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Urania's Mirror

January 26, 2023

Urania's Mirror; or, a view of the Heavens is a set of 32 astronomical star chart cards, first published in November 1824.[1][2] They are illustrations based on Alexander Jamieson's A Celestial Atlas,[2] but the addition of holes punched in them allow them to be held up to a light to see a depiction of the constellation's stars.[1] They were engraved by Sidney Hall, and were said to be designed by "a lady", but have since been identified as the work of the Reverend Richard Rouse Bloxam, an assistant master at Rugby School.[3]

Card 32 illustrates twelve constellations: nine modern ones (Corvus, Crater, Sextans [here Sextans Uraniæ], Hydra, Lupus, Centaurus, Antlia [here Antlia Pneumatica], and Pyxis [here Pyxis Nautica]), the now-subdivided Argo Navis, and the former constellations Noctua and Felis.

The cover of the box-set depicts Urania, the muse of astronomy. It originally came with a book entitled A Familiar Treatise on Astronomy... written as an accompaniment.[2][4] Peter Hingley, the researcher who solved the mystery of who designed the cards a hundred and seventy years after their publication, considered them amongst the most attractive star chart cards of the many produced in the early 19th century.

Description

 
A high-resolution scan of the front box of "Urania's Mirror" (First edition).

Urania's Mirror illustrates 79 constellations on 32 separate cards. Some of the illustrated constellations are now obsolete, as are some of the subconstellations, such as Caput Medusæ (the head of Medusa, carried by Perseus).[2] Urania's Mirror was originally advertised as including "all the constellations visible in the British Empire",[1][4] but, in fact, it left out some southern constellations. By the second edition (1825), advertisements merely claimed illustration of the constellations visible from "Great Britain".[4] Some cards focus on a single constellation, others include several, with Card 32, centered on Hydra, illustrating twelve constellations (several of which are no longer recognised). Card 28 has six, and no other card has more than four.[2] Each card measures 8 inches by 5+1⁄2 (about 20 by 14 cm).[4] A book by Jehoshaphat Aspin entitled A Familiar Treatise on Astronomy (or, to give its full name, A Familiar Treatise on Astronomy, Explaining the General Phenomena of the Celestial Bodies; with Numerous Graphical Illustrations) was written to accompany the cards.[2] The cards and book came in a box illustrated with a woman almost certainly intended to be Urania, muse of astronomy.[4] The cards and book were originally published by Samuel Leigh, 18 Strand, London,[4] although, by the fourth edition, the publishing firm had moved to 421 Strand and changed its name to M. A. Leigh.[5]

P.D. Hingley calls Urania's Mirror "one of the most charming and visually attractive of the many aids to astronomical self-instruction produced in the early nineteenth century".[4] On its main gimmick, the holes in the stars meant to show the constellation when held in front of a light, he notes that, as the size of the holes marked correspond to the magnitude of the stars, a quite realistic depiction of the constellation is provided.[4] Ian Ridpath mostly concurs. He describes the device as an "attractive feature", but notes that, due to the light at the time being provided primarily by candles, many cards likely burned up due to carelessness when trying to hold them in front of the flame. He notes three other attempts to use the same gimmick—Franz Niklaus König's Atlas céleste (1826), Friedrich Braun's Himmels-Atlas in transparenten Karten (1850), and Otto Möllinger's Himmelsatlas (1851), but states that they lack Urania's Mirror's artistry.[2]

Copying from A Celestial Atlas

  •  

    A Celestial Atlas, Plate 7

  •  

    Urania's Mirror, Plate 10

The depictions of the constellations in Urania's Mirror are redrawings from those in Alexander Jamieson's A Celestial Atlas, published about three years earlier, and include unique attributes differing from Jamieson's sky atlas, including the new constellation of Noctua the owl, and "Norma Nilotica" – a measuring device for the Nile floods – held by Aquarius the water bearer.[2]

Mystery of the designer, and solution

 
 
Advertisement for Urania's Mirror from December 1824, suggesting it would make an "acceptable" Christmas present.[1][2]

