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Crater (constellation)

December 12, 2023

Crater is a small constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere. Its name is the latinization of the Greek krater, a type of cup used to water down wine. One of the 48 constellations listed by the second-century astronomer Ptolemy, it depicts a cup that has been associated with the god Apollo and is perched on the back of Hydra the water snake.

Crater
Constellation
AbbreviationCrt
GenitiveCrateris
Pronunciation/ˈkreɪtər/,
genitive /krəˈtiːrɪs/
Symbolismthe cup
Right ascension10h 51m 06.1297s–11h 56m 23.6655s[1]
Declination−6.6621790°–−25.1957951°[1]
Area282 sq. deg. (53rd)
Main stars4
Bayer/Flamsteed
stars		12
Stars with planets7
Stars brighter than 3.00m0
Stars within 10.00 pc (32.62 ly)0
Brightest starδ Crt (Labrum) (3.57m)
Messier objects0
Meteor showersEta Craterids
Bordering
constellations		Leo
Sextans
Hydra
Corvus
Virgo
Visible at latitudes between +65° and −90°.
Best visible at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during the month of April.

There is no star brighter than third magnitude in the constellation. Its two brightest stars, Delta Crateris of magnitude 3.56 and Alpha Crateris of magnitude 4.07, are ageing orange giant stars that are cooler and larger than the Sun. Beta Crateris is a binary star system composed of a white giant star and a white dwarf. Seven star systems have been found to host planets. A few notable galaxies, including Crater 2 and NGC 3981, and a famous quasar lie within the borders of the constellation.

Mythology edit

 
Corvus, Crater, and other constellations seen around Hydra, from Urania's Mirror (1825). Crater (centre) is depicted as a gold, double-handled cup with decorative filigree.

In the Babylonian star catalogues dating from at least 1100 BC, the stars of Crater were possibly incorporated with those of the crow Corvus in the Babylonian Raven (MUL.UGA.MUSHEN). British scientist John H. Rogers observed that the adjoining constellation Hydra signified Ningishzida, the god of the underworld in the Babylonian compendium MUL.APIN. He proposed that Corvus and Crater (along with the water snake Hydra) were death symbols and marked the gate to the underworld.[2] Corvus and Crater also featured in the iconography of Mithraism, which is thought to have been of middle-eastern origin before spreading into Ancient Greece and Rome.[3]

Crater is identified with a story from Greek mythology in which a crow or raven serves Apollo, and is sent to fetch water, but it delays its journey as it finds some figs and waits for them to ripen before eating them. Finally, it retrieves the water in a cup and takes back a water snake, blaming it for drinking the water.[4] According to the myth, Apollo saw through the fraud, and angrily cast the crow, cup, and snake into the sky.[5] The three constellations were arranged in such a way that the crow was prevented from drinking from the cup, and hence seen as a warning against sinning against the gods.[4]

Phylarchus wrote of a different origin for Crater. He told how the city of Eleusa near Troy was beset by plague. Its ruler Demiphon consulted an oracle which decreed that a maiden should be sacrificed each year. Demiphon declared that he would choose a maiden by lottery, but he did not include his own daughters. One nobleman, Mastusius, objected, forcing Demiphon to sacrify his daughter. Later, Mastusius killed Demiphon's daughters and tricked the ruler in drinking a cup containing a mixture of their blood and wine. Upon finding out the deed, the king ordered Mastusius and the cup to be thrown into the sea. Crater signifies the cup.[4]

In other cultures edit

 
Crater as depicted on The Manuchihr Globe made in Mashhad 1632-33 AD. Adilnor Collection, Sweden.

