Facial electromyography (fEMG) refers to an electromyography (EMG) technique that measures muscle activity by detecting and amplifying the tiny electrical impulses that are generated by muscle fibers when they contract.
measures muscle activity by detecting electrical impulses(face)
It primarily focuses on two major muscle groups in the face, the corrugator supercilii group which is associated with frowning and the zygomaticus major muscle group which is associated with smiling.[1][2]
Facial EMG has been studied to assess its utility as a tool for measuring emotional reaction.[3] Studies have found that activity of the corrugator muscle, which lowers the eyebrow and is involved in producing frowns, varies inversely with the emotional valence of presented stimuli and reports of mood state[citation needed]. Activity of the zygomatic major muscle, which controls smiling, is said to be positively associated with positive emotional stimuli and positive mood state.
Facial EMG has been used as a technique to distinguish and track positive and negative emotional reactions to a stimulus as they occur.[4] A large number of those experiments have been conducted in controlled laboratory environments using a range of stimuli, e.g., still pictures, movie clips and music pieces.
It has also been used to investigate emotional responses in individuals with autism spectrum disorders.[5]
Although commonly used as an index of emotional responses, facial muscle activity is also influenced by the social context in which it is measured.[6] Using facial EMG in immersive virtual environments, Philipp, Storrs, and Vanman showed that even relatively impoverished social cues in a virtual environment can cause increases in zygomaticus major activity that are unrelated to self-reported emotional states.[7]
In a study in 2012 Durso et al. demonstrated that facial EMG could detect confusion in subjects who acknowledged they were confused and in those who did not. The authors considered facial EMG could effectively monitor loss of understanding or of situation awareness.[8]
Advertising research - Of late, facial EMG has been used to test audience response to commercial advertising. Facial EMG activity measures during a viewing of commercials embedded in TV program clips have been used to describe a commercial's level of emotional activation and engagement. Measurement of the corrugator and zygomatic muscles, yield an overall positive and negative emotional activation score. The moment to moment activation that are recorded are said to measure the dynamic emotional response to a commercial and yield useful insights about the elements of the commercials. Lou et al.[10] showed that facial EMG activity can be used to forecast how game players would be addicted to an online game before the game is officially introduced to the market.
Gaming and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) - Ravaja,[11] Hazlett[13] and Mandryk[12] used facial EMG techniques to demonstrate that positive and negative emotions can be measured in real time during video game play. The emotional profiling of games give a useful evaluation of a game's impact on a player, how compelling they find the game, how the game measures up to other games in its genre, and how the different elements of the game enhance or detract from the game's approach to engaging the player.[14]
Advantagesedit
Proponents of Facial EMG point to the following advantages:
Facial Electromyography (or fEMG) is a precise and sensitive method to measure emotional expression.
Unlike self-reports, fEMG does not depend upon language and does not require cognitive effort or memory.
fEMG is capable of registering the response even when subjects were instructed to inhibit their emotional expression.
Yields a lot of data and is continuous and scalar (hence more credible.)
It is able to measure facial muscle activities to even weakly evocative emotional stimuli.
Less intrusive than other physiological measures like fMRI and EEG.
Like other physiological measures, facial EMG measurement technique is often the only useful approach when movement is not visible.
Criticismsedit
The technique is intrusive and may alter natural expression.
The number of muscles it can employ is limited by how many electrodes can be attached to the face.
Certain medicines that act on the nervous system, such as muscle relaxants and anticholinergics, can change electromyography (EMG) results.
^Larsen JT, Norris CJ, Cacioppo JT (September 2003). "Effects of positive and negative affect on electromyographic activity over zygomaticus major and corrugator supercilii". Psychophysiology. 40 (5): 776–85. doi:10.1111/1469-8986.00078. PMID 14696731.
^Sato W, Fujimura T, Suzuki N (October 2008). "Enhanced facial EMG activity in response to dynamic facial expressions". Int J Psychophysiol. 70 (1): 70–4. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.06.001. PMID 18598725.
^Dimberg U (September 1990). "Facial electromyography and emotional reactions". Psychophysiology. 27 (5): 481–94. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb01962.x. PMID 2274612.
^Wolf K, Mass R, Ingenbleek T, Kiefer F, Naber D, Wiedemann K (October 2005). "The facial pattern of disgust, appetence, excited joy and relaxed joy: an improved facial EMG study". Scand J Psychol. 46 (5): 403–9. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2005.00471.x. PMID 16179022.
^Oberman LM, Winkielman P, Ramachandran VS (July 2009). "Slow echo: facial EMG evidence for the delay of spontaneous, but not voluntary, emotional mimicry in children with autism spectrum disorders". Dev Sci. 12 (4): 510–20. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00796.x. PMID 19635079.