Advertisements for Urania's Mirror, as well as the introduction to its companion book A Familiar Treatise on Astronomy, credit the design of the cards simply to a "lady", who is described in the introduction of the book as being "young". This led to speculation as to her identity. Some proposed prominent female astronomers such as Caroline Herschel and Mary Somerville, others credited the engraver Sidney Hall.[4] The designer's identity remained unknown for 170 years. In 1994, while archiving early election certificates used to propose people to be admitted to the Royal Astronomical Society, P. D. Hingley found one proposing the Reverend Richard Rouse Bloxam and naming him as "Author of Urania's Mirror".[3] While he had several notable sons, he has no other known publications, his main distinction being to have served as assistant master at Rugby School for 38 years.[3]

The reasons for the disguise are unknown. Hingley notes that many contemporary publications attempted to suggest women had played a role in their creation, perhaps to make them sound less threatening. He suggests that anonymity might have been necessary to protect Bloxam's position at Rugby, but notes Rugby was quite progressive, which makes this unlikely; and, finally, suggests modesty as a possibility.[6] Ian Ridpath, noting the plagiarism of the art from A Celestial Atlas, suggests that this alone might be sufficient to cause the author to wish to remain anonymous.[2]

Editions

  •  

    First edition "Pisces", without stars in the surrounding constellations. "Plain".

  •  

    Second edition "Pisces", with the surrounding stars. "Fully coloured".

A December 1824 advertisement, which states the cards were "just published", offered the cards "plain" at £1/8s or "fully coloured" for £1/14s.[1] This first edition did not include any stars surrounding the named constellations, leaving those parts blank. This was changed for the second edition, which added back stars around those constellations.[2] An American edition was published in 1832. Modern reprints were produced in 1993, and Barnes & Noble reproduced the American edition (with accompanying book) in 2004.[2] The accompanying book, A Familiar Treatise on Astronomy by Jehoshaphat Aspin went through at least four editions, with the last coming out in 1834.[2] The second edition featured a marked expansion in content, growing from 121 pages in the first edition to 200 pages in the second.[4] The book, by the time of the 1834 American edition, consisted of an introduction, a list of the northern and southern constellations, a description of each of the plates, with the history and background of the constellations depicted, and an alphabetical list of named stars (such as Achernar) with their Bayer designation, magnitude, and respective constellation.[7]

A "Second Part" of Urania's Mirror, which was to have included illustrations of the planets and a portable orrery, was advertised,[8] but no evidence exists to show it was ever released.[2]

Gallery

Constellations depicted

The constellations depicted, in the order they are listed on the cards, are:[2]

