The genus name Utahceratops, means "horned face from Utah", and is derived from the state of Utah and Greek words "keras" (κέρας) meaning "horn" and "ops" (ὤψ) referring to the "face".[1] The specific namegettyi, is derived from the name of Mike Getty, who discovered the holotype and has played a pivotal role in the recovery of fossils from the Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument (GSENM). It was first named by Scott D. Sampson, Mark A. Loewen, Andrew A. Farke, Eric M. Roberts, Catherine A. Forster, Joshua A. Smith and Alan L. Titus in 2010, and the type species is Utahceratops gettyi.[2]
Descriptionedit
Restoration
The holotype specimen UMNH VP 16784, consists of only a partial skull. This genus is known from six specimens, including two partial skulls, which when taken together preserve about 96% of the skull and 70% of the postcranial skeleton. Utahceratops are estimated to have measured 4.5–5 metres (15–16 ft) in length and 2 tonnes (2.2 tons) in weight.[3][4]
According to Sampson et al. (2010), Utahceratops can be distinguished based on the following characteristics: the nasal horncore is caudally positioned, almost entirely behind external naris; the supraorbital horncores are short, robust, dorsolaterally directed, and oblate in shape with a blunt tip; the episquamosals on the mid-portion of the lateral frill margin are low and extremely elongate (some >10 cm long); and the median portion of transverse bar of the parietal bone is rostrally curved.[2]
Phylogenyedit
Reconstructed skeleton of Utahceratops with known elements in yellowSelected craniofacial elementsSize comparison
North America about 75 mya, location the discovery of Utahceratops shown
The only known specimen of Utahceratops was recovered at the Kaiparowits Formation, in Utah.[2]Argon-argon radiometric dating indicates that the Kaiparowits Formation was deposited between 76.6 and 74.5 million years ago, during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous period.[6][7] During the Late Cretaceous period, the site of the Kaiparowits Formation was located near the western shore of the Western Interior Seaway, a large inland sea that split North America into two landmasses, Laramidia to the west and Appalachia to the east. The plateau where dinosaurs lived was an ancient floodplain dominated by large channels and abundant wetland peat swamps, ponds and lakes, and was bordered by highlands. The climate was wet and humid, and supported an abundant and diverse range of organisms.[8] This formation contains one of the best and most continuous records of Late Cretaceous terrestrial life in the world.[9]
^ abcdSampson, S. D.; Loewen, M. A.; Farke, A. A.; Roberts, E. M.; Forster, C. A.; Smith, J. A.; Titus, A. L. (2010). Stepanova, Anna (ed.). "New Horned Dinosaurs from Utah Provide Evidence for Intracontinental Dinosaur Endemism". PLOS ONE. 5 (9): e12292. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...512292S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012292. PMC2929175. PMID 20877459.
^Paul, G.S. (2016). "Genasaurs". The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs (2nd ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 297. ISBN978-0-691-16766-4.
^Raia, P.; Passaro, F.; Carotenuto, F.; Maiorino, L.; Piras, P.; Teresi, L.; Meiri, S.; Itescu, Y.; Novosolov, M.; Baiano, M. A.; Martinez, R.; Fortelius, M. (2015). "Cope's rule and the universal scaling law of ornament complexity". The American Naturalist. 186 (2): 165–175. doi:10.1086/682011. hdl:11336/55178. PMID 26655146.
^Longrich, N. R. (2014). "The horned dinosaurs Pentaceratops and Kosmoceratops from the upper Campanian of Alberta and implications for dinosaur biogeography". Cretaceous Research. 51: 292–308. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2014.06.011.
^Roberts EM, Deino AL, Chan MA (2005) 40Ar/39Ar age of the Kaiparowits Formation, southern Utah, and correlation of contemporaneous Campanian strata and vertebrate faunas along the margin of the Western Interior Basin. Cretaceous Res 26: 307–318.
^Eaton, J.G., 2002. Multituberculate mammals from the Wahweap (Campanian, Aquilan) and Kaiparowits (Campanian, Judithian) formations, within and near Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, southern Utah. Miscellaneous Publication 02-4, UtahGeological Survey, 66 pp.
^Titus, Alan L. and Mark A. Loewen (editors). At the Top of the Grand Staircase: The Late Cretaceous of Southern Utah. 2013. Indiana University Press. Hardbound: 634 pp.