^Hess, U; Banse, R; Kappas, A (1995). "The intensity of facial expression is determined by underlying affective state and social situation". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 69 (2): 280–288. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.2.280.
^Philipp, MC; Storrs, K; Vanman, E (2012). "Sociality of facial expressions in immersive virtual environments: A facial EMG study". Biological Psychology. 91 (1): 17–21. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.05.008. PMID 22652089. S2CID 14744015.
^Durso, F.T., Geldbach, K.M. and Cotbalis, P., "Detecting Confusion Using Facial Electromyography", Human Factors, Vol. 54, No. 1, February 2012.
^Boll, P.D., Lang, A., Potter, R.F., The Effects of Message Valence and Listener Arousal on Attention, Memory and Facial Muscular Responses to Radio Advertisements. Communication Research, Vol. 28 (2001).
^ abLou, Jing-Kai; Kuan-Ta Chen; Hwai-Jung Hsu; Chin-Laung Lei (November 2012), "Forecasting online game addictiveness", Proc. IEEE/ACM NetGames 2012, Venice, Italy, retrieved 2013-10-17{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ abRavaja N, Turpeinen M, Saari T, Puttonen S, Keltikangas-Järvinen L (February 2008). "The psychophysiology of James Bond: phasic emotional responses to violent video game events". Emotion. 8 (1): 114–20. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.8.1.114. PMID 18266521.
^ abMandryk, R.L.; Atkins, M. (2007). "A Fuzzy Physiological Approach for Continuously Modeling Emotion During Interaction with Play Environments". International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 6 (4): 329–47. doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.11.011. S2CID 1037743.
^Hazlett, R. L. (2006). "Measuring emotional valence during interactive experiences: Boys at video game play". Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. pp. 1023–6. doi:10.1145/1124772.1124925. ISBN1595933727. S2CID 17119148.
^Nacke, L. E.; Lindley, C. (December 2009). "Affective Ludology, Flow and Immersion in a First- Person Shooter: Measurement of Player Experience". Loading. 3 (5). arXiv:1004.0248.
March 17, 2024
facial, electromyography, femg, refers, electromyography, technique, that, measures, muscle, activity, detecting, amplifying, tiny, electrical, impulses, that, generated, muscle, fibers, when, they, contract, corrugator, supercilii, muscle, associated, with, f. Facial electromyography fEMG refers to an electromyography EMG technique that measures muscle activity by detecting and amplifying the tiny electrical impulses that are generated by muscle fibers when they contract Facial electromyographyCorrugator supercilii muscle associated with frowning Purposemeasures muscle activity by detecting electrical impulses face It primarily focuses on two major muscle groups in the face the corrugator supercilii group which is associated with frowning and the zygomaticus major muscle group which is associated with smiling 1 2 Contents 1 Uses 1 1 Market research and gaming 2 Advantages 3 Criticisms 4 See also 5 ReferencesUses edit nbsp Zygomaticus major muscle associated with smiling Facial EMG has been studied to assess its utility as a tool for measuring emotional reaction 3 Studies have found that activity of the corrugator muscle which lowers the eyebrow and is involved in producing frowns varies inversely with the emotional valence of presented stimuli and reports of mood state citation needed Activity of the zygomatic major muscle which controls smiling is said to be positively associated with positive emotional stimuli and positive mood state Facial EMG has been used as a technique to distinguish and track positive and negative emotional reactions to a stimulus as they occur 4 A large number of those experiments have been conducted in controlled laboratory environments using a range of stimuli e g still pictures movie clips and music pieces It has also been used to investigate emotional responses in individuals with autism spectrum disorders 5 Although commonly used as an index of emotional responses facial muscle activity is also influenced by the social context in which it is measured 6 Using facial EMG in immersive virtual environments Philipp Storrs and Vanman showed that even relatively impoverished social cues in a virtual environment can cause increases in zygomaticus major activity that are unrelated to self reported emotional states 7 In a study in 2012 Durso et al demonstrated that facial EMG could detect confusion in subjects who acknowledged they were confused and in those who did not The authors considered facial EMG could effectively monitor loss of understanding or of situation awareness 8 Market research and gaming edit Two areas where facial EMG techniques have been used are in advertising research 9 10 and in video gaming 11 12 Advertising research Of late facial EMG has been used to test audience response to commercial advertising Facial EMG activity measures during a viewing of commercials embedded in TV program clips have been used to describe a commercial s level of emotional activation and engagement Measurement of the corrugator and zygomatic muscles yield an overall