In addition, Mons Mænalus is shown below Boötes, Caput Medusæ is shown as part of Perseus, and Cerberus is shown with Hercules.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Advertisement". Monthly Critical Gazette. London: Sherwood, Jones, and Co. December 1824. p. 578. See also File:Advertisement for Urania's Mirror.png.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Ridpath, Ian. "Urania's Mirror". Ian Ridpath's Old Star Atlases. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  3. ^ a b c Hingley, P. D. (1994). "Urania's Mirror — A 170-year old mystery solved?". Journal of the British Astronomical Association. 104 (5): 238–40. Bibcode:1994JBAA..104..238H. p. 239
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Hingley, P. D. (1994). "Urania's Mirror — A 170-year old mystery solved?". Journal of the British Astronomical Association. 104 (5): 238–40. Bibcode:1994JBAA..104..238H. p. 238
  5. ^ Hingley, P. D. (1994). "Urania's Mirror — A 170-year old mystery solved?". Journal of the British Astronomical Association. 104 (5): 238–40. Bibcode:1994JBAA..104..238H. p. 239 (illus.)
  6. ^ Hingley, P. D. (1994). "Urania's Mirror — A 170-year old mystery solved?". Journal of the British Astronomical Association. 104 (5): 238–40. Bibcode:1994JBAA..104..238H. p. 240
  7. ^ Taken from the reproduction of the book included in the 2004 Barnes and Noble facsimile edition of the Urania's Mirror set.
  8. ^ "[Advertisement]". The Quarterly Literary Advertiser (Part of the Quarterly Literary Journal). Duke-Street, Piccadilly, London: John Sharpe. October 1828: 17. 1828.
  9. ^ An obsolete plural form of the name of the constellation Triangulum
  10. ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Rangifer". Star Tales. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  11. ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Custos Messium". Star Tales. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  12. ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Honores Friderici". Star Tales. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  13. ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Telescopium Herschilii". Star Tales. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  14. ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Quadrans Muralis". Star Tales. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  15. ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Taurus Poniatovii". Star Tales. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  16. ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Scutum". Star Tales. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  17. ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Antinous". Star Tales. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  18. ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Vulpecula". Star Tales. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  19. ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Musca Borealis". Star Tales. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  20. ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Globus Aerostaticus". Star Tales. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  21. ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Harpa Georgii". Star Tales. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  22. ^ Hill, John (1754). "Fluvius". Urania: Or, a Compleat View of the Heavens; Containing the Antient and Modern Astronomy, in Form of a Dictionary: Illustrated with a Great Number of Figures ... A Work Intended for General Use, Intelligible to All Capacities, and Calculated for Entertainment as Well as Instruction. London: T. Gardner. p. [unpaginated].
  23. ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Machina Electrica". Star Tales. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  24. ^ Hill, John (1754). "Pigeon". Urania: Or, a Compleat View of the Heavens; Containing the Antient and Modern Astronomy, in Form of a Dictionary: Illustrated with a Great Number of Figures ... A Work Intended for General Use, Intelligible to All Capacities, and Calculated for Entertainment as Well as Instruction. London: T. Gardner. p. [unpaginated].
  25. ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Officina Typographica". Star Tales. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  26. ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Turdus Solitarius". Star Tales. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  27. ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Sextans". Star Tales. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  28. ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Felis". Star Tales. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  29. ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Antlia". Star Tales. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  30. ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Argo Navis". Star Tales. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  31. ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Pyxis". Star Tales. Retrieved 7 March 2014.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Urania's Mirror.