In Chinese astronomy, the stars of Crater are located within the constellation of the Vermillion Bird of the South (南方朱雀, Nán Fāng Zhū Què).[6] They depict, along with some stars from Hydra, Yi, the Red Bird's wings. Yi also denotes the 27th lunar mansion. Alternatively, Yi depicts a heroic bowman; his bow composed of other stars in Hydra.[7] In the Society Islands, Crater was recognized as a constellation called Moana-'ohu-noa-'ei-ha'a-moe-hara ("vortex-ocean-in-which-to-lose-crime").[8]

Characteristics edit

Covering 282.4 square degrees and hence 0.685% of the sky, Crater ranks 53rd of the 88 constellations in area.[9] It is bordered by Leo and Virgo to the north, Corvus to the east, Hydra to the south and west, and Sextans to the northwest. The three-letter abbreviation for the constellation, as adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1922, is "Crt".[10] The official constellation boundaries, as set by Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte in 1930, are defined by a polygon of six segments (illustrated in infobox). In the equatorial coordinate system, the right ascension coordinates of these borders lie between 10h 51m 14s and 11h 56m 24s, while the declination coordinates are between −6.66° and −25.20°.[11] Its position in the southern celestial hemisphere means that the whole constellation is visible to observers south of 65°N.[9][a]

Features edit

Stars edit

Main article: List of stars in Crater
 
The constellation Crater as it can be seen by the naked eye.

The German cartographer Johann Bayer used the Greek letters alpha through lambda to label the most prominent stars in the constellation. Bode added more, though only Psi Crateris remains in use. John Flamsteed gave 31 stars in Crater and the segment of Hydra immediately below Crater Flamsteed designations, naming the resulting constellation Hydra et Crater. Most of these stars lie in Hydra.[12] The three brightest stars—Delta, Alpha, and Gamma Crateris—form a triangle located near the brighter star Nu Hydrae in Hydra.[13] Within the constellation's borders, there are 33 stars brighter than or equal to apparent magnitude 6.5.[b][9]

Delta Crateris is the brightest star in Crater at magnitude 3.6. Located 163 ± 4 light-years away,[15] it is an orange giant star of spectral type K0III that is 1.0–1.4 times as massive as the Sun. An ageing star, it has cooled and expanded to 22.44 ± 0.28 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 171.4 ± 9.0 as much power as the Sun from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of 4,408 ± 57 K.[16] Traditionally called Alkes "the cup",[17][c] and marking the base of the cup is Alpha Crateris,[4] an orange-hued star of magnitude 4.1,[18] that is 141 ± 2 light-years from the Sun.[19] With an estimated mass 1.75 ± 0.24 times that of the Sun, it has exhausted its core hydrogen and expanded to 13.2 ± 0.55 times the Sun's diameter,[20] shining with 69 times its luminosity and an effective temperature of around 4600 K.[21]

With a magnitude of 4.5, Beta Crateris is a binary star system, consisting of a white-hued giant star of spectral type A1III and a white dwarf of spectral type DA1.4,[22] 296 ± 8 light-years from the Sun.[23] Much smaller than the primary, the white dwarf cannot be seen as a separate object, even by the Hubble Space Telescope.[24] Gamma Crateris is a double star, resolvable in small amateur telescopes.[25] The primary is a white main sequence star of spectral type A7V, that is an estimated 1.81 times as massive as the Sun,[26] while the secondary—of magnitude 9.6—has 75% the Sun's mass,[26] and is likely an orange dwarf. The two stars take at least 1150 years to orbit each other.[27] The system is 85.6 ± 0.8 light-years away from the Sun.[28]

Epsilon and Zeta Crateris mark the Cup's rim.[4] The largest naked eye star in the constellation,[29] Epsilon Crateris is an evolved K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K5 III.[30] It has about the same mass as the Sun, but has expanded to 44.7 times the Sun's radius.[31] The star is radiating 391 times the solar luminosity.[32] It is 366 ± 8 light-years distant from the Sun.[33] Zeta Crateris is a binary star system. The primary, component A, is a magnitude 4.95 evolved giant star with a stellar classification of G8 III.[34] It is a red clump star that is generating energy through the fusion of helium at its core.[35] Zeta Crateris has expanded to 13 times the radius of the Sun,[36] and shines with 157 times the luminosity of the Sun.[32] The secondary, component B, is a magnitude 7.84 star.[37] Zeta Crateris is a confirmed member of the Sirius supercluster[38] and is a candidate member of the Ursa Major Moving Group, a collection of stars that share a similar motion through space and may have at one time been members of the same open cluster.[39] The system is located 326 ± 9 light-years from the Sun.[40]