^Clinton, William. . September 18, 1996. Archived from the original on 28 August 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
^Zanno, Lindsay E.; Sampson, Scott D. (2005). "A new oviraptorosaur (Theropoda; Maniraptora) from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Utah". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (4): 897–904. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0897:ANOTMF]2.0.CO;2.
^Eaton, Jeffrey G.; Cifelli, Richard L.; Hutchinson, J. Howard; Kirkland, James I.; Parrish, J. Michael tyrannosaurid albertosarusyear=1999 (1999). "Cretaceous vertebrate faunas from the Kaiparowits Plateau, south-central Utah". In Gillete, David D. (ed.). Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah. Miscellaneous Publication 99-1. Salt Lake City: Utah Geological Survey. pp. 345–353. ISBN1-55791-634-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
January 01, 1970
utahceratops, extinct, genus, ceratopsian, dinosaur, that, lived, approximately, million, years, during, late, cretaceous, period, what, utah, large, sized, robustly, built, ground, dwelling, quadrupedal, herbivore, that, could, grow, estimated, long, temporal. Utahceratops is an extinct genus of ceratopsian dinosaur that lived approximately 76 4 75 5 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous period in what is now Utah Utahceratops was a large sized robustly built ground dwelling quadrupedal herbivore that could grow up to an estimated 4 5 5 m 15 16 ft long UtahceratopsTemporal range Late Cretaceous 76 4 75 5 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Reconstructed skeleton Natural History Museum of Utah Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Clade Dinosauria Clade Ornithischia Clade Ceratopsia Family Ceratopsidae Subfamily Chasmosaurinae Genus UtahceratopsSampson et al 2010 Species U gettyi Binomial name Utahceratops gettyiSampson et al 2010 Contents 1 Discovery 2 Description 3 Phylogeny 4 Paleoecology 4 1 Habitat 4 2 Paleofauna 5 See also 6 ReferencesDiscovery editThe genus name Utahceratops means horned face from Utah and is derived from the state of Utah and Greek words keras keras meaning horn and ops ὤps referring to the face 1 The specific name gettyi is derived from the name of Mike Getty who discovered the holotype and has played a pivotal role in the recovery of fossils from the Grand Staircase Escalante National Monument GSENM It was first named by Scott D Sampson Mark A Loewen Andrew A Farke Eric M Roberts Catherine A Forster Joshua A Smith and Alan L Titus in 2010 and the type species is Utahceratops gettyi 2 Description edit nbsp Restoration The holotype specimen UMNH VP 16784 consists of only a partial skull This genus is known from six specimens including two partial skulls which when taken together preserve about 96 of the skull and 70 of the postcranial skeleton Utahceratops are estimated to have measured 4 5 5 metres 15 16 ft in length and 2 tonnes 2 2 tons in weight 3 4 According to Sampson et al 2010 Utahceratops can be distinguished based on the following characteristics the nasal horncore is caudally positioned almost entirely behind external naris the supraorbital horncores are short robust dorsolaterally directed and oblate in shape with a blunt tip the episquamosals on the mid portion of the lateral frill margin are low and extremely elongate some gt 10 cm long and the median portion of transverse bar of the parietal bone is rostrally curved 2 Phylogeny edit nbsp Reconstructed skeleton of Utahceratops with known elements in yellow nbsp Selected craniofacial elements nbsp Size comparison Utahceratops has been classified as a basal chasmosaurine ceratopsian It has been found to be in a clade of basal chasmosaurines with Pentaceratops 2 The below cladogram follows Longrich 2014 who named a new species of Pentaceratops and included nearly all chasmosaurine species 5 Chasmosaurinae Mercuriceratops Judiceratops Chasmosaurus Chasmosaurus sp CMN 2280 Chasmosaurus belli Chasmosaurus irvinensis Mojoceratops Agujaceratops Pentaceratops aquilonius Williams Fork chasmosaur Pentaceratops sternbergii Utahceratops Kosmoceratops Kosmoceratops richardsoni Kosmoceratops sp CMN 8301 Anchiceratops Almond Formation chasmosaur Bravoceratops Coahuilaceratops Arrhinoceratops Triceratopsini Titanoceratops Torosaurus Triceratops T utahensis T horridus T prorsusPaleoecology edit nbsp Mirarce on Utahceratops Habitat edit nbsp North America about 75 mya location the discovery of Utahceratops shown The only known