January 26, 2023
urania, mirror, view, heavens, astronomical, star, chart, cards, first, published, november, 1824, they, illustrations, based, alexander, jamieson, celestial, atlas, addition, holes, punched, them, allow, them, held, light, depiction, constellation, stars, the. Urania s Mirror or a view of the Heavens is a set of 32 astronomical star chart cards first published in November 1824 1 2 They are illustrations based on Alexander Jamieson s A Celestial Atlas 2 but the addition of holes punched in them allow them to be held up to a light to see a depiction of the constellation s stars 1 They were engraved by Sidney Hall and were said to be designed by a lady but have since been identified as the work of the Reverend Richard Rouse Bloxam an assistant master at Rugby School 3 Card 32 illustrates twelve constellations nine modern ones Corvus Crater Sextans here Sextans Uraniae Hydra Lupus Centaurus Antlia here Antlia Pneumatica and Pyxis here Pyxis Nautica the now subdivided Argo Navis and the former constellations Noctua and Felis The cover of the box set depicts Urania the muse of astronomy It originally came with a book entitled A Familiar Treatise on Astronomy written as an accompaniment 2 4 Peter Hingley the researcher who solved the mystery of who designed the cards a hundred and seventy years after their publication considered them amongst the most attractive star chart cards of the many produced in the early 19th century Contents 1 Description 2 Copying from A Celestial Atlas 3 Mystery of the designer and solution 4 Editions 5 Gallery 6 Constellations depicted 7 References 8 External linksDescription Edit A high resolution scan of the front box of Urania s Mirror First edition Urania s Mirror illustrates 79 constellations on 32 separate cards Some of the illustrated constellations are now obsolete as are some of the subconstellations such as Caput Medusae the head of Medusa carried by Perseus 2 Urania s Mirror was originally advertised as including all the constellations visible in the British Empire 1 4 but in fact it left out some southern constellations By the second edition 1825 advertisements merely claimed illustration of the constellations visible from Great Britain 4 Some cards focus on a single constellation others include several with Card 32 centered on Hydra illustrating twelve constellations several of which are no longer recognised Card 28 has six and no other card has more than four 2 Each card measures 8 inches by 5 1 2 about 20 by 14 cm 4 A book by Jehoshaphat Aspin entitled A Familiar Treatise on Astronomy or to give its full name A Familiar Treatise on Astronomy Explaining the General Phenomena of the Celestial Bodies with Numerous Graphical Illustrations was written to accompany the cards 2 The cards and book came in a box illustrated with a woman almost certainly intended to be Urania muse of astronomy 4 The cards and book were originally published by Samuel Leigh 18 Strand London 4 although by the fourth edition the publishing firm had moved to 421 Strand and changed its name to M A Leigh 5 P D Hingley calls Urania s Mirror one of the most charming and visually attractive of the many aids to astronomical self instruction produced in the early nineteenth century 4 On its main gimmick the holes in the stars meant to show the constellation when held in front of a light he notes that as the size of the holes marked correspond to the magnitude of the stars a quite realistic depiction of the constellation is provided 4 Ian Ridpath mostly concurs He describes the device as an attractive feature but notes that due to the light at the time being provided primarily by candles many cards likely burned up due to carelessness when trying to hold them in front of the flame He notes three other attempts to use the same gimmick Franz Niklaus Konig s Atlas celeste 1826 Friedrich Braun s Himmels Atlas in transparenten Karten 1850 and Otto Mollinger s Himmelsatlas 1851 but states that they lack Urania s Mirror s artistry 2 Copying from A Celestial Atlas Edit A Celestial Atlas Plate 7 Urania s Mirror Plate 10The depictions of the constellations in Urania s Mirror are redrawings from those in Alexander Jamieson s A Celestial Atlas published about three years earlier and include unique attributes differing from Jamieson s sky atlas including the new constellation of Noctua the owl and Norma Nilotica a measuring device for the Nile floods held by Aquarius the water bearer 2 Mystery of the designer and solution Edit Advertisement for Urania s Mirror from December 1824 suggesting it would make an acceptable Christmas present 1 2 Advertisements for Urania s Mirror as well as the introduction to its companion book A Familiar Treatise on Astronomy credit the design of the cards simply to a lady who is described in the introduction of the book as being young This led to speculation as to her identity Some proposed prominent female astronomers such as Caroline Herschel and Mary Somerville others credited the engraver Sidney