Variable stars are popular targets for amateur astronomers. Their observations provide valuable contributions to understanding star behaviour.[41] Located near Alkes is the red-hued R Crateris,[13] a semiregular variable star of type SRb and a spectral classification of M7. It ranges from magnitude 9.8 to 11.2 over an optical period of 160 days.[42] It is 770 ± 40 light-years distant from the Sun.[43] TT Crateris is a cataclysmic variable; a binary system composed of a white dwarf around as massive as the Sun in close orbit with an orange dwarf of spectral type K5V. The two orbit each other every 6 hours 26 minutes. The white dwarf strips matter off its companion, forming an accretion disk which periodically ignites and erupts. The star system has a magnitude of 15.9 when quiescent, brightening to 12.7 in outburst.[44] SZ Crateris is a magnitude 8.5 BY Draconis type variable star. It is a nearby star system located about 42.9 ± 1.0 light-years from the Sun,[45] and is a member of the Ursa Major Moving Group.[39]

 
The barred spiral galaxy NGC 3887.[46]

HD 98800, also known as TV Crateris, is a quadruple star system around 7–10 million years old, made up of two pairs of stars in close orbit. One pair has a debris disk that contains dust and gas orbiting them both. Spanning the distance between 3 and 5 astronomical units from the stars, it is thought to be a protoplanetary disk.[47] DENIS-P J1058.7-1548 is a brown dwarf less than 5.5% as massive as the Sun. With a surface temperature of between 1700 and 2000 K, it is cool enough for clouds to form. Variations in its brightness in visible and infrared spectra suggest it has some form of atmospheric cloud cover.[48]

HD 96167 is a star 1.31 ± 0.09 times as massive as the Sun, that has most likely exhausted its core hydrogen and begun expanding and cooling into a yellow subgiant with a diameter 1.86 ± 0.07 times that of the Sun, and 3.4 ± 0.2 times its luminosity. Analysis of its radial velocity revealed it has a planet with a minimum mass 68% that of Jupiter, which takes 498.9 ± 1.0 days to complete an orbit. With the orbital separation varying between 0.38 and 2.22 astronomical units, the orbit is highly eccentric.[49] The stellar system is 279 ± 1 light-years away from the Sun.[50] HD 98649 is a yellow main sequence star, classified as a G4V, that has the same mass and diameter as the Sun, but has only 86% of its luminosity. In 2012, a long-period ( 4951+607
−465 days) planet companion, at least 6.8 times as massive as Jupiter, was discovered by radial velocity method. Its orbit was calculated to be highly eccentric, swinging out to 10.6 astronomical units away from its star, and hence a candidate for direct imaging.[51] BD-10°3166 is a metallic orange main sequence star of spectral type K3.0V, 268 ± 10 light-years distant from the Sun.[52] It was found to have a hot Jupiter-type planet that has a minimum mass of 48% of Jupiter's, and takes only 3.49 days to complete an orbit.[53] WASP-34 is a sun-like star of spectral type G5V that has 1.01 ± 0.07 times the mass and 0.93 ± 0.12 times the diameter of the Sun. It has a planet 0.59 ± 0.01 times as massive as Jupiter that takes 4.317 days to complete an orbit.[54] The system is 432 ± 3 light-years distant from the Sun.[55]

Deep-sky objects edit

 
NGC 3981

The Crater 2 dwarf is a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way,[56] located approximately 380,000 light-years from the Sun.[57] NGC 3511 is a spiral galaxy seen nearly edge-on, of magnitude 11.0, located 2° west of Beta Crateris. Located 11' away is NGC 3513, a barred spiral galaxy.[58] NGC 3981 is a spiral galaxy with two wide and perturbed spiral arms.[59] It is a member of the NGC 4038 Group, which, along with NGC 3672 and NGC 3887, are part of a group of 45 galaxies known as the Crater Cloud within the Virgo Supercluster.[60]

RX J1131 is a quasar located 6 billion light-years away from the Sun. The black hole in the center of the quasar was the first black hole whose spin has ever been directly measured.[61] GRB 011211 was a gamma-ray burst (GRB) detected on December 11, 2001. The burst lasted 270 seconds, making it the longest burst that had ever been detected by X-ray astronomy satellite BeppoSAX up to that point.[62] GRB 030323 lasted 26 seconds and was detected on 23 March 2003.[63]