positive and negative emotional activation score The moment to moment activation that are recorded are said to measure the dynamic emotional response to a commercial and yield useful insights about the elements of the commercials Lou et al 10 showed that facial EMG activity can be used to forecast how game players would be addicted to an online game before the game is officially introduced to the market Gaming and Human Computer Interaction HCI Ravaja 11 Hazlett 13 and Mandryk 12 used facial EMG techniques to demonstrate that positive and negative emotions can be measured in real time during video game play The emotional profiling of games give a useful evaluation of a game s impact on a player how compelling they find the game how the game measures up to other games in its genre and how the different elements of the game enhance or detract from the game s approach to engaging the player 14 Advantages editProponents of Facial EMG point to the following advantages Facial Electromyography or fEMG is a precise and sensitive method to measure emotional expression Unlike self reports fEMG does not depend upon language and does not require cognitive effort or memory fEMG is capable of registering the response even when subjects were instructed to inhibit their emotional expression Yields a lot of data and is continuous and scalar hence more credible It is able to measure facial muscle activities to even weakly evocative emotional stimuli Less intrusive than other physiological measures like fMRI and EEG Like other physiological measures facial EMG measurement technique is often the only useful approach when movement is not visible Criticisms editThe technique is intrusive and may alter natural expression The number of muscles it can employ is limited by how many electrodes can be attached to the face Certain medicines that act on the nervous system such as muscle relaxants and anticholinergics can change electromyography EMG results See also editFacial Action Coding System Computer processing of body languageReferences edit Larsen JT Norris CJ Cacioppo JT September 2003 Effects of positive and negative affect on electromyographic activity over zygomaticus major and corrugator supercilii Psychophysiology 40 5 776 85 doi 10 1111 1469 8986 00078 PMID 14696731 Sato W Fujimura T Suzuki N October 2008 Enhanced facial EMG activity in response to dynamic facial expressions Int J Psychophysiol 70 1 70 4 doi 10 1016 j ijpsycho 2008 06 001 PMID 18598725 Dimberg U September 1990 Facial electromyography and emotional reactions Psychophysiology 27 5 481 94 doi 10 1111 j 1469 8986 1990 tb01962 x PMID 2274612 Wolf K Mass R Ingenbleek T Kiefer F Naber D Wiedemann K October 2005 The facial pattern of disgust appetence excited joy and relaxed joy an improved facial EMG study Scand J Psychol 46 5 403 9 doi 10 1111 j 1467 9450 2005 00471 x PMID 16179022 Oberman LM Winkielman P Ramachandran VS July 2009 Slow echo facial EMG evidence for the delay of spontaneous but not voluntary emotional mimicry in children with autism spectrum disorders Dev Sci 12 4 510 20 doi 10 1111 j 1467 7687 2008 00796 x PMID 19635079 Hess U Banse R Kappas A 1995 The intensity of facial expression is determined by underlying affective state and social situation Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 2 280 288 doi 10 1037 0022 3514 69 2 280 Philipp MC Storrs K Vanman E 2012 Sociality of facial expressions in immersive virtual environments A facial EMG study Biological Psychology 91 1 17 21 doi 10 1016 j biopsycho 2012 05 008 PMID 22652089 S2CID 14744015 Durso F T Geldbach K M and Cotbalis P Detecting Confusion Using Facial Electromyography Human Factors Vol 54 No 1 February 2012 Boll P D Lang A Potter R F The Effects of Message Valence and Listener Arousal on Attention Memory and Facial Muscular Responses to Radio Advertisements Communication Research Vol 28 2001 a b Lou Jing Kai Kuan Ta Chen Hwai Jung Hsu Chin Laung Lei November 2012 Forecasting online game addictiveness Proc IEEE ACM NetGames 2012 Venice Italy retrieved 2013 10 17 a href Template Citation html title Template Citation citation a CS1 maint location missing publisher link a b Ravaja N Turpeinen M Saari T Puttonen S Keltikangas Jarvinen L February 2008 The psychophysiology of James Bond phasic emotional responses to violent video game events Emotion 8 1 114 20 doi 10 1037 1528 3542 8 1 114 PMID 18266521 a b Mandryk R L Atkins M 2007 A Fuzzy Physiological Approach for Continuously Modeling Emotion During Interaction with Play Environments International Journal of Human Computer Studies 6 4 329 47 doi 10 1016 j ijhcs 2006 11 011 S2CID 1037743 Hazlett R L 2006 Measuring emotional valence during interactive experiences Boys at video game play Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems pp 1023 6 doi 10 1145 1124772 1124925 ISBN 1595933727 S2CID 17119148 Nacke L E Lindley C December 2009 Affective Ludology Flow and Immersion in a First Person Shooter Measurement of Player Experience Loading 3 5 arXiv 1004 0248 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Facial electromyography amp oldid 1197769672, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
