Upis ceramboides is a species of beetle, one of many wood-living insects that benefit from forest fires. It often occurs in quantities below the bark on the fire-damaged birches, but can sometimes be seen on other deciduous trees such as willow and aspen. The larvae thrive in the inner bark which is rich in mycelia, and in the sapwood. They develop into pupae during the summer months under the bark, and they develop over two or three years. The following spring they reproduce themselves.
It has over the years have disappeared from southern Sweden and is now only locally in the Norrland coast (Västerbotten and Norrbotten) as well as Canada and Alaska.[1] The reason for the species' decline is probably the lack of fire-damaged forests and birch, and the modern forestry practices. Upis ceramboides is considered "vulnerable" in terms of species survival. In Vindeln municipality it is called köksskörven, because it occurs indoors when burning firewood in winter.[2][3][4]
The species' survival at temperatures well below freezing are attributed to the xylomannan non-protein antifreeze molecule (polysaccharide and a fatty acid)[5][6][7] as well as the sugar-alcohol, threitol.[8]
^Ishiwata A, Sakurai A, Nishimiya Y, Tsuda S, Ito Y (2011). "Synthetic study and structural analysis of the antifreeze agent xylomannan from Upis ceramboides". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 133 (48): 19524–19535. doi:10.1021/ja208528c. PMID 22029271.
^Crich D, Rahaman MY (2011). "Synthesis and structural verification of the xylomannan antifreeze substance from the freeze-tolerant Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides". Journal of Organic Chemistry. 76 (21): 8611–8620. doi:10.1021/jo201780e. PMC3204896. PMID 21955117.
^Walters KR Jr; Serianni AS; Sformo T; Barnes BM; Duman JG (2009). "A nonprotein thermal hysteresis-producing xylomannan antifreeze in the freeze-tolerant Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (48): 20210–20215. doi:10.1073/pnas.0909872106. PMC2787118. PMID 19934038.
^Walters KR Jr; Pan Q; Serianni AS; Duman JG (2009). "Cryoprotectant biosynthesis and the selective accumulation of threitol in the freeze-tolerant Alaskan beetle, Upis ceramboides". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (25): 16822–16831. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.013870. PMC2719318. PMID 19403530.
April 11, 2024
upis, ceramboides, species, beetle, many, wood, living, insects, that, benefit, from, forest, fires, often, occurs, quantities, below, bark, fire, damaged, birches, sometimes, seen, other, deciduous, trees, such, willow, aspen, larvae, thrive, inner, bark, whi. Upis ceramboides is a species of beetle one of many wood living insects that benefit from forest fires It often occurs in quantities below the bark on the fire damaged birches but can sometimes be seen on other deciduous trees such as willow and aspen The larvae thrive in the inner bark which is rich in mycelia and in the sapwood They develop into pupae during the summer months under the bark and they develop over two or three years The following spring they reproduce themselves Upis ceramboidesScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass InsectaOrder ColeopteraInfraorder CucujiformiaFamily TenebrionidaeGenus UpisSpecies U ceramboidesBinomial nameUpis ceramboides Linnaeus 1758 It has over the years have disappeared from southern Sweden and is now only locally in the Norrland coast Vasterbotten and Norrbotten as well as Canada and Alaska 1 The reason for the species decline is probably the lack of fire damaged forests and birch and the modern forestry practices Upis ceramboides is considered vulnerable in terms of species survival In Vindeln municipality it is called koksskorven because it occurs indoors when burning firewood in winter 2 3 4 The species survival at temperatures well below freezing are attributed to the xylomannan non protein antifreeze molecule polysaccharide and a fatty acid 5 6 7 as well as the sugar alcohol threitol 8 Other notable freeze tolerant animals include the fly Polypedilum vanderplanki and the beetle Cucujus clavipes puniceus 1 References edit a b Ned Rozell Oct 2007 Alaska beetles survive unearthly temperatures Sweden Entomological Society Large black beetle Archived from the original on 2010 04 03 Retrieved 2012 01 26 Darkling Beetle Upis ceramboides Canada Images of Upis ceramboides Ishiwata A Sakurai A Nishimiya Y Tsuda S Ito Y 2011 Synthetic study and structural analysis of the antifreeze agent xylomannan from Upis ceramboides Journal of the American Chemical Society 133 48 19524 19535 doi 10 1021 ja208528c PMID 22029271 Crich D Rahaman MY 2011 Synthesis and structural verification of the xylomannan antifreeze substance from the freeze tolerant Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides Journal of Organic Chemistry 76 21 8611 8620 doi 10 1021 jo201780e PMC 3204896 PMID 21955117 Walters KR Jr Serianni AS Sformo T Barnes BM Duman JG 2009 A nonprotein thermal hysteresis producing xylomannan antifreeze in the freeze tolerant Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 48 20210 20215 doi 10 1073 pnas 0909872106 PMC 2787118 PMID 19934038 Walters KR Jr Pan Q Serianni AS Duman JG 2009 Cryoprotectant biosynthesis and the selective accumulation of threitol in the freeze tolerant Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides Journal of Biological Chemistry 284 25 16822 16831 doi 10 1074 jbc M109 013870 PMC 2719318 PMID 19403530 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Upis ceramboides amp oldid 1049422329, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