Hall 4 The designer s identity remained unknown for 170 years In 1994 while archiving early election certificates used to propose people to be admitted to the Royal Astronomical Society P D Hingley found one proposing the Reverend Richard Rouse Bloxam and naming him as Author of Urania s Mirror 3 While he had several notable sons he has no other known publications his main distinction being to have served as assistant master at Rugby School for 38 years 3 The reasons for the disguise are unknown Hingley notes that many contemporary publications attempted to suggest women had played a role in their creation perhaps to make them sound less threatening He suggests that anonymity might have been necessary to protect Bloxam s position at Rugby but notes Rugby was quite progressive which makes this unlikely and finally suggests modesty as a possibility 6 Ian Ridpath noting the plagiarism of the art from A Celestial Atlas suggests that this alone might be sufficient to cause the author to wish to remain anonymous 2 Editions Edit First edition Pisces without stars in the surrounding constellations Plain Second edition Pisces with the surrounding stars Fully coloured A December 1824 advertisement which states the cards were just published offered the cards plain at 1 8s or fully coloured for 1 14s 1 This first edition did not include any stars surrounding the named constellations leaving those parts blank This was changed for the second edition which added back stars around those constellations 2 An American edition was published in 1832 Modern reprints were produced in 1993 and Barnes amp Noble reproduced the American edition with accompanying book in 2004 2 The accompanying book A Familiar Treatise on Astronomy by Jehoshaphat Aspin went through at least four editions with the last coming out in 1834 2 The second edition featured a marked expansion in content growing from 121 pages in the first edition to 200 pages in the second 4 The book by the time of the 1834 American edition consisted of an introduction a list of the northern and southern constellations a description of each of the plates with the history and background of the constellations depicted and an alphabetical list of named stars such as Achernar with their Bayer designation magnitude and respective constellation 7 A Second Part of Urania s Mirror which was to have included illustrations of the planets and a portable orrery was advertised 8 but no evidence exists to show it was ever released 2 Gallery Edit Plate 1 Draco and Ursa Minor Plate 2 Camelopardalis Tarandus and Custos Messium Plate 3 Cassiopeia Plate 4 Cepheus Plate 5 Gloria Frederici Andromeda and Triangula 9 Plate 6 Perseus and Caput Medusae Plate 7 Auriga Plate 8 Lynx and Telescopium Herschilii Plate 9 Ursa Major Plate 10 Bootes Canes Venatici Coma Berenices and Quadrans Muralis Plate 11 Hercules and Corona Borealis Plate 12 Taurus Poniatowski Ophiuchus Scutum Sobiesky and Serpens Plate 13 Delphinus Sagitta Aquila and Antinous Plate 14 Lacerta Cygnus Lyra and Vulpecula and Anser Plate 15 Pegasus and Equuleus Plate 16 Aries and Musca Borealis Plate 17 Taurus Plate 18 Gemini Plate 19 Cancer Plate 20 Leo Major and Leo Minor Plate 21 Virgo Plate 22 Libra Plate 23 Scorpio Plate 24 Sagittarius and Corona Australis Microscopium and Telescopium Plate 25 Capricornus Plate 26 Aquarius Piscis Australis amp Ballon Aerostatique Plate 27 Pisces Plate 28 Psalterium Georgii Fluvius Eridanus Cetus Officina Sculptoris Fornax Chemica and Machina Electrica Plate 29 Orion Plate 30 Canis Major Lepus Columba Noachi amp Cela Sculptoris Plate 31 Monoceros Canis Minor and Atelier Typographique Plate 32 Noctua Corvus Crater Sextans Uraniae Hydra Felis Lupus Centaurus Antlia Pneumatica Argo Navis and Pyxis NauticaConstellations depicted EditThe constellations depicted in the order they are listed on the cards are 2 Draco Ursa Minor Camelopardalis Tarandus obsolete representing a reindeer also called Rangifer 10 Custos Messium obsolete literally translated as the Harvest Keeper but intended as a pun on the comet hunter Charles Messier 11 Cassiopeia Cepheus Gloria Frederici obsolete also called Honores Friderici meant to commemorate Frederick the Great 12 Andromeda Triangula Perseus Auriga Lynx Telescopium Herschilii obsolete the Telescope of William Herschel 13 Ursa Major Bootes Canes Venatici Coma Berenices Quadrans Muralis obsolete created by Lalande to commemorate the wall mounted quadrant he and his nephew used to measure star positions 14 Hercules Corona Borealis Taurus Poniatowski obsolete represented the bull on King Stanislaw August Poniatowski s coat of arms Also called Taurus Poniatovii 15 Serpentarius a former name for Ophiuchus 2 Scutum Sobiesky Full name of the constellation Scutum the Shield of King John III Sobieski 16 Serpens Delphinus Sagitta Aquila Antinous obsolete Antinous was the lover of the Roman emperor Hadrian 17 Lacerta Cygnus Lyra Vulpecula and Anser a slightly Anglicised version of the full name of Vulpecula