Valence, or hedonic tone, is the affects' property specifying the intrinsic attractiveness/"good[ness]" (positive valence) or averseness/"bad[ness]" (negative valence) of an object, event, or situation.[1][2] The term also categorises emotions.[2]
The use of the term in psychology entered English with the translation from German ("Valenz") in 1935 of works of Kurt Lewin. The original German word suggests "binding," and is commonly used in a grammatical context to describe the ability of one word to semantically and syntactically link another, especially the ability of a verb to require a number of additional terms (e.g. subject and object) to form a complete sentence.
The term chemical valence has been used in physics and chemistry to describe the mechanism by which atoms bind to one another since the nineteenth century.
PhenomenologyEdit
Valence is an inferred criterion from instinctively generated emotions; it is the property specifying whether feelings/affects are positive, negative or neutral.[2] The existence of at least temporarily unspecified valence is an issue for psychological researchers who reject the existence of neutral emotions (e.g. surprise, sublimation).[2] However, other psychological researchers assume that neutral emotions exist.[3]
"Negative" emotions like anger and fear have a negative valence.[5] But positive emotions like joy have a positive valence. Positively valenced emotions are evoked by positively valenced events, objects, or situations. [6]The term is also used to describe the hedonic tone of feelings, certain behaviors (for example, approach and avoidance), goal attainment or non-attainment, and conformity with or violation of norms. Ambivalence can be viewed as conflict between positive and negative valence-carriers.
Theorists taking a valence-based approach to study affect, judgment, and choice posit that emotions with the same valence (e.g., anger and fear or pride and surprise) produce a similar influence on judgments and choices. Suffering is negative valence and the opposite of this is pleasure or happiness.
^Nico H. Frijda, The Emotions. Cambridge(UK): Cambridge University Press, 1986. p. 207
^ abcdVazard J (2022). "Feeling the unknown: emotions of uncertainty and their valence". Erkenntnis. doi:10.1007/s10670-022-00583-1. S2CID 250417356.
^Hu, C, Wang Q, Han T, Weare E, Fu G (2017). "Differential emotion attribution to neutral faces of own and other races". Cognition and Emotion. 31 (2): 360–368. doi:10.1080/02699931.2015.1092419. PMID 26465265. S2CID 24973774.
^Kliemann, Dorit; Jacoby, Nir; Anzellotti, Stefano; Saxe, Rebecca R. (2016-11-16). "Decoding task and stimulus representations in face-responsive cortex". Cognitive Neuropsychology. 33 (7–8): 362–377. doi:10.1080/02643294.2016.1256873. ISSN 0264-3294. PMC5673491. PMID 27978778.
^"Negative Valence Systems". National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Retrieved 2023-07-25.
^"Positive Valence Systems". National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Retrieved 2023-07-25.
Look up valence in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
October 16, 2023
valence, psychology, other, uses, valence, disambiguation, valence, hedonic, tone, affects, property, specifying, intrinsic, attractiveness, good, ness, positive, valence, averseness, ness, negative, valence, object, event, situation, term, also, categorises, . For other uses see Valence disambiguation Valence or hedonic tone is the affects property specifying the intrinsic attractiveness good ness positive valence or averseness bad ness negative valence of an object event or situation 1 2 The term also categorises emotions 2 Contents 1 History 2 Phenomenology 3 Measurement 4 Examples 5 See also 6 ReferencesHistory EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed March 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message The use of the term in psychology entered English with the translation from German Valenz in 1935 of works of Kurt Lewin The original German word suggests binding and is commonly used in a grammatical context to describe the ability of one word to semantically and syntactically link another especially the ability of a verb to require a number of additional terms e g subject and object to form a complete sentence The term chemical valence has been used in physics and chemistry to describe the mechanism by which atoms bind to one another since the nineteenth century Phenomenology EditValence is an inferred criterion from instinctively generated emotions it is the property specifying whether feelings affects are positive negative or neutral 2 The existence of at least temporarily unspecified valence is an issue for psychological researchers who reject the existence of neutral emotions e g surprise sublimation 2 However other psychological researchers assume that neutral emotions exist 3 Measurement EditValence could be assigned a number and treated as if it were measured but the validity of a measurement based on a subjective report is questionable Measurement based on observations of facial expressions using the Facial Action Coding System and microexpressions see Paul Ekman or muscle activity detected through facial electromyography or on modern functional brain imaging may overcome this objection The perceived emotional valence of a facial expression is represented in the right posterior superior temporal sulcus and medial prefrontal cortex 4 Examples Edit Negative emotions like anger and fear have a negative valence 5 But positive emotions like joy have a positive valence Positively valenced emotions are evoked by positively valenced events objects or situations 6 The term is also used to describe the hedonic tone of feelings certain behaviors for example approach and avoidance goal attainment or non attainment and conformity with or violation of norms Ambivalence can be viewed as conflict between positive and negative valence carriers Theorists taking a valence based approach to study affect judgment and choice posit that emotions with the same valence e g anger and fear or pride and surprise produce a similar influence on judgments and choices Suffering is negative valence and the opposite of this is pleasure or happiness See also EditOptimism bias Sentiment Analysis VedanaReferences Edit Nico H Frijda The Emotions Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press 1986 p 207 a b c d Vazard J 2022 Feeling the unknown emotions of uncertainty and their valence Erkenntnis doi 10 1007 s10670 022 00583 1 S2CID 250417356 Hu C Wang Q Han T Weare E Fu G 2017 Differential emotion attribution to neutral faces of own and other races Cognition and Emotion 31 2 360 368 doi 10 1080 02699931 2015 1092419 PMID 26465265 S2CID 24973774 Kliemann Dorit Jacoby Nir Anzellotti Stefano Saxe Rebecca R 2016 11 16 Decoding task and stimulus representations in face responsive cortex Cognitive Neuropsychology 33 7 8 362 377 doi 10 1080 02643294 2016 1256873 ISSN 0264 3294 PMC 5673491 PMID 27978778 Negative Valence Systems National Institute of Mental Health NIMH Retrieved 2023 07 25 Positive Valence Systems National Institute of Mental Health NIMH Retrieved 2023 07 25 nbsp Look up valence in Wiktionary the free dictionary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Valence psychology amp oldid 1170086485, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