Meteor showers edit

The Eta Craterids are a faint meteor shower that takes place between 11 and 22 January, peaking around January 16 and 17, near Eta Crateris.[64]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ While parts of the constellation technically rise above the horizon to observers between the 65°N and 83°N, stars within a few degrees of the horizon are to all intents and purposes unobservable.[9]
  2. ^ Objects of magnitude 6.5 are among the faintest visible to the unaided eye in suburban-rural transition night skies.[14]
  3. ^ from Arabic الكأس alka's[17]

References edit

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External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crater (constellation).
  • The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Crater
  • The clickable Crater
  • Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (medieval and early modern images of Crater)


December 12, 2023
crater, constellation, crater, small, constellation, southern, celestial, hemisphere, name, latinization, greek, krater, type, used, water, down, wine, constellations, listed, second, century, astronomer, ptolemy, depicts, that, been, associated, with, apollo,. Crater is a small constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere Its name is the latinization of the Greek krater a type of cup used to water down wine One of the 48 constellations listed by the second century astronomer Ptolemy it depicts a cup that has been associated with the god Apollo and is perched on the back of Hydra the water snake CraterConstellationList of stars in CraterAbbreviationCrtGenitiveCraterisPronunciation ˈ k r eɪ t er genitive k r e ˈ t iː r ɪ s Symbolismthe cupRight ascension10h 51m 06 1297s 11h 56m 23 6655s 1 Declination 6 6621790 25 1957951 1 Area282 sq deg 53rd Main stars4Bayer Flamsteedstars12Stars with planets7Stars brighter than 3 00m0Stars within 10 00 pc 32 62 ly 0Brightest stard Crt Labrum 3 57m Messier objects0Meteor showersEta CrateridsBorderingconstellationsLeoSextansHydraCorvusVirgoVisible at latitudes between 65 and 90 Best visible at 21 00 9 p m during the month of April There is no star brighter than third magnitude in the constellation Its two brightest stars Delta Crateris of magnitude 3 56 and Alpha Crateris of magnitude 4 07 are ageing orange giant stars that are cooler and larger than the Sun Beta Crateris is a binary star system composed of a white giant star and a white dwarf Seven star systems have been found to host planets A few notable galaxies including Crater 2 and NGC 3981 and a famous quasar lie within the borders of the constellation Contents 1 Mythology 1 1 In other cultures 2 Characteristics 3 Features 3 1 Stars 3 2 Deep sky objects 3 3 Meteor showers 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksMythology edit nbsp Corvus Crater and other constellations seen around Hydra from Urania s Mirror 1825 Crater centre is depicted as a gold double handled cup with decorative filigree In the Babylonian star catalogues dating from at least 1100 BC the stars of Crater were possibly incorporated with those of the crow Corvus in the Babylonian Raven MUL UGA MUSHEN British scientist John H Rogers observed that the adjoining constellation Hydra signified Ningishzida the god of the underworld in the Babylonian compendium MUL APIN He proposed that Corvus and Crater along with the water snake Hydra were death symbols and marked the gate to the underworld 2 Corvus and Crater also featured in the iconography of Mithraism which is thought to have been of middle eastern origin before spreading into Ancient Greece and Rome 3 Crater is identified with a story from Greek mythology in which a crow or raven serves Apollo and is sent to fetch water but it delays its journey as it finds some figs and waits for them to ripen before eating them Finally it retrieves the water in a cup and takes back a water snake blaming it for drinking the water 4 According to the myth Apollo saw through the fraud and angrily cast the crow cup and snake into the sky 5 The three constellations were arranged in such a way that the crow was prevented from drinking from the cup and hence seen as a warning against sinning against the gods 4 Phylarchus wrote of a different origin for Crater He told how the city of Eleusa near Troy was beset by plague Its ruler Demiphon consulted an oracle which decreed that a maiden should be