this translates as the little fox and the goose 18 Pegasus Equuleus Aries Musca Borealis obsolete represented a fly not to be confused with the modern southern constellation of Musca 19 Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Major now known as Leo Leo Minor Virgo Libra Scorpio Sagittarius Corona Australis Microscopium Telescopium Capricornus Aquarius Piscis Australis a k a Piscis Austrinus Ballon Aerostatique obsolete honoured the Montgolfier brothers balloon also called Globus Aerostaticus 20 Pisces Psalterium Georgii obsolete the harp of King George III of the United Kingdom Also called Harpa Georgii 21 Fluvius Eridanus former name of Eridanus 22 Cetus Officina Sculptoris now known as Sculptor Fornax Chemica full name of Fornax Machina Electrica obsolete represented an electrostatic generator 23 Orion Canis Major Lepus Columba Noachi full name of Columba 24 Cela Sculptoris now known as Caelum 2 Monoceros Canis Minor Atelier Typographique obsolete represented Gutenberg s printing shop 25 Noctua obsolete an owl replacing the equally obsolete Turdus Solitarius the thrush 26 Corvus Crater Sextans Uraniae original name of Sextans 27 Hydra Felis obsolete represented a cat 28 Lupus Centaurus Antlia Pneumatica full name of Antlia 29 Argo Navis obsolete now divided into Carina Vela and Puppis 30 Pyxis Nautica full name of Pyxis 31 In addition Mons Maenalus is shown below Bootes Caput Medusae is shown as part of Perseus and Cerberus is shown with Hercules 2 References Edit a b c d e Advertisement Monthly Critical Gazette London Sherwood Jones and Co December 1824 p 578 See also File Advertisement for Urania s Mirror png a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Ridpath Ian Urania s Mirror Ian Ridpath s Old Star Atlases Retrieved 7 March 2014 a b c Hingley P D 1994 Urania s Mirror A 170 year old mystery solved Journal of the British Astronomical Association 104 5 238 40 Bibcode 1994JBAA 104 238H p 239 a b c d e f g h i j Hingley P D 1994 Urania s Mirror A 170 year old mystery solved Journal of the British Astronomical Association 104 5 238 40 Bibcode 1994JBAA 104 238H p 238 Hingley P D 1994 Urania s Mirror A 170 year old mystery solved Journal of the British Astronomical Association 104 5 238 40 Bibcode 1994JBAA 104 238H p 239 illus Hingley P D 1994 Urania s Mirror A 170 year old mystery solved Journal of the British Astronomical Association 104 5 238 40 Bibcode 1994JBAA 104 238H p 240 Taken from the reproduction of the book included in the 2004 Barnes and Noble facsimile edition of the Urania s Mirror set Advertisement The Quarterly Literary Advertiser Part of the Quarterly Literary Journal Duke Street Piccadilly London John Sharpe October 1828 17 1828 An obsolete plural form of the name of the constellation Triangulum Ridpath Ian Rangifer Star Tales Retrieved 7 March 2014 Ridpath Ian Custos Messium Star Tales Retrieved 7 March 2014 Ridpath Ian Honores Friderici Star Tales Retrieved 7 March 2014 Ridpath Ian Telescopium Herschilii Star Tales Retrieved 7 March 2014 Ridpath Ian Quadrans Muralis Star Tales Retrieved 7 March 2014 Ridpath Ian Taurus Poniatovii Star Tales Retrieved 7 March 2014 Ridpath Ian Scutum Star Tales Retrieved 7 March 2014 Ridpath Ian Antinous Star Tales Retrieved 7 March 2014 Ridpath Ian Vulpecula Star Tales Retrieved 7 March 2014 Ridpath Ian Musca Borealis Star Tales Retrieved 7 March 2014 Ridpath Ian Globus Aerostaticus Star Tales Retrieved 7 March 2014 Ridpath Ian Harpa Georgii Star Tales Retrieved 7 March 2014 Hill John 1754 Fluvius Urania Or a Compleat View of the Heavens Containing the Antient and Modern Astronomy in Form of a Dictionary Illustrated with a Great Number of Figures A Work Intended for General Use Intelligible to All Capacities and Calculated for Entertainment as Well as Instruction London T Gardner p unpaginated Ridpath Ian Machina Electrica Star Tales Retrieved 7 March 2014 Hill John 1754 Pigeon Urania Or a Compleat View of the Heavens Containing the Antient and Modern Astronomy in Form of a Dictionary Illustrated with a Great Number of Figures A Work Intended for General Use Intelligible to All Capacities and Calculated for Entertainment as Well as Instruction London T Gardner p unpaginated Ridpath Ian Officina Typographica Star Tales Retrieved 7 March 2014 Ridpath Ian Turdus Solitarius Star Tales Retrieved 7 March 2014 Ridpath Ian Sextans Star Tales Retrieved 7 March 2014 Ridpath Ian Felis Star Tales Retrieved 7 March 2014 Ridpath Ian Antlia Star Tales Retrieved 7 March 2014 Ridpath Ian Argo Navis Star Tales Retrieved 7 March 2014 Ridpath Ian Pyxis Star Tales Retrieved 7 March 2014 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Urania s Mirror Urania s Mirror Treasures of the RAS Royal Astronomical Society Includes a video presentation of the cards Portals Astronomy Star Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Urania 27s Mirror amp oldid 1057392429, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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