Norman Thackeray Henry St John 1927 The Old Testament in Greek Volume II The Later Historical Books Part I I and II Samuel Cambridge Cambridge University Press p 220 Retrieved 8 November 2022 Brooke Alan England McLean Norman Thackeray Henry St John 1930 The Old Testament in Greek Volume II The Later Historical Books Part II I and II Kings PDF Cambridge Cambridge University Press p 208 Retrieved 8 November 2022 Everson David L 2014 The Vetus Latina and the Vulgate of the Book of Exodus The Book of Exodus Composition Reception and Interpretation Leiden Brill pp 370 386 ISBN 978 90 04 28266 7 Retrieved 8 November 2022 Fischer Bonifatius 1951 Vetus Latina die Reste der altlateinischen Bibel Genesis Volumes 2 4 Freiburg Herder p 576 Retrieved 9 November 2022 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vetus Latina The Vetus Latina Institut Beuron Germany former website Vetus Latina Resources for the study of the Old Latin Bible in English German and Latin Vetus Latina Iohannes An electronic edition of the manuscripts of John The old Latin Acts of the Apostles About the edition of the Latin versions of the Books of Acts in German Tanakh info Polyglot of the Tanakh featuring the text of Old Latin version of the Old Testament with a new English translation Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vetus Latina amp oldid 1149482903, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