sacrificed each year Demiphon declared that he would choose a maiden by lottery but he did not include his own daughters One nobleman Mastusius objected forcing Demiphon to sacrify his daughter Later Mastusius killed Demiphon s daughters and tricked the ruler in drinking a cup containing a mixture of their blood and wine Upon finding out the deed the king ordered Mastusius and the cup to be thrown into the sea Crater signifies the cup 4 In other cultures edit nbsp Crater as depicted on The Manuchihr Globe made in Mashhad 1632 33 AD Adilnor Collection Sweden In Chinese astronomy the stars of Crater are located within the constellation of the Vermillion Bird of the South 南方朱雀 Nan Fang Zhu Que 6 They depict along with some stars from Hydra Yi the Red Bird s wings Yi also denotes the 27th lunar mansion Alternatively Yi depicts a heroic bowman his bow composed of other stars in Hydra 7 In the Society Islands Crater was recognized as a constellation called Moana ohu noa ei ha a moe hara vortex ocean in which to lose crime 8 Characteristics editCovering 282 4 square degrees and hence 0 685 of the sky Crater ranks 53rd of the 88 constellations in area 9 It is bordered by Leo and Virgo to the north Corvus to the east Hydra to the south and west and Sextans to the northwest The three letter abbreviation for the constellation as adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1922 is Crt 10 The official constellation boundaries as set by Belgian astronomer Eugene Delporte in 1930 are defined by a polygon of six segments illustrated in infobox In the equatorial coordinate system the right ascension coordinates of these borders lie between 10h 51m 14s and 11h 56m 24s while the declination coordinates are between 6 66 and 25 20 11 Its position in the southern celestial hemisphere means that the whole constellation is visible to observers south of 65 N 9 a Features editStars edit Main article List of stars in Crater nbsp The constellation Crater as it can be seen by the naked eye The German cartographer Johann Bayer used the Greek letters alpha through lambda to label the most prominent stars in the constellation Bode added more though only Psi Crateris remains in use John Flamsteed gave 31 stars in Crater and the segment of Hydra immediately below Crater Flamsteed designations naming the resulting constellation Hydra et Crater Most of these stars lie in Hydra 12 The three brightest stars Delta Alpha and Gamma Crateris form a triangle located near the brighter star Nu Hydrae in Hydra 13 Within the constellation s borders there are 33 stars brighter than or equal to apparent magnitude 6 5 b 9 Delta Crateris is the brightest star in Crater at magnitude 3 6 Located 163 4 light years away 15 it is an orange giant star of spectral type K0III that is 1 0 1 4 times as massive as the Sun An ageing star it has cooled and expanded to 22 44 0 28 times the Sun s radius It is radiating 171 4 9 0 as much power as the Sun from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of 4 408 57 K 16 Traditionally called Alkes the cup 17 c and marking the base of the cup is Alpha Crateris 4 an orange hued star of magnitude 4 1 18 that is 141 2 light years from the Sun 19 With an estimated mass 1 75 0 24 times that of the Sun it has exhausted its core hydrogen and expanded to 13 2 0 55 times the Sun s diameter 20 shining with 69 times its luminosity and an effective temperature of around 4600 K 21 With a magnitude of 4 5 Beta Crateris is a binary star system consisting of a white hued giant star of spectral type A1III and a white dwarf of spectral type DA1 4 22 296 8 light years from the Sun 23 Much smaller than the primary the white dwarf cannot be seen as a separate object even by the Hubble Space Telescope 24 Gamma Crateris is a double star resolvable in small amateur telescopes 25 The primary is a white main sequence star of spectral type A7V that is an estimated 1 81 times as massive as the Sun 26 while the secondary of magnitude 9 6 has 75 the Sun s mass 26 and is likely an orange dwarf The two stars take at least 1150 years to orbit each other 27 The system is 85 6 0 8 light years away from the Sun 28 Epsilon and Zeta Crateris mark the Cup s rim 4 The largest naked eye star in the constellation 29 Epsilon Crateris is an evolved K type giant star with a stellar classification of K5 III 30 It has about the same mass as the Sun but has expanded to 44 7 times the Sun