specimen of Utahceratops was recovered at the Kaiparowits Formation in Utah 2 Argon argon radiometric dating indicates that the Kaiparowits Formation was deposited between 76 6 and 74 5 million years ago during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous period 6 7 During the Late Cretaceous period the site of the Kaiparowits Formation was located near the western shore of the Western Interior Seaway a large inland sea that split North America into two landmasses Laramidia to the west and Appalachia to the east The plateau where dinosaurs lived was an ancient floodplain dominated by large channels and abundant wetland peat swamps ponds and lakes and was bordered by highlands The climate was wet and humid and supported an abundant and diverse range of organisms 8 This formation contains one of the best and most continuous records of Late Cretaceous terrestrial life in the world 9 Paleofauna edit Utahceratops shared its paleoenvironment with other dinosaurs such as dromaeosaurid theropods the troodontid Talos sampsoni tyrannosaurids like Teratophoneus armored ankylosaurids the duckbilled hadrosaurs Parasaurolophus cyrtocristatus and Gryposaurus monumentensis the ceratopsians Nasutoceratops titusi and Kosmoceratops richardsoni and the oviraptorosaurian Hagryphus giganteus 10 Some fossil evidence suggests the presence of the tyrannosaurid Albertosaurus and the ornithomimid Ornithomimus velox but the existing assessment of the material is not conclusive Paleofauna present in the Kaiparowits Formation included chondrichthyans sharks and rays frogs salamanders turtles lizards and crocodilians A variety of early mammals were present including multituberculates marsupials and insectivorans 11 See also edit nbsp Dinosaurs portal Timeline of ceratopsian researchReferences edit Liddell Henry George and Robert Scott 1980 A Greek English Lexicon Abridged ed United Kingdom Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 910207 4 a b c d Sampson S D Loewen M A Farke A A Roberts E M Forster C A Smith J A Titus A L 2010 Stepanova Anna ed New Horned Dinosaurs from Utah Provide Evidence for Intracontinental Dinosaur Endemism PLOS ONE 5 9 e12292 Bibcode 2010PLoSO 512292S doi 10 1371 journal pone 0012292 PMC 2929175 PMID 20877459 Paul G S 2016 Genasaurs The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs 2nd ed Princeton New Jersey Princeton University Press p 297 ISBN 978 0 691 16766 4 Raia P Passaro F Carotenuto F Maiorino L Piras P Teresi L Meiri S Itescu Y Novosolov M Baiano M A Martinez R Fortelius M 2015 Cope s rule and the universal scaling law of ornament complexity The American Naturalist 186 2 165 175 doi 10 1086 682011 hdl 11336 55178 PMID 26655146 Longrich N R 2014 The horned dinosaurs Pentaceratops and Kosmoceratops from the upper Campanian of Alberta and implications for dinosaur biogeography Cretaceous Research 51 292 308 doi 10 1016 j cretres 2014 06 011 Roberts EM Deino AL Chan MA 2005 40Ar 39Ar age of the Kaiparowits Formation southern Utah and correlation of contemporaneous Campanian strata and vertebrate faunas along the margin of the Western Interior Basin Cretaceous Res 26 307 318 Eaton J G 2002 Multituberculate mammals from the Wahweap Campanian Aquilan and Kaiparowits Campanian Judithian formations within and near Grand Staircase Escalante National Monument southern Utah Miscellaneous Publication 02 4 UtahGeological Survey 66 pp Titus Alan L and Mark A Loewen editors At the Top of the Grand Staircase The Late Cretaceous of Southern Utah 2013 Indiana University Press Hardbound 634 pp Clinton William Presidential Proclamation Establishment of the Grand Staircase Escalante National Monument September 18 1996 Archived from the original on 28 August 2013 Retrieved 9 November 2013 Zanno Lindsay E Sampson Scott D 2005 A new oviraptorosaur Theropoda Maniraptora from the Late Cretaceous Campanian of Utah Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 4 897 904 doi 10 1671 0272 4634 2005 025 0897 ANOTMF 2 0 CO 2 Eaton Jeffrey G Cifelli Richard L Hutchinson J Howard Kirkland James I Parrish J Michael tyrannosaurid albertosarusyear 1999 1999 Cretaceous vertebrate faunas from the Kaiparowits Plateau south central Utah In Gillete David D ed Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah Miscellaneous Publication 99 1 Salt Lake City Utah Geological Survey pp 345 353 ISBN 1 55791 634 9 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Utahceratops amp oldid 1188652271, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