s radius 31 The star is radiating 391 times the solar luminosity 32 It is 366 8 light years distant from the Sun 33 Zeta Crateris is a binary star system The primary component A is a magnitude 4 95 evolved giant star with a stellar classification of G8 III 34 It is a red clump star that is generating energy through the fusion of helium at its core 35 Zeta Crateris has expanded to 13 times the radius of the Sun 36 and shines with 157 times the luminosity of the Sun 32 The secondary component B is a magnitude 7 84 star 37 Zeta Crateris is a confirmed member of the Sirius supercluster 38 and is a candidate member of the Ursa Major Moving Group a collection of stars that share a similar motion through space and may have at one time been members of the same open cluster 39 The system is located 326 9 light years from the Sun 40 Variable stars are popular targets for amateur astronomers Their observations provide valuable contributions to understanding star behaviour 41 Located near Alkes is the red hued R Crateris 13 a semiregular variable star of type SRb and a spectral classification of M7 It ranges from magnitude 9 8 to 11 2 over an optical period of 160 days 42 It is 770 40 light years distant from the Sun 43 TT Crateris is a cataclysmic variable a binary system composed of a white dwarf around as massive as the Sun in close orbit with an orange dwarf of spectral type K5V The two orbit each other every 6 hours 26 minutes The white dwarf strips matter off its companion forming an accretion disk which periodically ignites and erupts The star system has a magnitude of 15 9 when quiescent brightening to 12 7 in outburst 44 SZ Crateris is a magnitude 8 5 BY Draconis type variable star It is a nearby star system located about 42 9 1 0 light years from the Sun 45 and is a member of the Ursa Major Moving Group 39 nbsp The barred spiral galaxy NGC 3887 46 HD 98800 also known as TV Crateris is a quadruple star system around 7 10 million years old made up of two pairs of stars in close orbit One pair has a debris disk that contains dust and gas orbiting them both Spanning the distance between 3 and 5 astronomical units from the stars it is thought to be a protoplanetary disk 47 DENIS P J1058 7 1548 is a brown dwarf less than 5 5 as massive as the Sun With a surface temperature of between 1700 and 2000 K it is cool enough for clouds to form Variations in its brightness in visible and infrared spectra suggest it has some form of atmospheric cloud cover 48 HD 96167 is a star 1 31 0 09 times as massive as the Sun that has most likely exhausted its core hydrogen and begun expanding and cooling into a yellow subgiant with a diameter 1 86 0 07 times that of the Sun and 3 4 0 2 times its luminosity Analysis of its radial velocity revealed it has a planet with a minimum mass 68 that of Jupiter which takes 498 9 1 0 days to complete an orbit With the orbital separation varying between 0 38 and 2 22 astronomical units the orbit is highly eccentric 49 The stellar system is 279 1 light years away from the Sun 50 HD 98649 is a yellow main sequence star classified as a G4V that has the same mass and diameter as the Sun but has only 86 of its luminosity In 2012 a long period 4951 607 465 days planet companion at least 6 8 times as massive as Jupiter was discovered by radial velocity method Its orbit was calculated to be highly eccentric swinging out to 10 6 astronomical units away from its star and hence a candidate for direct imaging 51 BD 10 3166 is a metallic orange main sequence star of spectral type K3 0V 268 10 light years distant from the Sun 52 It was found to have a hot Jupiter type planet that has a minimum mass of 48 of Jupiter s and takes only 3 49 days to complete an orbit 53 WASP 34 is a sun like star of spectral type G5V that has 1 01 0 07 times the mass and 0 93 0 12 times the diameter of the Sun It has a planet 0 59 0 01 times as massive as Jupiter that takes 4 317 days to complete an orbit 54 The system is 432 3 light years distant from the Sun 55 Deep sky objects edit nbsp NGC 3981The Crater 2 dwarf is a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way 56 located approximately 380 000 light years from the Sun 57 NGC 3511 is a spiral galaxy seen nearly edge on of magnitude 11 0 located 2 west of Beta Crateris Located 11 away is NGC 3513 a barred spiral galaxy 58 NGC 3981 is a spiral galaxy with two wide and perturbed spiral arms 59 It is a member of the NGC 4038 Group which along with NGC 3672 and NGC 3887 are part of a group of 45 galaxies known as the Crater Cloud within the Virgo Supercluster 60 RX J1131 is a quasar located 6 billion light years away from the Sun The black hole in the center of the quasar was the first black hole whose spin has ever been directly measured 61 GRB 011211 was a gamma ray burst GRB detected on December 11 2001 The burst lasted 270 seconds making it the longest burst that had ever been detected by X ray astronomy satellite BeppoSAX up to that point 62 GRB 030323 lasted 26 seconds and was detected on 23 March 2003 63 Meteor showers edit The Eta Craterids are a faint meteor shower that takes place between 11 and 22 January peaking around January 16 and 17 near Eta Crateris 64 See also editCrater Chinese astronomy Notes edit While parts of the constellation technically rise above the horizon to observers between the 65 N and 83 N stars within a few degrees of the horizon are to all intents and purposes unobservable 9 Objects of magnitude 6 5 are among the faintest visible to the unaided eye in suburban rural transition night skies 14 from Arabic الكأس alka s 17 References edit a b CRT PDF International Astronomical Unions Archived PDF from the original on 6 October 2022 Retrieved 7 December 2022 Rogers John H 1998 Origins of the ancient constellations I The Mesopotamian traditions Journal of the British Astronomical Association 108 9 28 Bibcode 1998JBAA 108 9R Rogers John H 1998 Origins of the ancient constellations II The Mediterranean traditions Journal of the British Astronomical Association 108 79 89 Bibcode 1998JBAA 108 79R a b c d e Condos Theony 1997 Star Myths of the Greeks and Romans A Sourcebook Grand Rapids Michigan Phanes Press pp 119 23 ISBN 978 1609256784 Ridpath Ian Tirion Wil 2001 Stars and Planets Guide Princeton New Jersey Princeton University Press p 130 ISBN 978 0 691 17788 5 AEEA Activities of Exhibition and Education 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April 2016 Bakich Michael E 2010 1 001 Celestial Wonders to See Before You Die The Best Sky Objects for Star Gazers The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series New York New York Springer Science Business Media pp 79 80 ISBN 978 1 4419 1777 5 A Galactic Gem ESO s FORS2 instrument captures stunning details of spiral galaxy NGC 3981 European Southern Observatory 12 September 2018 Retrieved 5 March 2019 Tully R Brent 1982 The Local Supercluster The Astrophysical Journal 257 389 422 Bibcode 1982ApJ 257 389T doi 10 1086 159999 ISSN 0004 637X Chandra amp XMM Newton Provide Direct Measurement of Distant Black Hole s Spin Chandra X ray Center 5 March 2014 Retrieved 19 January 2019 Reeves J N Watson D Osborne J P Pounds K A O Brien P T Short A D T Turner M J L Watson M G Mason K O Ehle M Schartel N 4 April 2002 The signature of supernova ejecta measured in the X ray afterglow of the Gamma Ray Burst 011211 PDF Nature 416 6880 512 15 arXiv astro ph 0204075 Bibcode 2002Natur 416 512R doi 10 1038 416512a PMID 11932738 S2CID 4407892 Archived from the original PDF on 2011 07 18 Vreeswijk P M Ellison S L Ledoux C Wijers R A M J Fynbo J P U Moller P Henden A Hjorth J Masi G Rol E Jensen B L Tanvir N Levan A Castro Ceron J M Gorosabel J Castro Tirado A J Fruchter A S Kouveliotou C Burud I Rhoads J Masetti N Palazzi E Pian E Pedersen H Kaper L Gilmore A Kilmartin P Buckle J V Seigar M S Hartmann D H Lindsay K van den Heuvel E P J June 2004 The host of GRB 030323 at z 3 372 A very high column density DLA system with a low metallicity Astronomy amp Astrophysics 419 3 927 940 arXiv astro ph 0403080 Bibcode 2004A amp A 419 927V doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20040086 S2CID 7963653 Levy David H 2008 David Levy s Guide to Observing Meteor Showers Cambridge United Kingdom Cambridge University Press p 105 ISBN 978 0 521 69691 3 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crater constellation The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations Crater The clickable Crater Warburg Institute Iconographic Database medieval and early modern images of Crater Portals nbsp Astronomy nbsp Stars nbsp Spaceflight nbsp Outer space nbsp Solar System Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Crater constellation amp oldid 1188087742, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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